Seta's Armenian Blog: Loussapatz - The Dawn

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ÂÆô 989 Þ2 ́2Â, 22 ÚàôÜÆê 2013

98 î2ðÆÜoð oîø, ÐÜâ2Îo2Ü øê2Ü Î2Ê2Ô2ÜÜoðÀ ̧2ðÒo2È 2ÜØ2Ð2ò2Ü äàÈêàÚ ä2Ú21⁄4Æî Ðð2ä2ð2ÎÆÜ ìð2Ú

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äàÈÆê 2013 øê2ÜÜoðÀ ̧2ðÒo2È 2ÜØ2Ð2ò2Ü

ÆÝãå¿ë Ýß3Í ¿ÇÝù Ù»ñ Ý3Ëáñ1 ÃÇõáí, äáÉëáÛ Ù¿ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Í ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý øë3Ý Î3Ë3- Õ3ÝÝ»ñáõ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÇ á·»ÏáãÙ3Ý ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýáõñ Íñ3·ñÇÝ 3é3çÇÝ Ñ3Ý·ñáõ3ÝÁ` §Ö»1⁄23ÛÇñ¦ Ï»1ñáÝÇÝ Ù¿ç Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í »ñ»ÏáÛÃÝ ¿ñ:

Ü»ñÏ3ÛáõÃ»3Ùμ Ãáõñù, Ñ3Û »õ ûï3ñ Ù3ëÝ3ÏÇóÝ»ñáõ, §Ö»1⁄23ÛÇñ¦Ç ëñ3ÑÇÝ Ù¿ç Ñ3õ3ùáõ3Í Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñÁ 1⁄2ñáõó»óÇÝ »õ ùÝÝ3ñÏ»óÇÝ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ »õ 3ÝáÝó Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý` êáóÇ3É ̧»ÙáÏñ3ï ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ·3Õ3÷3ñ3ËûëáõÃ»3Ý, 3ßË3ï3Ýù»ñáõÝ »õ å3Ûù3ñÇ áõÕ»·ÇÍÇÝ Ù3- ëÇÝ: ́3óÙ3Ý Ëûëùáí Ñ3Ý1¿ë »Ï3õ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáÕ Ù3ñÙÝÇ 3Ý13Ù üÇñï»õë ö»ñÇÉûÉáõÝ, áñ Ý»ñÏ3- Û3óáõó Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý Ýå3ï3ÏÁ, øë3Ý Î3Ë3Õ3ÝÝ»ñáõ å3ïÙ3Ï3ÝÁ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3»õ μ3Ý3ËûëÝ»- ñÁ: 2Ýáñ ËûëùÁ ÁÝ1ÙÇç»ó Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñ¿Ý Ù¿ÏÁ »õ ËÝ1ñ»ó, áñ μáÉáñÁ Ù¿Ï í3ÛñÏ»3Ý ÛáïÝÏ3Ûë Ééáõ- Ã»3Ùμ Û3ñ·»Ý ùë3Ý Û»Õ3÷áË3Ï3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÁ: 2Û1å¿ë 3É å3ï3Ñ»ó3õ:

Ú3ÛïÝÇ Ùï3õáñ3Ï3Ý »õ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÇã è3ÏÁ÷ 1⁄43ñ3ùûÉáõ Ù3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝûñ¿Ý Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõó ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Ï3ñ»õáñ Ý»ñ1ñáõÙÁ úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý ß3ñ- ÅáõÙÇ Ó»õ3õáñÙ3Ý Ñ3ñóÇÝ Ù¿ç: §Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý 3é3çÝáñ1Ý»ñ¿Ý ö3ñ3Ù31⁄2Á ß3ï Ñ»ï3ùñùÇñ Ï»ñå3ñ ¿ñ »õ ËÇëï Ï3ñ»õáñ 1»ñ3Ï3ï3ñáõÃÇõÝ áõ 31⁄21»óáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»ó3Í ¿ñ úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3Ûë- ñáõÃ»3Ý ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý ß3ñÅáõÙÇ Ó»õ3õáñÙ3Ý ·áñÍÇÝ Ù¿ç: 2Ý Ù»Í 31⁄21»óáõÃÇõÝ Ó·3Í ¿ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ ûëÙ3Ý»3Ý ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñáõ, 3ÛÉ Ý3»õ Ñ3Û Ñ3Ù3ÛÝùÇ íñ3Û¦, Áë3õ Ùï3õáñ3Ï3ÝÁ: 1⁄43- ñ3ùûÉáõ ÛÇß»óáõó, áñ úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç 3é3çÇÝ óáÛóÁ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í ¿ñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ÏáÕÙ¿` ¶áõÙ ¶3÷áõÇ Ù¿ç:

́3Ý3Ëûë Ø3ëÇë øÇõñù×ÇõÏÇÉ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõó úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃ»3Ý í»ñçÇÝ ï3ëÝ3Ù»3Ï- Ý»ñáõÝ í3ñ3Í ù3Õ3ù3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ, Ð3Ûáó ò»Õ3ëå3ÝáõÃ»3Ý Çñ3Ï3Ý3óáõÙÁ, úëÙ3Ý»3Ý ä»-

ÀÝÏ. 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3Ý, ØáõëÃ3ý3 ø3ÑÇ3, üÇñï»õë ö»ñÇÉûÉáõ, Ø3ëÇë øÇõñù×ÇõÏÇÉ, è3ÏÁ÷ 1⁄43ñ3ùûÉáõ

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ïáõÃ»3Ý μ3ó3ë3Ï3Ý í»ñ3μ»ñÙáõÝùÁ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, Û3ïÏ3å¿ë` Ó3Ë3ÏáÕÙ»3Ý ù3Õ3ù3- Ï3Ý áõÅ»ñáõÝ ÝÏ3ïÙ3Ùμ:

Ð3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ üÇñ- ï»õë ö»ñÇÉûÉáõ ÁÝÃ»ñó»ó Ñ3Ý1Çëáõ- ÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáÕÝ»ñ¿Ý ê3·û Ð3óå3Ý»3ÝÇ áõÕ»ñÓÁ, áñáõÝ Ù¿ç Ð3ó- å3Ý»3Ý ÏÁ Ï3ñ»õáñ¿ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ 3- é3ù»ÉáõÃÇõÝÁ: 2Ý 3ñ1¿Ý ù3ÝÇ ÙÁ ï3ëÝ3Ù»3Ï¿ Ç í»ñ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ãáõÝÇ 3Ûó»É»Éáõ ÂáõñùÇ3, Ñ»ï»õ3μ3ñ ã¿ñ Ïñó3Í Ù3ëÝ3ÏóÇÉ Ñ3Ý1Çëáõ- ÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ:

Âáõñù Û3ÛïÝÇ ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇã ØáõëÃ3ý3 ø3ÑÇ3 Ëëïûñ¿Ý ùÝÝ313ï»ó áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃÇõÝÁ, 3ÛÉ Ý3»õ Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý ÂáõñùÇ3Ý, ò»Õ3ëå3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óÝ»Éáõ »õ 3Û1 ÷3ëïÁ ÅËï»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ: 2Ýáñ Ëûëùáí, ÅËïáõÙÇ å3ï×3é3μ3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ »õ Ã»1⁄2»ñÁ μáÉáñáíÇÝ 13ï3ñÏ3ËûëáõÃÇõÝ »Ý »õ ëïáñ Ï»ÕÍÇù: ø3ÑÇ3 ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ïáã áõÕÕ»ó 3é»ñ»ëáõÇÉ Çñ å3ïÙáõ- Ã»3Ý Ñ»ï, ×3ÝãÝ3É ò»Õ3ëå3ÝáõÃ»3Ý ÷3ëïÁ »õ Ý»ñáÕáõÃÇõÝ ËÝ1ñ»É Ñ3Û»ñ¿Ý: 2Ýáñ Ëûëùáí, 3ÝÑñ3Å»ßï ¿ Ñ3Û ë»ñáõÝ1Ý»ñáõÝ ÂáõñùÇáÛ ù3Õ3ù3óÇáõÃÇõÝ ëï3Ý3Éáõ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ï3É »õ í»ñ3Ï3Ý·Ý»É 3ÝáÝó Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: ø3ÑÇ3 Ý3»õ Ï3ñ»õáñ»ó ö3ñ3Ù31⁄2Ç »õ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ï- óáõÃ»3Ý 1»ñÁ úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃ»3Ý áõ Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ù¿ç ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý ·3Õ3- ÷3ñ3ËûëáõÃ»3Ý Ñ3ëï3ïáõÙÇ áõ ï3ñ3ÍáõÙÇ Ñ3ñóÇÝ Ù¿ç:

́3Ý3ËûëÝ»ñáõ »ÉáÛÃÝ»ñ¿Ý »ïù, êáóÇ3É ̧»ÙáÏñ3ï ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Î»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý ì3ñãáõÃ»3Ý áõÕ»ñÓÁ ÁÝÃ»ñó»ó Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ ßñç3ÝÇ ì3ñÇã Ø3ñÙÝÇ 3ï»Ý3å»ï ÀÝÏ. 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3ÝÁ (áõÕ»ñÓÁ ÏÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝ»Ýù 3ÙμáÕçáõÃ»3Ùμ): 2Ý Ù»Í3å¿ë áÕçáõÝ»ó Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáÕ ËÙμ3ÏÇÝ Ùï3ÛÕ3óáõÙÁ »õ Ïáã áõÕÕ»ó 1⁄23ñ·3óÝ»Éáõ Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, Û3ÝáõÝ Ù3ñ1Ï3ÛÇÝ 3ñÅ¿ùÝ»ñáõ Û3ÕÃ3Ý3ÏÇÝ: ÀÝÏ. ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3ÝÇ áõÕ»ñÓÁ 3ñÅ3Ý3ó3õ Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñáõ μáõéÝ

Í3÷áÕçáÛÝÝ»ñáõÝ »õ ·Á- Ý3Ñ3ï3ÝùÇÝ:

Ð3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý 3- õ3ñïÇÝ, Çñ»Ýó ïå3õá- ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3- óáõóÇÝ ß3ï ÙÁ Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñ: 2ÝáÝù Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë ·Ý3Ñ3ï»óÇÝ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý 3Ýó»3ÉÇ áõ Ý»ñÏ3ÛÇ ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõ- ÃÇõÝÁ, Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë áÕçáõÝ»Éáí Ïáõë3Ïóáõ- Ã»3Ý 3ÝÙÇç3Ï3Ý Ù3ë- Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ äáÉëáÛ Ù¿ç Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í Ñ3Ý1Ç- ëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ:

Ü»ñÏ3Ý»ñ¿Ý ï»ë3ñ3Ý ÙÁ£ 2é3çÇÝ ß3ñùÇ 3çÇÝa ÀÝÏ. öûÉ o3·áõå»3Ý

20-Ý»ñáõ ÝáõÇñáõ3Í Ó»éÝ3ñÏÝ»ñáõ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåÇãÝ»ñÝ áõ μ3Ý3ËûëÝ»ñÁ

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ÀÝÏ. 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3Ý ÏþÁÝÃ»ñó¿ ê. ̧.Ð.Î. Î»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý ì3ñãáõÃ»3Ý áÕçáÛÝÇ ËûëùÁ

ê. ̧.Ð.Î. Îo ̧ðàÜ2Î2Ü ì2ðâàôÂo2Ü àÔæàÚÜÆ ÊúêøÀ

Ú3ñ·»ÉÇ μ3ñ»Ï3ÙÝ»ñ,

Ø»ñ íñ3Û óÝóáÕ ïå3õáñáõÃÇõÝ Ó·»ó 3ÛÝ ÉáõñÁ, »ñμ ÇÙ3ó3Ýù Ã¿ ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ù¿ç ËáõÙμ ÙÁ Ùï3õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñ åÇïÇ á·»Ïáã»Ý 1915 ÚáõÝÇë 15-ÇÝ Î. äáÉëáÛ êáõÉÃ3Ý ä3Û31⁄2Çï Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÇÝ íñ3Û Ï3- Ë3Õ3Ý Ñ3Ýáõ3Í ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý 20 Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ»ñáõ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÁ:

́Ý3Ï3Ý ¿, Ù»Ýù 3é3çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ á·»õáñáõÃ»3Ùμ ÁÝ1áõÝ»óÇÝù »õ áÕçáõÝ»óÇÝù ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ñ3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃ»3Ý Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñáõÝ ÏáÕÙ¿ ÛÕ3óáõ3Í áõ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõ3Í 3Ûë Ó»éÝ3ñÏÁ: ê3Ï3ÛÝ, Ù»ñ á- ·»õáñáõÃ»3Ý 3ÝÙÇç3å¿ë ÙÇ3ó3õ »ñ»õáÛÃÇÝ Ñ3Ý1¿å å3ï3ëË3- Ý3ïáõ Ï»óáõ3ÍùÁ, áñáíÑ»ï»õ Ù»1⁄2Ç Ñ3Ù3ñ ÁÝÃ3óÇÏ »ñ»õáÛÃ ÙÁ ã¿ 3Ûë »Õ3ÍÁ:

ÖÇß1 ¿, áñ ÐÝã3Ï»3ÝÝ»ñë »õ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë Ñ3Û»ñë, 3Ù¿Ý ï3- ñÇ, 3ßË3ñÑÇ ï3ñμ»ñ 3ÝÏÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ÏÁ Ýß»Ýù 20-Ý»ñáõÝ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÁ (ÙÇÝã»õ 1921 3Û1 Ýßáõ3Í ¿ Ý3»õ Î. äáÉëáÛ Ù¿ç): ê3Ï3ÛÝ, 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3ÙÝ ¿ áñ 3Û1 ÏÁ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõÇ ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ñ3ë3ñ3- ÏáõÃ»3Ý Û3é3ç31¿Ù Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñáõÝ ÏáÕÙ¿: ́3Ý ÙÁ, áñ »Ã¿ 3ëÏ¿ ÑÇÝ· ï3ñÇ 3é3ç Áë- áõ¿ñ, óÝáñ3ÙïáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ ë»åáõ¿ñ: 2Ûëûñ 3ñ1¿Ý å3ïÙ3Ï3Ý Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝ ¿ 3Û1:

ØÇÝã 3Ûë, Ù»Ýù 3ñ1¿Ý 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ3Í ¿ÇÝù, áñ ù3ÝÇ ÙÁ ï3ñÇ ¿ Ç í»ñ ÂáõñùÇáÛ É3ÛÝ3ËáÑ Ùï3õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÏáÕÙ¿, Ñ3É3Í3ÝùÝ»ñáõ ·Ýáí, Ð3Ûáó ò»Õ3ëå3ÝáõÃ»3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ ×ßÙ3ñïáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ Áë»ÉÁ »õë 13ñÓ3Í ¿ñ Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝ: 2ÝÏÇõÝ313ñÓ3ÛÇÝ »õ ¿3Ï3Ý Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ, á- ñáÝù áõÝÇÝ 3å3·3ÛÇÝ Ý3ÛáÕ É3ÛÝ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáÃÇõÝÝ»ñ:

Ø»1⁄2Ç Ñ3Ù3ñ Éáõñç Ùï3Ñá·áõÃÇõÝ ¿, Ã¿ ÂáõñùÇáÛ 31⁄23ï3ËáÑÝ»ñÝ áõ 1»ÙáÏñ3ïÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ñ3Ù3ñÓ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏþáõÝ»Ý3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñå»Éáõ 3Ûë Ó»éÝ3ñÏÁ, ÇÝãù3Ýá±í Í3ÝûÃ »Ý úëÙ. Î3Ûë- ñáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ »õ 3ÝáÝó Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ï3ñ3Í 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ-31⁄23ï3·ñ3Ï3Ý »õ ÁÝÏ»- ñ3ÛÇÝ å3Ûù3ñÝ»ñáõÝ: 2Ýßáõßï, 3Ûë 3Ýï»Õ»ÏáõÃÇõÝÁa áã Çñ»Ýó Ù»Õùáí: 2Ûëï»Õ ß3ï »ñÏ3ñ ÏþÁÉÉ3Û Ãáõ3ñÏ»É úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç ê. ̧. ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ï3ñ3Í ÁÝÏ»ñ3- ÛÇÝ å3Ûù3ñÁ, áñ 3ëÏ¿ 125 ï3ñÇ 3é3ç 3é3çÇÝÝ ¿ñ áõ ÙÇ3ÏÁ: ØÇ3ÛÝ Áë»Ýù, Ã¿ ê. ̧. ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ, áñ å3Ûù3ñÇ Ïþ»ÉÉ¿ñ êáõÉÃ3Ý Ð3ÙÇïÇ 1¿Ù, Çñ ÑÇÙÝ31ñáõÃ»3Ý Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõ- Ã»3Ý Ù¿ç ÏÁ Ýß¿ña §Ø»Ýù áã Ù¿Ï μ3Ý áõÝÇÝù Ãáõñù ·ÇõÕ3óÇÇÝ 1¿Ù, áñ ÇÝùÁ ÝáÛÝå¿ë 1⁄2áÑÝ ¿ Çñ å»ïáõÃ»3Ý¦:

20 Î3Ë3Õ3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ ·ÉË3õáñÁa ö3ñ3Ù31⁄2Á, áñ Ý3Ë3å¿ë 3É, 1897-ÇÝ, Ó»ñμ3Ï3Éáõ3Í ¿ñ ì3ÝÇ Ù¿ç, 13ï3ñ3ÝÇÝ 3éç»õ Çñ Û3ÛïÝÇ ×3éÇÝ Ù¿ç ÏþÁë¿. §Ø»Ýù ÃÃáõ 31⁄2·3ÛÝ3ÙáÉÝ»ñ ã»Ýù, Ù»Ýù 3ÝÝ»Ý· ÅáÕáíñ13ë¿ñ »Ýù áõ ß3ï É3õ ·Çï»Ýù áñ 31⁄2·3ÛÝ3Ï3Ý Ã3·3õáñÁ, å¿ÏÁ` ÝáÛÝ μéÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý ·áñÍ»Éáõ, ÇÝã ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ ûï3ñÁ¦:

1908-Ç ê3ÑÙ3Ý31ñáõÃ»Ý¿Ý »ïù, ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ ïñ3Ù31ñáõÇ Çñ å3Ûù3ñÁ ï3ÝÇÉ Ë3Õ3Õ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí, ûñÇÝ3õáñ Ó»õ»ñáí »õ ÁÝÏ»ñ3ÛÇÝ ·»ïÝÇ íñ3Û: 2Û1 Ïþ3ñï3Û3Ûï¿ Çñ 6-ñ1 Ñ3Ù3·áõÙ3ñáí, í»ñ3÷áËáõ3Í Íñ3·Çñáí »õ å3ßïûÝ3Ï3Ý Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáí: ê3- Ï3ÛÝ ÆÃÃÇÑ3ï ì¿ Â»ñ3ùùÁ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý í3ñ3Í 3ÛÉ3Ù»ñÅ »õ 31⁄2·3ÛÝ3ÙáÉ »õ 31⁄2·»ñáõ ûëÙ3- Ý3óÙ3Ý ù3Õ3ù3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Ç 1»ñ»õ ÏÁ Ñ3Ý¿ 3Ù¿Ý μ3Ý: ìñ3Û Ñ3ë3Í Ð3Ù3ßË3ñÑ3ÛÇÝ 2. ä3- ï»ñ31⁄2ÙÇ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ, Ñ3Û ÅáÕáíáõñ1ÇÝ Ñ3Ý1¿å ÏÁ ·áñÍ31ñáõÇ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í ó»Õ3ëå3Ýáõ- ÃÇõÝ: Ü3Ëù3Ý å3ï»ñ31⁄2ÙÁ, úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃ»3Ý ï3ñ3ÍùÇÝ ÏÁ Ó»ñμ3Ï3ÉáõÇÝ ÆÃÃÇÑ3ï Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý 3Ù¿Ý¿Ý ëÏ1⁄2μáõÝù3ÛÇÝ »õ Ñ»ï»õáÕ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ï3é3Ïáñ1Ý»ñÁ »ÕáÕ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõ- ë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝóÙ¿ 20 Ñá·ÇÝ ÏÁ Ñ3ÝáõÇ Ï3Ë3Õ3Ý: ÜáÛÝù3Ý ÙÁÝ 3É

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ÐÝã3Ï»3ÝÝ»ñ Ù3Ñáõ3Ý ÏÁ 13ï3å3ñïáõÇÝ 3ÛÉ ù3Õ3ùÝ»ñáõ Ù¿ç: 2Ûë Ñ3ÏÇñ×, ß3ï Ñ3ÏÇñ× 3Ù- ÷á÷áõÙÝ ¿ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ Ï3ï3ñ3Í ·áñÍÇÝ, áñ ëïÇåáõ3Í »Ýù 3Ù¿Ý ï3ñáõ3Û ÝÙ3Ý í»ñ3ÏñÏÝ»É Ý3»õ 3Ûëûñ` 3é Ç Û3ñ·3Ýù Çñ»Ýó Ï3ï3ñ3Í ·áñÍÇÝ:

2Ûëûñ, Ñ3Û »õ Ãáõñù Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ ·ïÝáõÇÝ Ýáñ ÑáñÇ1⁄2áÝÝ»ñáõ 1ÇÙ3ó, Ýáñ å3Û- Ù3ÝÝ»ñáõ 3éç»õ, áñáÝó ëï»ÕÍÙ3Ý Ù¿ç Çñ 3Ýáõñ3Ý3ÉÇ 1»ñÁ áõÝÇÝ ÂáõñùÇáÛ 31⁄23ï3ËáÑÝ»ñÁ, 1»ÙáÏñ3ïÝ»ñÁ, Ù3ñ1Ï3ÛÇÝ Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ å3Ûù3ñáÕÝ»ñÁ, »õ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë å3ñÏ»ßï Ùï3õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÁ: Ø3ñ1ÇÏ` áñáÝù Ïþáõ1⁄2»Ý μ3ó 3ãùáí Ý3ÛÇÉ å3ïÙáõÃ»3Ý, 3ñ13ñ Ï»ñåáí, 3- é3Ýó Ý3Ë3å3ß3ñáõÙÇ ·Ý3Ñ3ï»É å3ïÙáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ ãí3ËÝ3É Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ïáã»É Çñ»Ýó 3- ÝáõÝÝ»ñáí: 2å3·3Ý ß3ï μ3Ý åÇïÇ å3ñïÇ Ó»1⁄2Ç, 3ÛÝå¿ë ÇÝãå¿ë áñ 3Ûëûñáõ3Ý Çõñ3ù3ÝãÇõñ 1ñ3Ï3Ý Û3é3çË3Õ3óùÁ 3Ýå3ÛÙ3Ý μ3Ý ÙÁ ÏÁ å3ñïÇ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ:

Ø»Ýù 3Ûë 1Çï3ÝÏÇõÝ¿Ý ÏÁ ·Ý3Ñ3ï»Ýù 3Ûëûñáõ3Ý ËÇ1⁄23Ë Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõÃÇõÝÁ áõ ç»ñÙ3å¿ë ÏþáÕçáõÝ»Ýù Ó»1⁄2: ÎÁ Ù3ÕÃ»Ýù áñ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÇÝ 3éÇÃáí ÍÝ3Í 3Ûë ·áñÍ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ í»- ñ3ÍáõÇ μ3ñ»Ï3ÙáõÃ»3Ý` Û3ÝáõÝ 3ñ13ñÇ, Çñ3õáõÝùÇ »õ μ3ñÇÇ Û3ÕÃ3Ý3ÏÇ Ù»Í »ñÃÇÝ:

Ð2Ü ̧ÆêàôÂoÜ3⁄4Ü îä2ôàðàôÂÆôÜÜoð

ì3ÛñÁ. ̈ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ ÝáõÇñáõ3Í Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í ¿ñ §Ö»1⁄23ÛÇñ¦ Ï»1ñáÝÇ ëñ3- ÑÇÝ Ù¿ç: êáÛÝ ëñ3ÑÁ Ù3ë ÏÁ Ï31⁄2Ù¿ äáÉëáÛ Ï»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý ä¿ÛûÕÉáõ ßñç3ÝÇ Î3É3Ã3ë3ñ3Û Ã3Õ3Ù3ëÇÝ: Þñç3ÝÁ ÏÁ Ñ3Ù3ñáõÇ äáÉëáÛ »ñÇï3ë3ñ13Ï3Ý Ñ3õ3ù3í3Ûñ»ñ¿Ý Ù¿ÏÁ: §Ö»1⁄23ÛÇñ¦ Ï»1ñáÝÇÝ Ù¿ç Û3- ×3Ë ÏÁ Ñ3Ý1ÇåÇÝ Ãáõñù Ùï3õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñ, ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñ »õ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý 3ùÃÇõÇëïÝ»ñ: §Â3ùëÇÙ¦ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÁ ÏÁ ·ïÝáõÇ Ï»1ñáÝ¿Ý ÁÝ13Ù¿ÝÁ ù3ÝÇ ÙÁ Ñ3ñÇõñ Ù»Ãñ Ñ»é3õáñáõÃ»3Ý íñ3Û:

øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ ·ñùáÛÏ. ̈ Ü3Ë3Ó»éÝáÕ Ù3ñÙÇÝÁ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï3Í ¿ñ Û3ïáõÏ ·Áñ- ùáÛÏÝ»ñ, ÝáõÇñáõ3Í øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ »õ 3- ÝáÝó ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý 1»ñ3Ï3ï3ñáõÃ»3Ý: ¶ñùáÛÏÇÝ Ù¿ç Ý3Ë ù3ÝÇ ÙÁ ¿ç Û3ïÏ3ó- áõ3Í ¿ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝ»Éáõ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýáõñ 3é- Ù3Ùμ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ·3Õ3- ÷3ñ3ËûëáõÃÇõÝÝ áõ ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃÇõÝÁ: 2- å3, Ãñù»ñ¿Ý áõ Ñ3Û»ñ¿Ý É»1⁄2áõÝ»ñáí Ý»ñ- Ï3Û3óáõ3Í ¿ Çõñ3ù3ÝãÇõñ Ý3Ñ3ï3Ï Õ»- Ï3í3ñÇ Ï»Ýë3·ñ3Ï3ÝÁ: ¶ñùáÛÏ¿Ý ûñÇ- Ý3ÏÝ»ñ μ3ÅÝáõ»ó3Ý ëñ3ÑÇ ÙáõïùÇÝ: Ð»- ï3ùñùñáõÃÇõÝ óáõó3μ»ñ»óÇÝ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý Ù3ëÝ3ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ, 3ÛÉ Ùß3- ÏáõÃ3ÛÇÝ Ï»1ñáÝÇÝ Ù¿ç ·ïÝáõáÕ »õ 3ÛÉ Ó»éÝ3ñÏÝ»ñáõ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáÕ Ãáõñù»ñ »õ ûï3ñ31⁄2·ÇÝ»ñ:

øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ Éáõë3ÝÏ3ñÝ»ñ. ̈ Ü3Ë3- Ó»éÝáÕ Ù3ñÙÇÝÁ §Ö»1⁄23ÛÇñ¦ Ï»1ñáÝÇ ëñ3ÑÇÝ Ù¿Ï å3ïÇÝ íñ3Û μ3ñÓñ3óáõó3Í ¿ñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý øë3Ý 3ÝÙ3ÑÝ»ñ¿Ý Çõñ3- ù3ÝãÇõñÇÝ Éáõë3ÝÏ3ñÁ »õ Ãñù»ñ¿Ý áõ Ñ3- Û»ñ¿Ý É»1⁄2áõÝ»ñáí Ï3ñ× Ï»Ýë3·ñ3Ï3Ý ·Ç- Í»ñ: Ð3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý 3õ3ñïÇÝ, Ù3ëÝ3- ÏÇóÝ»ñ¿Ý ß3ï»ñ Ùûï»ó3Ý »õ Éáõë3ÝÏ3ñ- Ý»ñ 3éÇÝ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ 1ÇÙ3ÝÏ3ñÝ»ñáõÝ Ùûï:

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Ü»ñÏ3ÛáõÃÇõÝ. ̈ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñÁ ·ñ»Ã¿ Ñ3õ3ë3ñ3å¿ë μ3ÅÝáõ3Í ¿ÇÝ Ãáõñù»ñáõ »õ Ñ3Û»ñáõ ÙÇ- ç»õ: êñ3ÑÇÝ Ù¿ç ÏÁ ·ïÝÁ- õ¿ÇÝ Ý3»õ ù3ÝÇ ÙÁ ûï3- ñ31⁄2·ÇÝ»ñ: Âáõñù»ñ¿Ý á- Ù3Ýù, Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»Ý¿Ý 3- é3ç »õ í»ñç Ýß»óÇÝ, áñ ó3ñ1 Ù3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝûñ¿Ý ã¿ÇÝ Í3ÝûÃ3ó3Í Ð3Ûáó ò»Õ3ëå3ÝáõÃ»3Ý ÁÝ- Ã3óùÇÝ 1⁄2áÑáõ3Í Ñ3Û Õ»- Ï3í3ñÝ»ñáõ ÇëÏ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»3Ý »õ ûñÇÝ úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3Ûëñáõ- Ã»3Ý Ù¿ç Ñ3Û»ñáõ áõÝ»- ó3Í ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ï3ñ»- õáñ 1»ñ3Ï3ï3ñáõÃ»3Ý:

äáÉë3Ñ3Û »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñ. ̈ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ ÝáõÇñáõ3Í Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý Ý»ñÏ3Û ¿ÇÝ Ù»Í3ÃÇõ åáÉë3- Ñ3Û »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñ, áñáÝù Ù»Í áõß31ñáõÃ»3Ùμ Ñ»ï»õ»ó3Ý μ3Ý3ËûëÝ»ñáõ áõÕ»ñÓÝ»ñáõÝ, 3å3 1⁄2ñáõó»óÇÝ äáÉëáÛ Ù¿ç Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ: oñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñÁ Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë Ñ»- ï3ùñùñáõ3Í ¿ÇÝ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ, Û»Õ3÷áË3Ï3Ý »õ ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý ·3Õ3÷3ñ3Ëûëáõ- Ã»3Ùμ:

Ð3Û3ëï3Ý»3Ý 3Ý1ñ313ñÓ. ̈ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÇ á·»ÏáãÙ3Ý Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù3ë- Ý3Ïó»Éáõ Ýå3ï3Ïáí äáÉÇë Å3Ù3Ý3Í ¿ÇÝ Ý3»õ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý»3Ý Ñ3Ù3ó3Ýó3ÛÇÝ Ï3Ûù¿ç»ñáõ Ý»ñÏ3- Û3óáõóÇã Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñ »õ Éáõë3ÝÏ3ñÇãÝ»ñ: 2ÝáÝù Ñaynews.am, emedia.am, üáïáÉáõñ »õ Ñ3Ù3ó3Ý- ó3ÛÇÝ 3ÛÉ Ï3Ûù¿ç»ñáõ ÙÇçáó3õ Ù»ÏÝ3μ3Ý»óÇÝ äáÉëáÛ Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ »õ Ó»éÝ3ñÏÝ»ñáõ ÍÇñ¿Ý Ý»ñë Ï3Û3ó3Í Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙÝ»ñÁ:

øê2ÜÜoðàô ¶ðøàÚÎÜoðÀ Î3⁄41⁄4ÆÆ Ø3⁄4æ

§Ö»1⁄23ÛÇñ¦ ëñ3ÑÇÝ Ù¿ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Í Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý 1⁄2áõ·3Ñ»é, äáÉëáÛ Ï»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý Î¿1⁄2Ç 1⁄2μû- ë3Û·ÇÇÝ »õ 3Ýáñ Ùûï3Ï3Û Â3ùëÇÙ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÇÝ íñ3Û ÏÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ïáõ¿ÇÝ »ñÇï3ë3ñ13Ï3Ý Ñ3- õ3ùÝ»ñÁ »õ Ýëï3óáÛóÁ` áëïÇÏ3ÝáõÃ»3Ý ÑëÏáÕáõÃ»3Ý ï3Ï:

Î¿1⁄2ÇÇ Ù¿ç íñ3Ý É3ñ3Í ¿ÇÝ Ý3»õ äáÉëáÛ Ù¿ç ·áñÍáÕ §Üáñ 1⁄43ñÃûÝù¦ »ñÇï3ë3ñ13Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2- Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃ»3Ý 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñÁ: 2ÝáÝù Ðñ3Ý1 îÇÝùÇ 3ÝáõÝáí Ïáã3Í ¿ÇÝ íñ3ÝÇ ßñç3ÝÁ, μ3ñÓñ3óáõó3Í ¿ÇÝ å3ëï3éÝ»ñ »õ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃ»3Ý 1ñûßÝ»ñÁ: oñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñ¿Ý ß3ï»ñ ÏÁ ·Çß»ñ¿ÇÝ Î¿1⁄2Ç 1⁄2μû- ë3Û·ÇÇÝ Ù¿ç:

Ð»ï3ùñùñ3Ï3Ýûñ¿Ý, í»ñçÇÝ »ñ»ù ûñ»ñáõÝ, §Üáñ 1⁄43ñÃûÝù¦Ç íñ3ÝÇÝ 3éç»õ ï»Õ31ñáõ3Í ë»- Õ3ÝÇÝ íñ3Û »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñÁ Ïþ3é3ç3ñÏ¿ÇÝ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý øë3Ý Ý3Ñ3ï3ÏÝ»ñáõ Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý 3éÃÇõ å3ïñ3ëïáõ3Í ·ñùáÛÏ¿Ý ûñÇÝ3ÏÝ»ñ: Üëï3óáÛóÇÝ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáÕ Ù»Í3ÃÇõ »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñ, Ý3»õ û- ï3ñ31⁄2·Ç 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñ, ÏÁ Ùûï»Ý3ÛÇÝ ë»Õ3ÝÇÝ áõ Ñ»ï3ùñùñáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ óáõó3μ»ñ¿ÇÝ 3Ýáñ ¿ç»- ñáõÝ íñ3Û ïå3·ñáõ3Í ÝÇõÃ»ñáõÝ Ñ3Ý1¿å: Þ3ï»ñ Çñ»Ýó Ñ»ï ÏÁ ï3Ý¿ÇÝ ·ñùáÛÏÝ»ñÁ, í»ñóÝ»Éáí Ù¿Ï¿ 3õ»ÉÇ ûñÇÝ3ÏÝ»ñ, ÙÇÝã áõñÇßÝ»ñ íñ3ÝÇÝ Ù¿ç ·ïÝáõáÕ Ñ3Û »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñ¿Ý ÏÁ å3Ñ3Ýç¿ÇÝ å3ñ1⁄23μ3ÝáõÙÝ»ñ` øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ »ñ»õáÛÃÇÝ Ù3ëÇÝ:

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§Î2ðÌoê 2ÚÜîoÔ 3⁄4Æ oê, ä2Ú21⁄4ÆîÆ ́2ðÒðàôÜøÆÜ...¦

êáóÇ3É ̧»ÙáÏñ3ï ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ, áã »õë ¿ Ëáñ3·ñÇÝ 3é3çÇÝ μ3éÁ` §Ï3ñ- Í»ë¦Á: 2013 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ ÚáõÝÇë 15-ÇÝ, ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ í»ñ313ñÓ3õ 3ÛÝ ÝáÛÝ Ññ3å3ñ3- ÏÁ, áõñ 98 ï3ñÇÝ»ñ 3é3ç Ï3Ë3Õ3Ý μ3ñÓñ3ó3Í ¿ÇÝ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ»ñÁ: 2Ûë 3ÝÝ3Ë3- 1¿å »ñ»õáÛÃ ¿ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ3Ý, 3ÛÉ Ñ3Ù3ÛÝ Ñ3Û ÅáÕáíáõñ1Ç 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ å3Ûù3ñÇ å3ïÙáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç: ́Ý3Ï3Ý3μ3ñ, 3ÝÝ3Ë31¿å ã¿ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï í»ñ313éÝ3ÉÁ, 3ÛÉ 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3ÙÝ ¿ áñ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ ÙÁ ÏÁ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóÇ ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ù¿ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Í ÝÙ3Ý Ó»éÝ3ñ- ÏÇ, Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃ»3Ùμ` Ãáõñù ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ »õ 3ÝÓÝ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ, Ùï3- õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñáõ »õ åáÉë3Ñ3Û »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñáõ: 2Ûë »ñ»õáÛÃÁ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ýß»óÇÝ ÙÇçáó3éáõÙÇ μ3Ý3Ëûë- Ý»ñÁ, å¿ïù ¿ Ýáñ ÑáñÇ1⁄2áÝÝ»ñ μ3Ý3Û Çñ3õ3ï¿ñ ÅáÕáíáõñ1Ý»ñáõ 3ñ13ñ Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ, Ñ3Ù»ñ3ßË áõ Ë3Õ3Õ Ï»3ÝùÇ 3å3ÑáíÙ3Ý 3éáõÙáí:

Þ3μ3Ã, 15 ÚáõÝÇë 2013-Ç Û»ïÙÇçûñ¿Ç Å3ÙÁ 3-ÇÝ, äáÉëáÛ ü3ÃÇÑ ßñç3ÝÇ ä3Û31⁄2Çï Ññ3å3ñ3- ÏÇÝ íñ3Û ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3õ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï3ÛÇÝ Ó»éÝ3ñÏa á·»Ïáã»Éáõ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý øë3Ý 3ÝÙ3ÑÝ»ñáõÝ ÛÇß3- ï3ÏÁ: Ðñ3å3ñ3ÏÇÝ íñ3Û Ý»ñÏ3Û ¿ÇÝ Ãáõñù ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý 3ùÃÇõÇëïÝ»ñ, ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñ, Ù3ñ1Ï3ÛÇÝ Çñ3õáõÝùÇ å3ßïå3ÝÝ»ñ, åáÉë3Ñ3Û »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñ, Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõ- óÇãÝ»ñ: Âáõñù Ó3Ë3ÏáÕÙ»3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ »õ 3ÝÓÝ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõÃ»3Ùμ Ï3Û3ó3Í 3Ûë Ó»éÝ3ñÏÇÝ Ý»ñÏ3Û ¿ÇÝ Ý3»õ êáóÇ3É ̧»ÙáÏñ3ï ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ ßñç3ÝÇ ì3ñÇã Ø3ñÙÝÇ 3ï»Ý3å»ï ÀÝÏ. 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3ÝÁ »õ §2ñ3ñ3ï¦ ûñ3Ã»ñÃÇ 1Çõ3Ý3-

å»ï ÀÝÏ. öûÉ o3·áõå»3ÝÁ: Öß1áõ3Í Å3ÙáõÝ Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñÁ Ñ3-

õ3ùáõ»ó3Ý §ÆëÃ3ÝåáõÉÇ Ð3Ù3Éë3ñ3- Ý¦ÇÝ ïñ3Ù31ñáõ3Í Ï3éáÛóÇÝ 3éç»õ, áõñ 98 ï3ñÇÝ»ñ 3é3ç Ï3Ë3Õ3Ý μ3ñÓñ3- ó3Í ¿ÇÝ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý øë3ÝÝ»ñÁ: Ü3Ë3Ó»é- ÝáÕ Ù3ñÙÇÝÁ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ»ñáõÝ Éáõë3ÝÏ3ñÝ»ñÁ μ3ÅÝ»ó Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñáõÝ, á- ñáÝù Ý3Ë Ù¿Ï í3ÛñÏ»3Ý ÉéáõÃ»3Ùμ Û3ñ- ·»óÇÝ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÁ: Î31⁄2Ù3- Ï»ñåÇã Ù3ñÙÝÇÝ 3ÝáõÝáí Ëûëù 3é3õ ø3- ïÇñ 2ùÇÝ, áñ ÁÝÃ»ñó»ó øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÝÁ- õÇñáõ3Í ÙÇçáó3éáõÙÝ»ñ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñå»Éáõ Ýå3ï3ÏÝ»ñÁ μ3ó3Û3ÛïáÕ Ñ3Õáñ13·- ñáõÃÇõÝÁ: 2Ý ÛÇß»óáõó, áñ Ãáõñù Ñ3ë3ñ3- ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ Í3ÝûÃ3Ý3Û ö3ñ3Ù3-

1⁄2ÇÝ áõ 3Ýáñ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñáõÝ, áñáÝù Ù»Í Ý»ñ1ñáõÙ áõÝ»ó3Í ¿ÇÝ úëÙ3Ý»3Ý Î3ÛëñáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç ÁÝÏ»ñí3- ñ3Ï3Ý ·3Õ3÷3ñÝ»ñáõ 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3Ý ·áñÍÇÝ Ù¿ç:

àÕçáÛÝÇ Ëûëùáí Ñ3Ý1¿ë »Ï3õ ÀÝÏ. 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3Ý: 2Ý í»ñëïÇÝ ßÝáñÑ3Ï3ÉáõÃÇõÝ Û3Ûï- Ý»ó Ãáõñù Ñ3ë3ñ3Ï3Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, áñáÝù Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñå3Í ¿ÇÝ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÝáõÇñ- áõ3Í Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: ÀÝÏ. ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3Ý Ñ3Û»ñ¿Ýáí Çñ 3ñï3ë3Ý3Í ËûëùÇÝ Ù¿ç Ù3ÕÃ»ó, áñ ëáÛÝ Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ 1áõé ÏÁ μ3Ý3Ý Û3õ»É»3É Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý, Û3ÝáõÝ å3ïÙ3Ï3Ý 3ñ13ñáõ- Ã»3Ý í»ñ3Ñ3ëï3ïáõÙÇÝ:

Âáõñù Û3ÛïÝÇ Ññ3ï3ñ3ÏÇã, Çñ3õ3å3ßïå3Ý è3ÏÁ÷ 1⁄43ñ3ùûÉáõ μ3ñÓñ ·Ý3Ñ3ï»ó øë3ÝÝ»- ñáõÝ 3ßË3ï3ÝùÝ áõ Ó·3Í 3õ3Ý1Á, Û3ïÏ3Ýß3Ï3Ý Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝ Ñ3Ù3ñ»Éáí øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ Ý3Ñ3-

ä3Û31⁄2ÇïÇ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÇÝ íñ3Û »ÉáÛÃ ÏþáõÝ»Ý3Û ÀÝÏ. 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3Ý

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ï3ÏáõÃ»3Ý ×ß·ñÇï í3ÛñÁ Å3Ù3Ý»ÉÝ áõ 3ÝáÝó ÛÇß3ï3ÏÁ Û3ñ·»ÉÁ: 1⁄43ñ3ùûÉáõ 3- å3 μáÉáñÁ 3é3çÝáñ1»ó 1¿åÇ Ññ3å3ñ3- ÏÇ 3ÛÝ Ñ3ïáõ3ÍÁ, áõñ 98 ï3ñÇÝ»ñ 3é3ç ï»Õ31ñáõ3Í ¿ÇÝù Ï3Ë3Õ3ÝÝ»ñÁ: 2ÛÝ- ï»Õ, Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñÁ Í3ÕÇÏÝ»ñ 1⁄2»ï»Õ»óÇÝ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ Éáõë3ÝÏ3ñÝ»ñáõÝ íñ3Û »õ Í3- ÷áÕçáÛÝÝ»ñáí Û3ñ·»óÇÝ 3ÝáÝó ÛÇß3ï3- ÏÁ:

î»Õ3Ï3Ý »õ Ñ3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý Éñ3ïáõ3- ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ý»ñÏ3Û3ó3Ý Éáõë3μ3Ý»Éáõ »õ Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃ»3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåÇãÝ»ñ¿Ý Ù»Ï- Ý3μ3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ëï3Ý3Éáõ: Ðñ3å3ñ3- ÏÇÝ íñ3Û Ý»ñÏ3Û ¿ñ Ý3»õ 1⁄2áÑáõ3Í Ãñù3- Ñ3Û 1⁄2ÇÝáõáñ ê»õ3Ï ä3ÉÁù×ÇÇ Ñ3ÛñÁ, áñ

Çñ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ μ»ñ3õ øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÝáõÇñáõ3Í Ó»éÝ3ñÏÇÝ:

ä3Û31⁄2Çï Ññ3å3ñ3Ï¿Ý »ïù, Ó»é- Ý3ñÏÇ Ù3ëÝ3ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ áõÕÕáõ»ó3Ý Â3ù- ëÇÙ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÇ Î¿1⁄2Ç 1⁄2μûë3Û·ÇÝ, áõñ Ó3- Ë3ÏáÕÙ»3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »õ Ñ3- Û»ñ »õë ÏÁ Ù3ëÝ3Ïó¿ÇÝ ÁÝÃ3óáÕ »ñÇï3- ë3ñ13Ï3Ý Ýëï3óáÛóÇÝ: äáÉë3Ñ3Û»ñáõ §Üáñ 1⁄43ñÃûÝù¦ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃ»3Ý íñ3- ÝÇÝ Ùûï 3ñï3ë3Ýáõ»ó3Ý Ëûëù»ñ, á- ñáÝó ÁÝ1Ù¿ç¿Ý Ýëï3óáÛóÇ Ñ3ñÇõñ3õáñ Ù3ëÝ3ÏÇóÝ»ñ Í3ÝûÃ3ó3Ý ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý øë3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ, 3ÝáÝó ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»3Ý »õ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ·3Õ3÷3ñ3ËûëáõÃ»3Ý: ÀÝÏ. 2. ø¿ûßÏ¿ñ»3ÝÇÝ Ñ»ï Ñ3ñó31⁄2ñáÛó- Ý»ñ Ï3ï3ñ»óÇÝ Ãñù3Ï3Ý §CNN Turk¦Á, §Taraf¦ Ã»ñÃÁ »õ ï»Õ3Ï3Ý 3ÛÉ Éñ3ïáõ3- ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ:

Î¿1⁄2Ç 1⁄2μûë3Û·ÇÇÝ Ù¿ç, §Üáñ 1⁄43ñÃûÝù¦ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃ»3Ý íñ3ÝÇÝ Ùûï

Ðà¶oÐ2Ü¶Æêî

ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý øë3Ý Î3Ë3Õ3ÝÝ»ñáõ Ý3Ñ3ï3ÏáõÃ»3Ý 98-3Ù»3ÏÇÝ 3éÃÇõ, Ñá·»Ñ3Ý·ëï»3Ý å3ßïûÝ åÇïÇ Ï3ï3ñáõÇ ÎÇñ3ÏÇ, 23 ÚáõÝÇë 2013-ÇÝ, ä3- ÉÁùÉÁÇ ê. ê3ñ·Çë oÏ»Õ»óõáÛ Ù¿ç, Û3õ3ñï ëáõñμ »õ 3ÝÙ3Ñ å3ï3ñ3·Ç£

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2ÚòoÈàôÂÆôÜ §2Îúê¦ÆÜ

äáÉÇë Ù»ÏÝ3Í ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý å3ïáõÇñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ 3Ûó»É»ó §2Ïûë¦ Ã»ñÃÇ ËÙμ3·- ñ3ïáõÝÁ, áõñ Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙ áõÝ»ó3õ Ã»ñÃÇ ËÙμ3·ñ3Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2ÙÇ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñáõÝ áõ 3ßË3ï3ÏÇóÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ»ï: Þñç»É¿ »ïù ËÙμ3·ñ3ï3Ý »õ Ðñ3Ý1 îÇÝùÇ 3Ýáõ3Ý ÑÇÙÝ3ñÏÇ ï3ñμ»ñ μ3ÅÇÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç, å3ï-

áõÇñ3ÏáõÃ»3Ý 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñÁ Ùï»ñÙÇÏ 1⁄2ñáÛó áõÝ»ó3Ý §2Ïûë¦Ç ËÙμ3·ñ3Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2ÙÇÝ Ñ»ï: øÝÝ3ñÏáõ»- ó3Ý ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë Ñ3ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë åáÉë3Ñ3ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ Ûáõ1⁄2áÕ Ñ3ñó»ñÁ: Ú3ïáõÏ 3Ý1ñ3- 13ñÓ Ï3ï3ñáõ»ó3õ §2Ïûë¦ÇÝ »õ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõ- ë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ÙÇç»õ Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ë»ñ- ï3óÝ»Éáõ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõÝ, Û3ïÏ3å¿ë ÝÏ3ïÇ 3éÝ»Éáí í»ñçÇÝ ßñç3ÝÇÝ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõ3Í ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝÝ»- ñÁ` ï3ñμ»ñ áÉáñïÝ»ñáõ Ù¿ç »õ ï3ñμ»ñ Ù3Ï3ñ13Ï- Ý»ñáõ íñ3Û:

§2Ïûë¦Ç ËÙμ3·ñ3Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2ÙÁ μ3ñÓñ ·Ý3- Ñ3ï»ó øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý μ3ñÓñ3Ù3Ï3ñ13Ï Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ å3ïñ3ëï3Ï3ÙáõÃÇõÝ Û3ÛïÝ»ó μ3ó å3-

Ñ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ËáÕáí3ÏÝ»ñÁ »õ ë»ñï3óÝ»Éáõ Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: Üß»Ýù, áñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý å3ïáõÇñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ Ý3»õ 3Ûó»É»ó äáÉëáÛ ä3ÉÁùÉÁÇ Ñ3Û- Ï3Ï3Ý ·»ñ»1⁄2Ù3Ý3ïáõÝÁ, áõñ Í3ÕÇÏÝ»ñ 1⁄2»ï»Õ»ó »õ ÙáÙ í3é»ó §2Ïûë¦ Ã»ñÃÇ Ý3ËÏÇÝ ËÙμ3·ñ3-

å»ï Ðñ3Ý1 îÇÝùÇ ßÇñÇÙÇÝ: øë3ÝÝ»ñáõ Ý3Ñ3ï3ÏáõÃ»3Ý 98-3Ù»3ÏÇÝ 3éÃÇõ, §2Ïûë¦ Çñ ÚáõÝÇë 15-Ç ÃÇõÇÝ Ù¿Ï ¿çÁ ÝáõÇ-

ñ3Í ¿ñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ»ñáõ å3ïÙáõÃ»3Ý »õ ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»3Ý:

§2Ïûë¦Ç å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ»ï

Ðð2Ü ̧ ̧ÆÜøÆ êä2ÜàôÂo2Ü ØoÔ2 ̧ðo2ÈÜoðÆò Ø3⁄4ÎÀ Î2È2Ü2ôàðàôoÈ 3⁄4

2Ï3Ý3õáñ åáÉë3Ñ3Û Éñ3·ñáÕ, §2Ïûë¦ Ã»ñÃÇ ·ÉË3õáñ ËÙμ3·Çñ, ÂáõñùÇ3ÛÇ »ñ»õ»ÉÇ Ùï3õá- ñ3Ï3Ý Ðñ3Ý1 ̧ÇÝùÇ ëå3ÝáõÃ»3Ý ·áñÍáí 12 ï3ñÇ 6 3ÙÇë 31⁄23ï31⁄2ñÏÙ3Ý 13ï3å3ñïáõ3Í 3⁄4ñëÇÝ oáÉçáõÝ Ó»ñμ3Ï3Éáõ»É ¿ îñ3åÇ1⁄2áÝáõÙ »õ μ3Ýï áõÕ3ñÏáõ»É, ï»Õ»Ï3óÝáõÙ ¿ §2Ïûë¦-Á:

ÚÇß»óÝ»Ýù, áñ ̧ÇÝùÇ ëå3ÝáõÃ»3Ý ·áñÍÁ ùÝÝáÕ êï3ÙμáõÉÇ Í3Ýñ Û3Ýó3·áñÍáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ 14-ñ1 13ï3ñ3ÝÁ oáÉçáõÇÝ 13ï3å3ñï»É ¿ñ 31⁄23ï31⁄2ñÏÙ3Ý, ë3Ï3ÛÝ í×ÇéÁ μáÕáù3ñÏáõ»É ¿ñ ì×é3μ»Ï ̧3ï3ñ3ÝáõÙ:

àëïÇÏ3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýñ3Ý Ó»ñμ3Ï3É»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃ»3Ùμ 3ßË3ï3ÝùÝ»ñ ¿ ëÏë»É ÙÇ3ÛÝ 3ÛÝ μ3ÝÇó Û»ïáÛ, »ñμ ì×é3μ»Ï ̧3ï3ñ3ÝÝ 3Ý÷á÷áË ¿ ÃáÕ»É Ý3Ëáñ1 13ï3í×ÇéÁ:

̧ÇÝùÁ ëå3ÝÝáõ»É ¿ 2007 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ ÚáõÝáõ3ñÇ 19-ÇÝ, ÞÇßÉÇáõÙ ·ïÝáõáÕ §2Ïûë¦-Ç ËÙμ3·ñ3- ï3Ý 3é3ç, »ï»õÇó ·ÉËÇÝ 3ñÓ3Ïáõ3Í »ñ»ù Ññ31⁄2¿Ý3ÛÇÝ Ïñ3ÏáóÇó:

èàôê2êî2ÜÀ 1⁄43⁄4Üø 3⁄4 ì2Ö2èàôØ 2 ̧ð ́oæ2ÜÆÜ

èáõë3ëï3ÝÁ ëÏë»É ¿ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇÝ Ù3ï3Ï3ñ3ñ»É Ñ3ñáõ3Í3ÛÇÝ Ýß3Ý3ÏáõÃ»3Ý ßáõñç 1 ÙÇÉ- Ç3ñ1 1áÉ3ñÇ Ñ3ëÝáÕ 1⁄2ÇÝï»ËÝÇÏ3a Ýáñ ï»ë3ÏÇ ï3ÝÏ»ñ, 1⁄2ñ3Ñ3å3ï Ù»ù»Ý3Ý»ñ, Ññ»ï3Ý3ÛÇÝ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·»ñ »õ 3ÛÉÝ:

§21⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝ¦ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÁ ÛÇß»óÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ë3 3é3çÇÝ 1¿åùÁ ã¿, »ñμ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ é31⁄2Ù3í3-

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ñ3Ï3Ý 13ßÝ3ÏÇóÁ Ñ3Ù3ñáõáÕ èáõë3ëï3ÝÁ Ýáñ3·áÛÝ 1⁄2ÇÝï»ËÝÇÏ3 ¿ í3×3éáõÙ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï ÷3ëï3óÇ å3ï»ñ31⁄2Ù3Ï3Ý íÇ×3ÏáõÙ ·ïÝáõáÕ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇÝ:

èáõë3ëï3ÝóÇ é31⁄2Ù3Ï3Ý Ñ3ñó»ñáí Û3ÛïÝÇ ÷áñÓ3·¿ï ä3õ»É ü»É·»Ý·3áõ»ñÁ 3ëáõÙ ¿, áñ 1⁄23ñÙ3Ý3ÉÇ áãÇÝã ãÏ3Û, ë3 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3ÙÁ ã¿ »õ Ñ3õ3Ý3μ3ñ í»ñçÇÝÝ ¿É ã¿. §èáõë3ëï3ÝÁ Õ3ñ3- μ3Õ»3Ý Ñ3ñóáõÙ ã¿1⁄2áù, Ñ3õ3ë3ñ3Ïßéáõ3Í 1ÇñùáñáßáõÙ áõÝÇ, 3ÛëÇÝùÝa ãÇ å3ßïå3ÝáõÙ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó »õ áã Ù¿ÏÇÝ¦:

§oõ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë, èáõë3ëï3ÝÁ ó3ÝÏ3ÝáõÙ ¿ í»ñ3ÑëÏ»É 3ÙμáÕç Ð3ñ3õ3ÛÇÝ ÎáíÏ3ëÇÝ: ØÇ3ÛÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ Ï3Ù ÙÇ3ÛÝ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÁ èáõë3ëï3ÝÇÝ μ3õ3ñ3ñ ã¿¦, §21⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝ¦ é31ÇáÏ3Û3- ÝÇÝ 3ë»É ¿ ü»É·»Ý·3áõ»ñÁ:

Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÆ ¶22-Üa Ð2Ø2oôðàä2Î2Ü 2Î2 ̧oØÆ2ÜoðÆ 2Ü ̧2Ø

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ¶ÇïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 2Ï31»ÙÇ3Ý (¶22) 13ñÓ»É ¿ Ð3Ù3»õñáå3Ï3Ý 2Ï31»Ù- Ç3Ý»ñÇ (ALLEA) 3Ý13Ù:

¶22-Ç ï»Õ»Ï3ïáõ3Ï3Ý-í»ñÉáõÍ3Ï3Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ Ñ3Õáñ13·ñáõÃ»3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ, ALLEA-Ý ÑÇÙ- Ý31ñáõ»É ¿ 1994 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ: 2ÛÝ ·ÇïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ï31»ÙÇ3Ý»ñÇ ý»1»ñ3óÇ3 ¿, áñÁ ÙÇ3õá- ñáõÙ ¿ 40 »õñáå3Ï3Ý »ñÏÇñ: ALLEA-Ç 3Ý13Ù Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ·ÇïÝ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇ »õ Ñ»ï31⁄2û- ïáÕÝ»ñÇ ÇÝùÝ3Ï3é3í3ñáõáÕ ÙÇ3õáñáõÙÝ»ñ »Ý, ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ »Ýa ·Çï3Ï3Ý ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÝ»ñÁ, Ñ»ï31⁄2û- ï3Ï3Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïÝ»ñÁ, Ýáñ3ñ3ñ3Ï3Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÁ »õ ·Çï3Ï3Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ:

§ALLEA-ÇÝ 3Ý13Ù3Ïó»ÉÁ Ñ3Û ·ÇïÝ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ýáñ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ÏþÁÝÓ»éÇ ·Çï3Ï3Ý ÷áË3Ý3ÏÙ3Ý, ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Ñ»é3ÝÏ3ñ3ÛÇÝ Íñ3·ñ»ñáõÙ ÁÝ1·ñÏáõ»Éáõ 3éáõÙáí¦, 3ëáõ3Í ¿ ¶22-Ç Ñ3Õáñ13·ñáõÃÇõÝáõÙ:

Ð2Ú2êî2ÜàôØ 160 Ð21⁄42ð Ø2ð ̧ êî2ÜàôØ 3⁄4 Üàô21⁄42¶àÚÜ 2ÞÊ2î2ì2ðÒ

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ð3Ýñ3å»ïáõÃ»3Ý Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3ÝÝ 3éÁÝÃ»ñ ä»ï»Ï3ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÎáÙÇï¿Ç 3Ý- Ñ3ï3Ï3Ý 3ÝÓÝ3õáñáõ3Í Ñ3ßáõ3éÙ3Ý ïáõ»3ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ Ý»ñÏ3ÛáõÙ 160 Ñ3- 1⁄23ñ Ù3ñ1 ëï3ÝáõÙ ¿ Ýáõ31⁄23·áÛÝ 3ßË3ï3í3ñÓ (35 Ñ31⁄23ñ 1ñ3Ù): 2Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ ÚáõÝÇëÇ 19-ÇÝ ÐÐ 21⁄2- ·3ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ 3ñï3Ñ»ñÃ ÝÇëïáõÙ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó ÐÐ 3ßË3ï3ÝùÇ »õ ëáóÇ3É3Ï3Ý Ñ3ñó»ñÇ Ý3Ë3- ñ3ñ 2ñï»Ù 2ë3ïñ»3ÝÁ, Ýáõ31⁄23·áÛÝ 3ßË3ï3í3ñÓÇ μ3ñÓñ3óÙ3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ ûñÇÝ3·ÍÇ ùÝÝ3ñÏÙ3Ý ßñç3Ý3ÏÝ»ñáõÙ:

2. 2ë3ïñ»3ÝÇ ï»Õ»Ï3óÙ3Ùμ, 90 Ñ31⁄23ñ Ù3ñ1 Ýáõ31⁄23·áÛÝ 3ßË3ï3í3ñÓ ¿ ëï3ÝáõÙ áã å»- ï3Ï3Ý ë»ÏïáñáõÙ, 70 Ñ31⁄23ñ Ù3ñ1a å»ï3Ï3ÝáõÙ: Àëï 2. 2ë3ïñ»3ÝÇ, Ýáõ31⁄23·áÛÝ 3ßË3ï3í3ñ- ÓÁ ÚáõÉÇëÇ 1-Çó ÙÇÝã»õ 45 Ñ31⁄23ñ 1ñ3Ù μ3ñÓñ3óÝ»ÉÁa 1⁄2·3ÉÇ û·ÝáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ 3Û1 160 Ñ31⁄23ñ Ù3ñ1- Ï3Ýó:

Ü3Ë3ñ3ñÁ Ýß»ó, áñ 3é3çÇÏ3Û 6 3ÙëáõÙ 3ÝÑñ3Å»ßï ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ 3,7 ÙÉñ1. 1ñ3Ùa å»ï3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3- Ï3ñ·áõÙ 3ßË3ï3í3ñÓ»ñÁ Ýáõ31⁄23·áÛÝÇÝ Ñ3ëóÝ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ, áñÇó 2,5 ÙÉñ1. 1ñ3ÙÁ ÏÁ Û3ïÏ3óáõÇ å»ï3Ï3Ý μÇõç¿Çó, ÇëÏ 1,2 ÙÉñ1. 1ñ3ÙÁ ÏÁ Í3Ýñ3Ý3Û ï»Õ3Ï3Ý μÇõç¿Ý»ñÇ íñ3Û:

2014 Ã. ÏÁ ëÏëáõ»Ý å»ï3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç 3ßË3ï3í3ñÓ»ñÇ í»ñ3Ý3ÛáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ ÙÇÝã 3Û1 å¿ïù ¿ ë3ÑÙ3Ý»É 3ßË3ï3í3ñÓ»ñÇ Ûëï3Ï ë3Ý1Õ3Ï:

2. 2ë3ïñ»3ÝÇ ·Ý3Ñ3ïÙ3Ùμ, 2014 Ã. å»ï3Ï3Ý μÇõç¿áõÙ Éñ3óáõóÇã 50 ÙÉñ1. 1ñ3ÙÇ Ï3ñÇù ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇa å»ïÍ3é3ÛáÕÝ»ñÇ 3ßË3ï3í3ñÓ»ñÁ μ3ñÓñ3óÝ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

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îÝï»ë3·¿ï ́3·ñ3ï 2ë3ïñ»3Ý

2ê2îðo2Ü. §Ð2Úèàôê¶21⁄42ð ̧Æ ́2ÄÜoØ2êÀ ì2Ö2è3⁄4ø êoö2Î2Ü ÄàÔàìð ̧ÆÜ¦

îÝï»ë3·¿ï ́3·ñ3ï 2ë3ïñ»3ÝÝ 3é3ç3ñÏáõÙ ¿ §Ð3Ûèáõë- ·31⁄23ñ1¦Ç 20% μ3ÅÝ»Ù3ëÁ, »Ã¿ å»ïáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï3ñÇù áõÝÇ 1ñ3Ýù í3×3é»Éáõ, 3å3 í3×3éÇ ë»÷3Ï3Ý ÅáÕáíñ1ÇÝ, áã Ã¿ §¶31⁄2åñá- Ù¦ÇÝ: Aravot.am-Ç Ñ»ï 1⁄2ñáÛóáõÙ, ÐÐ Ï»ÝïñáÝ3Ï3Ý μ3ÝÏÇ Ý3ËÏÇÝ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÁ Ï3ñÍÇù Û3ÛïÝ»óa »Ã¿ Ù»Ýù å»ïáõÃÇõÝ »Ýù »õ Ùï3ÍáõÙ »Ýù 3å3·3ÛÇ Ù3ëÇÝ, áõÕÕ3ÏÇ ãåÇïÇ ·Ý3Ýù 3ÛÝ ù3ÛÉÇÝ, áñ å»ï3- Ï3Ý μ3ÅÝ»Ù3ëÁ í3×3é»Ýù §¶31⁄2åñáÙ¦ÇÝ.

§oÃ¿ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ áõ1⁄2áõÙ ¿ í3×3é»É, ÃáÕ 1ÇÙÇ ë»÷3Ï3Ý ÅáÕáíñ1ÇÝ, Ï3Ù ï»Õ3óÇ ·áñÍ3- ñ3ñÝ»ñÇÝ, ÝáÛÝÇëÏ Ãáß3Ï3éáõÝ ¿É Ï3ñáÕ ¿, Ù»Ýù, 3Ù¿Ýùë Ù»ñ ·ñå3ÝÇó ·áõÙ3ñ 1Ý»Ýù áõ μ3ÅÝ»ïáÙë Ó»éù μ»ñ»Ýù: ̧3 ß3Ñ3õ¿ï ·áñÍ3ñù ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ, ÝáÛÝÇëÏ Ãáß3Ï3éáõÝ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ ·Ý»É μ3ÅÝ»Ù3ë: ÄáÕá- íáõñ1Á Ù»Í å3ïñ3ëï3Ï3ÙáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ óáõó3μ»ñÇ, Ãáß3Ï3éáõÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ »Ï3ÙáõïÇ 3ÕμÇõñ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ: ê3 ÙÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝ ¿, áñÁ 15-20%-Çó å3Ï3ë ß3ÑáõÃ3μ»ñáõÃ»3Ùμ ãÇ áõ1⁄2áõÙ 3ßË3ïÇ, Ù»ñ Ãáß3Ï3- éáõÝ»ñÁ μ3ÅÝ»ïáÙë ·Ý»Éáía »ñ3ßË3õáñáõ3Í »Ï3Ùáõï ÏþáõÝ»Ý3Ý¦£ ä3ñáÝ 2ë3ïñ»3ÝÇ Ý»ñÏ3Û3ó- Ù3Ùμa §Ð3Ûèáõë·31⁄23ñ1¦Ç å»ï3Ï3Ý μ3ÅÝ»Ù3ëÁ í3×3é»ÉÝ 3ÛÝ 3éÇÃÝ ¿, áñ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ Ç- ñ»Ýó Çñ3Ï3Ý 1¿ÙùÁ óáÛó ï3Ý, ÇÑ3ñÏ¿ Ï3Ëáõ3Í Ýñ3ÝÇó, Ã¿ á±õÙ ÏÁ í3×3é»Ý μ3ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñÁ£ oÃ¿ 1ñ3Ýù Ñ3Û3ëï3ÝóÇÝ»ñÁ Ó»éù μ»ñ»Ý, »õ »Ã¿ 13 Ù»ñ ë»÷3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ÉÇÝÇ, 3å3 §¶31⁄2åñáÙ¦Ç ·3- 1⁄23Ù3ï3Ï3ñ3ñáÕ ÙÇ3Ï ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃ»3Ýa §Ð3Ûèáõë·31⁄23ñ1¦Ç íñ3Û 31⁄21»Éáõ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ÏÿáõÝ»- Ý3Ýù. §Ð3Ï3é3Ï 1¿åùáõÙ Ï3Ù ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë 31⁄21»Éáõ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ã»Ýù áõÝ»Ý3Û, Ï3Ù ¿É 1ñ3Ýù ß3ï Ý»Õ3Ý3Éáõ »Ý. 13 ÛÕÇ ¿ μáÉáñ Ï3ñ·Ç íï3Ý·Ý»ñáí, áñÝ 3ÝÏ3ÝË3ï»ë»ÉÇ, ËÇëï íï3Ý·3õáñ »ñ»õáÛÃ ¿¦:

Ø»ñ 1Çï3ñÏÙ3ÝÁ, áñ 100% ë»÷3Ï3Ý3ï¿ñ ÉÇÝ»Éáí §¶31⁄2åñáÙ¦Á ó3ÝÏ3ó3Í ×ÝßáõÙ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ ·áñÍ31ñ»É Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ íñ3Û, »õ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ ·31⁄2Ç ·ÇÝÁ áñáß»Éáõ 3éáõÙáí, å3ñáÝ 2ë3ïñ»3ÝÝ 3ë3ó. §ê3 ÙÇ3ÛÝ ïÝï»ë3Ï3Ý ËÝ1Çñ ã¿, §¶3åñáÙ¦Á ÝáÛÝÇëÏ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ ·áñÍ31ñ»É, ë3 3ÛÝ μ3ó3éÇÏ, Ù»Ý3ßÝáñÑ3ÛÇÝ ÙÇ3Ï ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ ¿, 3é3çÇÏ3Û 20-30-50 ï3ñáõÙ ¿ÉÇ ·31⁄2Ç ÙÇ3Ï Ù3ï3Ï3ñ3ñÁ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ, »õ ÷3ëïûñ¿Ý 20%-Á Çñ»Ý í3×3é»Éáí, 3Û1 3ÛÉÁÝïñ3ÝùÝ 3ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ ï3ÉÇë »Ý ûï3ñ »ñÏñÇ Ó»éùÁ áõ Ñ3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý ÏáÕÙÇ ÉÍ3ÏÝ»ñÁ Ýáõ31⁄2»óÝáõÙ »Ý¦:

îÝï»ë3·¿ïÇ μÝáõÃ3·ñÙ3Ùμ, §Ð3Ûèáõë·31⁄23ñ1¦Ç Ñ3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý μ3ÅÝ»Ù3ëÁ éáõë3Ï3Ý ÏáÕÙÇÝ í3×3é»ÉÝ áõÕÕ3ÏÇ Û3Ýó3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ¿a 3å3·3ÛÇ ß3ÑÁ ã·Çï3Ïó»É, áñÁ ÛÕÇ ¿ 3ÝÏ3ÝË3ï»ë»ÉÇ, μ31⁄2- Ù3ÃÇõ μ3ó3ë3Ï3Ý Ñ»ï»õ3ÝùÝ»ñáí:

2 ̧ð ́oæ2ÜÀ Ðð2Ä2ðôàôØ 3⁄4 Ð2Ø2¶àðÌ2ÎòoÈ è21⁄4Ø2¶oðÆÜoðÆ Ð2ðòàôØ

2Ýó3Í ï3ñÇ 3Ùñ3ÝÁ î3õáõßÇ Ù3ñ1⁄2Ç Ùûï3Ï3ÛùáõÙ 31ñμ»ç3Ý3Ï3Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ë3ÑÙ3ÝÁ Ñ3ï»É ¿ñ å3ÛÙ3Ý3·ñ3ÛÇÝ 1⁄2ÇÝÍ3é3ÛáÕ üÇñáõ1⁄2 ü3ñ3ç»õÁ, áí, Áëï ·»ñÇÝ»ñÇ, å3ï3Ý1Ý»ñÇ »õ 3ÝÛ3Ûï Ïá- ñ3ÍÝ»ñÇ Ñ3ñó»ñáí 1⁄2μ3ÕáõáÕ ÙÇç·»ñ3ï»ëã3Ï3Ý Û3ÝÓÝ3ÅáÕáíÇ 3ßË3ï3Ýù3ÛÇÝ ËÙμÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñ 2ñÙ¿Ý Î3åñÇ¿É»3ÝÇ, ó3ÝÏáõÃÇõÝ ¿ Û3ÛïÝ»É »ññáñ1 »ñÏÇñ ï»Õ3÷áËáõ»Éáõ Ù3ëÇÝ:

§2é3çÇÝ ÇëÏ ûñáõ3ÝÇó Ý3 åÝ1áõÙ ¿ñ, Ã¿ 3Û1 ù3ÛÉÇÝ 1ÇÙ»É ¿ Ùï31ñáõ3Í »õ Ýå3ï3Ï3ÛÇÝ¦, 3- ëáõÙ ¿ Î3åñÇ¿É»3ÝÁ:

¶»ñÇÝ»ñÇ, å3ï3Ý1Ý»ñÇ »õ 3ÝÛ3Ûï Ïáñ3ÍÝ»ñÇ Ñ3ñó»ñáí 1⁄2μ3ÕáõáÕ Û3ÝÓÝ3ÅáÕáíÇ 3ßË3-

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ï3Ýù3ÛÇÝ ËÙμÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ 3ëáõÙ ¿a 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ñùáõÙ »Ý 3Û1 »ñÏñáõÙ Ñ3Û é31⁄2- Ù3·»ñÇÝ»ñ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ÷3ëïÁ:

§ê3Ï3ÛÝ Ù»Ýù áõÝ»Ýù ÇÝýáñÙ3óÇ3 3õ»ÉÇ ù3Ý 90 Ñá·áõ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3Éa ï3ñμ»ñ ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ 3Ý- Û3Ûï Ïáñ3ÍÝ»ñÇ Ù3ëÇÝ: ÆÑ3ñÏ¿, í»ñçÇÝ ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ß3ï 1Åáõ3ñ3ó»É ¿ Ù»ñ 3ßË3ï3ÝùÁ 3Ûë 3éáõ- Ùáí, áñáíÑ»ï»õ μ3ó3ñÓ3Ï å3ßïûÝ3Ï3Ý Ï3å»ñ ãÏ3Ý 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý Û3ÝÓÝ3Åá- ÕáíÇ, Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý å»ï3Ï3Ý Ï3éáÛóÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ó3ÝÏ3ó3Í Ñ3ñóáí Ññ3Å3ñõáõÙ »Ý Ù»1⁄2 Ñ»ï Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ïó»Éáõó¦, ÁÝ1·Í»ó Î3åñÇ¿É»3ÝÁ:

ú ́2Ø2, äàôîÆÜ oô úÈÈ2Ü ̧ Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÆÜ oô 2 ̧ð ́oæ2ÜÆÜ Îàâ oÜ 2ðoÈ ÄàÔàìàôð ̧ÜoðÆÜ Ê2Ô2ÔàôÂo2Ü Ü2Ê2ä2îð2êîoÈ

Ô3ñ3μ3Õ»3Ý Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõÃ»3Ý Ï3ñ·3õáñÙ3Ùμ 1⁄2μ3ÕáõáÕ o2ÐÎ ØÇÝëÏÇ ÊÙμÇ Ñ3Ù3Ý3Ë3- ·3Ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ 3é3çÝáñ1Ý»ñÁ Ñ3Ù3ï»Õ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃ»3Ùμ »Ý Ñ3Ý1¿ë »Ï»É:

ÆÝãå¿ë Ñ3Õáñ1áõÙ ¿ Îñ»ÙÉÇ Ù3ÙáõÉÇ Í3é3ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ, ìÉ31ÇÙÇñ äáõïÇÝÇ, ́3ñ3ù úμ3Ù3ÛÇ »õ üñ3Ýëáõ3 úÉÉ3Ý1Ç Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝáõÙ 3ëõáõÙ ¿. §Ø»Ýùa o2ÐÎ ØÇÝëùÇ ÊáõÙμÇ Ñ3Ù3Ý3Ë3·3Ñ »ñ- ÏÁñÝ»ñÇ 3é3çÝáñ1Ý»ñë, ÏÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»Ýù 3ç3Ïó»É Õ3ñ3μ3Õ»3Ý Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõÃ»3Ý ÏáÕÙ»ñÇÝa Ï3- ÛáõÝ »õ Ë3Õ3Õ Ï3ñ·3õáñÙ3Ý Ñ3ñóáõÙ: Ø»Ýù Ù»ñ ËáñÇÝ ÑÇ3ëÃ3÷áõÃÇõÝÝ »Ýù 3ñï3Û3ÛïáõÙ, áñ μ3- Ý3Ïó3ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óáõÙ ÷áË3Ý3Ï Ñ3Ù3ï»Õ Ñ»ï3ùñùñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ3Û ÑÇÙÝáõ3Í ËÝ1ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙ ·ïÝ»ÉáõÝ, ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»É »Ý Ó·ï»É ÙÇ3ÏáÕÙ3ÝÇ ß3Ñ ëï3Ý3ÉáõÝ:

§Ü3ËÏÇÝÇ å¿ë íëï3Ñ »Ýù, áñ í»ñçÇÝ 4 ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ Ù»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ 3ñ3Í Û3Ûï3ñ3- ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ 3éÏ3Û 1ñáÛÃÝ»ñÁ å¿ïù ¿ ÑÇÙù Ñ3Ý1Çë3Ý3Ý Õ3ñ3μ3Õ»3Ý Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõÃ»3Ý 3ñ- 13ñ »õ Ï3ÛáõÝ Ï3ñ·3õáñÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ: 2Û1 1ñáÛÃÝ»ñÁ å¿ïù ¿ 1Çï3ñÏ»É áñå¿ë Ù¿Ï 3ÙμáÕçáõÃÇõÝ, ù3- ÝÇ áñ Çõñ3ù3ÝãÇõñ ÷áñÓa áõÕÕáõ3Í 1ñ3ÝóÇó Ù¿ÏÇÝ Ý3Ë3å3ïáõáõÃÇõÝÁ ï3ÉáõÝ, μ3ó3éáõÙ ¿ Ñ3õ3- ë3ñ3Ïßéáõ3Í áñáßáõÙ Ï3Û3óÝ»Éáõ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÁ:

§Ð3ëï3ïáõÙ »Ýù, áñ ÙÇ3ÛÝ μ3Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí Ï3ñ·3õáñáõÙÁ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ Ë3Õ3Õáõ- Ã»3Ý, Ï3ÛáõÝáõÃ»3Ý »õ Ñ3ßï»óÙ3Ý Û3Ý·»óÝ»Éa ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3Ý3ÛÇÝ 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3Ý »õ Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ï- óáõÃ»3Ý ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáí: è31⁄2Ù3Ï3Ý áõÅÇ ÏÇñ3éáõÙÁ, áñÇ 3ñ1ÇõÝùáõÙ ëï»ÕÍáõ»É ¿ 3é×3Ï3ïÙ3Ý »õ 3ÝÏ3ÛáõÝáõÃ»3Ý 3Ûë íÇ×3ÏÁ, ËÝ1ÇñÁ ãÇ ÉáõÍÇ: è31⁄2Ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñëÏëáõÙÁ 3Õ¿ï3ÉÇ Ñ»ï»õ3ÝùÝ»ñ ÏÿáõÝ»Ý3Û ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3ÝÇ μÝ3ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ »õ Ù3ñ1Ï3ÛÇÝ 1⁄2áÑ»ñÇ, Û»ï3·3Û ÏáñÍ3ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ, ÷3Ëëï3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇ 3×Ç 3õ»É3óÙ3Ý, 3Ñé»ÉÇ ýÇÝ3Ýë3Ï3Ý Í3Ë- ë»ñÇ å3ï×3é ÏÁ 13éÝ3Û: Ø»Ýù Ñ3ëï3ï3Ï3Ùûñ¿Ý μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ»ñÇÝ Ïáã »Ýù 3ÝáõÙ »õë Ù¿Ï 3Ý·3Ù Ñ3ëï3ï»É Ñ»ÉëÇÝÏ»3Ý ëÏ1⁄2μáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ3õ3ï3ñÇÙ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ, Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ëa áõÅ ãÏÇ- ñ3é»É Ï3Ù ÝÙ3Ý ëå3éÝ3ÉÇùÝ»ñáí Ñ3Ý1¿ë ã·3É, Û3ñ·»É »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ï3ñ3Íù3ÛÇÝ 3ÙμáÕç3Ï3Ýáõ- ÃÇõÝÝ áõ ÅáÕáíáõñ1Ý»ñÇ Çñ3õ3Ñ3õ3ë3ñáõÃ»3Ý »õ ÇÝùÝáñáßÙ3Ý Çñ3õáõÝùÁ: Îáã »Ýù 3ÝáõÙ Ý3»õ 1⁄2»ñÍ ÙÝ3É ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó »õ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó, áñáÝù Ï3ñáÕ »Ý 3õ»É3óÝ»É ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3- ÝáõÙ 3éÏ3Û É3ñáõ3ÍáõÃÇõÝÝ áõ Ýå3ëï»É Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõÃ»3Ý ¿ëÏ3É3óÇ3ÛÇÝ: Ô»Ï3í3ñÝ»ñÁ ÅáÕá- íáõñ1Ý»ñÇÝ å¿ïù ¿ Ë3Õ3ÕáõÃ»3Ý, 3ÛÉ áã Ã¿ å3ï»ñ31⁄2ÙÇ Ý3Ë3å3ïñ3ëï»Ý:

§Ø»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñÁ å3ïñ3ëï »Ý Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ïó»É ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ë3Ï3ÛÝ Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõÃ»3ÝÁ í»ñç 1Ý»Éáõ å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýñ3Ýó íñ3Û ¿: Ø»Ýù Ëáñ3å¿ë Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõ3Í »Ýù, áñ ËÝ1ñÇ ÉáõÍ- Ù3Ý Û»ï3·3Û Ó·Ó·áõÙÝ 3ÝÁÝ1áõÝ»ÉÇ ¿ »õ Ïáã »Ýù 3ÝáõÙ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ »õ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇ 3é3çÝáñ1Ý»ñÇÝ Ýáñ ¿Ý»ñ·Ç3Ûáí Ï»ÝïñáÝ3Ý3É 3é3ÛÅÙ μ3ó ÙÝ3ó3Í Ñ3ñó»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ3Ý íñ3Û¦:

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FREEDOM HOUSE. ̈ Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÀ ́2ðoÈ2ôoÈ 3⁄4 Æð ÄàÔàìð ̧2ì2ðàôÂo2Ü ì2ðÎ2ÜÆÞÀ

Freedom House ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Çñ3õ3å3ßïå3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÁ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï»É ¿ §2ÝóáõÙ3- ÛÇÝ Þñç3ÝÇ oñÏñÝ»ñÁ¦ ï3ñ»Ï3Ý 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÁ, áñÁ ÝÏ3ñ3·ñáõÙ ¿, Ã¿ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñáõÃ»3Ý 3éáõÙáí Ç±Ýã ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó»É oõñáå3ÛÇ »õ Î»ÝïñáÝ3Ï3Ý 2ëÇ3ÛÇ 3ÝóáõÙ3ÛÇÝ ÷áõÉáõÙ ·ïÝáõáÕ 29 »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ, Ñ3Õáñ1áõÙ ¿ §21⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝ¦ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÁ:

1⁄4»ÏáÛóÝ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõÙ ¿ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñáõÃ»3Ý íÇ×3ÏÇ ï3·Ý3å3ÉÇ í3ïÃ3ñ3óáõÙ áÕç oõ- ñ3ëÇ3ÛáõÙ, Ù3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝ»Éáí, áñ 2012 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ μéÝ3ïÇñ3Ï3Ý é»ÅÇÙÝ»ñÁ oõñ3ëÇ3ÛáõÙ 3ÏïÇõûñ¿Ý å3Ûù3ñ»É »Ý ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ 1¿Ù:

ÀÝ1Ñ3Ýáõñ 3Ûë μ3ó3ë3Ï3Ý ÙÇïáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù¿ç, ë3Ï3ÛÝ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ 3é3ÝÓÝ3ÝáõÙ ¿ 1ñ3Ï3Ý ï»Õ3ß3ñÅáí »õ 3ÛÝ í»ó »ñÏñÝ»ñÇó Ù¿ÏÝ ¿, áñ μ3ñ»É3õ»É ¿ Çñ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñáõÃ»3Ý í3ñÏ3ÝÇßÁ:

ØÝ3Éáí Ñ3Ý1»ñÓ ÏÇë3μéÝ3å»ï3Ï3Ý »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ß3ñùáõÙ, 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ»ÕÇÝ3ÏÝ»ñÁ ÝßáõÙ »Ý, áñ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ 3Ûë ï3ñÇ 3é3çÁÝÃ3ó ¿ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ»Éa ßÝáñÑÇõ Ý3ËÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý ßñç3ÝáõÙ Éñ3ïáõ3Ï3Ý 13ßïáõÙ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÇ μ3ñ»É3õÙ3Ý »õ 1⁄2ñå3ñïáõÃ»3Ý Ù»Õ31ñ3Ýùáí Û3ñáõóáõ3Í ·áñÍ»ñÇ 1⁄2·3ÉÇ Ïñ×3ïÙ3Ý: 1⁄4»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ 3ÝÏ3ËáõÃ»3Ý 3éáõÙáí 3é3çÁÝ- Ã3ó 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ3Í ÙÇ3Ï »ñÏÇñÝ ¿:

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3é3çÁÝÃ3óÁ 1⁄2»ÏáÛóáõÙ Ï3åõáõÙ ¿ Ý3»õ 2012 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝï- ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: §2ÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï, »ñμ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÁ 3·ñ»ëÇõ Ï»ñåáí ×ÝßáõÙ ¿ñ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ÁÝ11Ç- ÙáõÃ»3ÝÁ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÝ áõ ìñ3ëï3ÝÁ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ 3ÝóÏ3óñ»óÇÝ Ýáñ ÁÝïñ3- Ï3Ý ûñ¿Ýë1ñáõÃ»3ÝÁ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý, áñÁ Û3ïÏ3å¿ë Ï3ñ»õáñáõÙ ¿ Ã»ÏÝ3ÍáõÝ»ñÇ Ñ3õ3ë3ñ ÑÝ3- ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁa Ý3ËÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ñ3ë3Ý»ÉÇáõÃ»3Ý »õ Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí Éáõë3μ3Ý- Ù3Ý 3éáõÙáí¦, ÝßáõÙ ¿ Freedom House-Á:

Freedom House-Á ÷3ëïáõÙ ¿ Ý3»õ, áñ í3ñã3Ï3Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ã3ñ3ß3ÑáõÙÁ »õ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»- ñÇ ûñÁ ï»Õ ·ïÝáÕ Ë3ËïáõÙÝ»ñÁ 3Ûë ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ¿É áñáß ã3÷áí å3Ñå3Ýáõ»É »Ý, ë3Ï3ÛÝ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýáõñ 3éÙ3Ùμ 3ÛÉÁÝïñ3ÝùÇ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÁ Ù»Í3ó»É ¿, »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ ¿É 3õ»ÉÇ Ý»ñÏ3Û3- óáõóã3Ï3Ý ûñ¿Ý1Çñ Ù3ñÙÇÝÝ»ñ »Ý Ó»õ3õáñáõ»É: Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3Ù ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ Ð3Û 21⁄2- ·3ÛÇÝ ÎáÝ·ñ¿ëÁ ï»Õ»ñ ¿ ëï3ó»É 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíáõÙ »õ ëÏë»É ¿ Ù3ëÝ3Ïó»É ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ 3ßË3- ï3ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ:

1⁄4»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ»ÕÇÝ3ÏÝ»ñÁ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ, ÝÏ3ïáõÙ »Ý, áñ ï3ñ»í»ñçÇÝ »ñÏáõ ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3Ý ÁÝ11ÇÙ31ÇñÝ»- ñÇ 3Ýμ3ó3ïñ»ÉÇ áñáßáõÙÁ 2013 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ë»÷3Ï3Ý Ã»ÏÝ3Íáõ ã3é3ç31ñ»Éáõ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É, ÷ßñ»É ¿ ÇëÏ3å¿ë Ùñó3Ïó3ÛÇÝ å3Ûù3ñ áõÝ»Ý3Éáõ ÛáÛë»ñÁ:

Freedom House-Á ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ 3é3çÁÝÃ3ó ¿ ÝÏ3ï»É Ý3»õ ìñ3ëï3ÝáõÙ, Ýß»Éáí, áñ ́Ç- ÓÇÝ3 Æí3ÝÇßíÇÉÇÇ ·ÉË3õáñ3Í ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ 13ßÇÝùÇ 3Ýëå3ë»ÉÇ Û3ÕÃ3Ý3ÏÁ 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3Ù ìÁ- ñ3ëï3ÝáõÙ Û3Ý·»óñ»ó ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí Ë3Õ3Õ ÇßË3Ý3÷áËáõÃ»3Ý:

Ð3Ï3é3ÏÁa àõÏñ3ÇÝ3ÛáõÙ »õ èáõë3ëï3ÝáõÙ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùÁ 3Û1 »ñÏáõ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ í3ñÏ3ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ 3ÝÏÙ3Ý å3ï×3é ¿ Ñ3Ý1Çë3ó»É:

Ü. 1⁄4àÐð2 ́o2ÜÆÜ.- §àð ́àÈàð ̧ êàôð ́ 3⁄4ø, ́2 oÎoÔoòàô Ê2âÀ à±ì ¶àÔ2ò2ô¦

2Ä § ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ý¦ ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ù3ñïáõÕ3ñ Ü3Çñ3 1⁄4áÑñ3μ»3ÝÇ Ùûï ì»ñ3ÑÁë-

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Ü3Çñ3 1⁄4áÑñ3μ»3Ý

ÏÇã ä3É3ïÇ Ñ3ßáõ»ïáõáõÃ»3ÝÁ »õ 1ñ3 ßáõñç ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ ûñ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í ùÝÝ3ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÛÇß»óÝáõÙ »Ý Û3ÛïÝÇ 3Ý»Ï1áïÁ, áñ § ́áÉáñ1 ëáõñμ ¿ù, μ3 »Ï»Õ»óáõ Ë3ãÁ á±í ·áÕ3ó3õ¦:

§2ÝÏ»ÕÍ 3ë3Ía Ù»Í ¿ñ ·3ÛÃ3ÏÕáõÃÇõÝÁ, áñ »ë »ÉáÛÃ áõÝ»Ý3ÛÇ áõ Ñ3ñóÝ¿Ça 3Û1 Ýáñ ÇÙ3ó3±ù, áñ μÇõç¿Ý Ã3É3Ý- õáõÙ ¿, 3Û1 Ýáñ ÇÙ3ó3±ù, áñ »ñÏñáõÙ §3ïÏ3ïÁ¦ 13ñÓ»É ¿ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ùß3ÏáÛÃÇ 3Ù»Ý3ÏÇñ3é3Ï3Ý μ3éÁ:

́ÐÎ-3Ï3Ý å3ï·3Ù3õáñÁ 3Ý31⁄2ÝÇõ áõ 3Ý·3Ù ÏáÙ- ëáÙáÉ3Ï3Ý ¿ Ñ3Ù3ñáõÙ ì»ñ3ùÝÝÇã ä3É3ïÇ ùÝÝ3ñÏáõÙ- Ý»ñÇ ßáõñç áñáß Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñÇ »- ÉáÛÃÝ»ñÁ: §2Ý·3Ù áñáß Ñ3ñó»ñ áõ »ÉáÛÃÝ»ñ Ïþáñ3Ï¿Ç Ù3Ý-

Ï3å3ï3Ý»Ï3Ý: úñÇÝ3Ïa §ÆëÏ 1áõù ÇÝãå¿±ë ÏÁ ·Ý3Ñ3ï¿ù Ó»ñ ÇëÏ 3ßË3ï3ÝùÁ¦, Ï3Ùa §ÆëÏ Ç±Ýã 3Ý»É, áñ μÇõç¿Ý ãÃ3É3ÝáõÇ¦ »ÉáÛÃÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù áõÕÕ3ÏÇ 3Ýã3÷ 1⁄2áõ3ñ×3ÉÇ ¿ÇÝ¦, Ýß»ó Ü3Çñ3 1⁄4áÑ- ñ3μ»3ÝÁ, áõÙ Ñ3ñóñ»É ¿ÇÝù, Ã¿ á±ñÝ ¿ ì»ñ3ÑëÏÇã ä3É3ïÇ Ñ3ßáõ»ïáõáõÃ»3Ý ßáõñç ÝÙ3Ý 3ÏïÇ- õáõÃ»3Ý áõ 3Ý·3Ù ÐÐÎ-3Ï3Ý áõ úoÎ-3Ï3Ý å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ïñáõáÕ å»ï3Ï3Ý Ã3É3ÝÇ áõ ·3ÝÓ3·áÕáõÃ»3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ μÝáñáßáõÙÝ»ñÇ å3ï×3éÁ:

Ü3Çñ3 1⁄4áÑñ3μ»3ÝÁ ãÑ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ»ó 1Çï3ñÏÙ3Ý Ñ»ï, áñ ËÇëï ï3ñûñÇÝ3Ï ¿ñ ́ÐÎ-Ç Û3Ù3é ÉéáõÃÇõÝÁ, ÇÝãÁ ï3ñ3ï»ë3Ï Ù»ÏÝ3μ3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ 3éÇÃ ¿ 13ñÓ»É: §ÎñÏÇÝ åÇïÇ Ýß»Ù, áñ Û3ïáõÏ Íñ3·ñ3õáñáõ3Í »õ Ññ3Ñ3Ý·áõ3Í å3ëÇõáõÃÇõÝ ãÏ3Û: 2ÛÝ å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñÁ, áíù»ñ ó3ÝÏ3ÝáõÙ »Ý 3Ûë Ï3Ù 3ÛÝ Ñ3ñóÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É Çñ»Ýó ï»ë3Ï¿ïÝ»ñÁ Û3ÛïÝ»É, Û3ÛïÝáõÙ »Ý: â·Çï»Ù, Ã¿ Ç±Ýã áñ3ÏÇ »ÉáÛÃÝ»ñ ¿ù 3ÏÝÏ3ÉáõÙ ÇÙ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇó, ë3Ï3ÛÝ ï»ë3Ï¿ï »õ Ï3ñÍÇù Ù»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó Ùßï3å¿ë ÑÁÝ- ãáõÙ ¿¦, 3ë3ó å3ï·3Ù3õáñÁ:

ÚÇß»óÝ»Ýù, áñ ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñ 3é3ç3ñÏ»óÇÝ ì»ñ3ÑëÏÇã ä3É3ïÇÝ ï3É 3é3õ»É ·áñÍáõÝ Ù»Ë3ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ña å»ï3Ï3Ý μÇõç¿Ç Ã3É3ÝÁ Ï3ÝË»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

Üàð 1⁄42ð¶2òàôØÜoð §úüÞàð2ÚÆÜ¦ ¶àðÌàôØ

Üáña áõß3·ñ3õ Ù3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝ»ñ »Ý Ç Û3Ûï »Ï»É 3Ûëå¿ë Ïáãáõ3Í §ûýßáñ3ÛÇÝ¦ ëÏ3Ý13É3ÛÇÝ ·áñ- ÍáõÙ: Ð»ï3Ëáõ1⁄2Ù3Ý Ù¿ç ·ïÝáõáÕ 2ßáï êáõùÇ3ë»3ÝÁ Ñ3Ý1¿ë ¿ »Ï»É Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃ»3Ùμ, Ã¿ ÇÝùÝ ¿ ÏÇåñáë»3Ý Û3ÛïÝÇ ûýßáñ3ÛÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃ»3Ý ëï»ÕÍáÕÁ »õ 13 3ñ»É ¿ 3é3Ýó í3ñã3å»ï îÇ·ñ3Ý ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ áõ 2ñ3ñ3ï»3Ý Â»ÙÇ 3é3çÝáñ13Ï3Ý ÷áË3Ýáñ1 Ü3õ3ë3ñ1 2ñù»åÇëÏáåáë Î×áÛ»3ÝÇ ·ÇïáõÃ»3Ý:

àëïÇÏ3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ÚáõÝÇëÇ 17-ÇÝ Ù»Õ31ñ3Ýù ¿ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óñ»É 2ßáï êáõùÇ3ë»3ÝÇÝa 3é3ÝÓÝ3- å¿ë Ëáßáñ ã3÷»ñáí Ë3ñ13ËáõÃ»3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ, »õ Ýñ3 ÝÏ3ïÙ3Ùμ Ñ»ï3Ëáõ1⁄2áõÙ ¿ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»É: êáõù- Ç3ë»3ÝÁ Ù»Õ31ñõáõÙ ¿ ·áñÍ3ñ3ñ, §Ð3Û3ëï3Ý¦ Ñ3Ýñ3Ë3ÝáõÃÇ ë»÷3Ï3Ý3ï¿ñ ö3ÛÉ3Ï Ð3Ûñ3- å»ï»3ÝÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ Çõñ3óÝ»Éáõ Ù¿ç:

àõß3·ñ3õ ¿, áñ 3Û1 Ù»Õ31ñ3ÝùÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõ»ó ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁ Û3ñáõó»Éáõó 3ÙÇëÝ»ñ 3Ýó ÙÇ3ÛÝ, »õ 3ÛÝ ¿Éa §Ð»ïù¦ å3ñμ»ñ3Ï3ÝÇ Û3ÛïÝÇ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏáõÙÇó Û»ïáÛ, Áëï áñÇa êáõùÇ3ë»3ÝÁ Ð3Û- ñ3å»ï»3ÝÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ Çõñ3óñ»É ¿ ÏÇåñáë»3Ý ûýßáñ3ÛÇÝ ÙÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃ»3Ý ÙÇçáóáí, áñÇ ÑÇÙÝ31Çñ- Ý»ñÇó »Ý Ý3»õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ í3ñã3å»ïÝ áõ 2ñ3ñ3ï»3Ý Â»ÙÇ 3é3çÝáñ13Ï3Ý ÷áË3Ýáñ1Á:

§Ð»ïù¦-Á ï»Õ»Ï3óñ»ó, Ã¿ ¿É»ÏïñáÝ3ÛÇÝ ÷áëïáí Ý3Ù3Ï ¿ ëï3ó»É 2ßáï êáõùÇ3ë»3ÝÇó, áí ÝßáõÙ ¿, áñ 3Û1 ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ÇÝùÁ ëï»ÕÍ»É ¿ 3é3Ýó îÇ·ñ3Ý ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ áõ Ü3õ3ë3ñ1 2ñù»åÇëÏá- åáë Î×áÛ»3ÝÇ ·ÇïáõÃ»3Ý:

Ü3Ù3ÏÇ ÙÇ ûñÇÝ3ÏÝ ¿É êáõùÇ3ë»3ÝÁ áõÕ3ñÏ»É ¿ ·ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2 2Õáõ3Ý Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÇÝ:

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̧ÆÈÆæ2ÜÆ ̧äðàòÀ Î2ä àôÜÆ úüÞàðÆ± Ðoî

§ ̧ÇÉÇç3ÝÇ ØÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ̧åñáó¦-Ç í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ÏÝ3μ3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ð2Î å3ï·3Ù3õáñ ÜÇÏáÉ ö3ßÇÝ»3ÝÇÝ ëïÇåáõÙ »Ý Ùï3Í»É, áñ 3Ûë Íñ3·ÇñÝ áõ- ÕÇÕ Ï3å áõÝÇ í»ñç»ñë Í3·3Í ûýßáñ3ÛÇÝ ëÏ3Ý13ÉÇ Ñ»ï:

Àëï Ýñ3a ïå3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ 3ÛÝ ¿, áñ Ñ3ñÏ3ÛÇÝ, Ù3ùë3ÛÇÝ 3ñïûÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ »Ã¿ ãÉÇÝ»Ý, μ3ñ»- ñ3ñ èáõμ¿Ý ì3ñ13Ý»3ÝÁ ãÇ ëÏëÇ Íñ3·ÇñÁ. §ØÇ±Ã¿ ÙÇÝã ÐÐ ·3ÉÁ Ý3 ãÇ áõëáõÙÝ3ëÇñ»É Ñ3ñÏ3ÛÇÝ, Ù3ùë3ÛÇÝ Ù»ñ 13ßïÁ¦:

ä3ï·3Ù3õáñÁ ÁÝ1·Í»ó, áñ 1åñáó3ßÇÝ3Ï3Ý 3Ûë Íñ3·ÇñÁ ëÏëáõ»É ¿ñ 1»é 3Ûë ï3ñáõ3Û ÚáõÝ- áõ3ñÇÝ áõ ÙÇÝã í»ñç»ñë èáõμ¿Ý ì3ñ13Ý»3ÝÁ 3ñïûÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ï3åáõ3Í áñ»õ¿ Ñ3ñó ã¿ñ μ3ñÓ- ñ3óñ»É. §Ð3ñó ¿ Í3·áõÙa Ç±Ýã ¿ ÷áËáõ»É: ØÇ μ3Ý ¿ ÷áËáõ»Éa í3ñã3å»ïÇ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáõÃ»3Ùμ, Î×áÛ»3- ÝÇ ûñÑÝáõÃ»3Ùμ áÙÝ 2ßáï êáõùÇ3ë»3ÝÁ ï3ëÁ ÙÉÝ. 1áÉ3ñ ¿ ·ó»É èáõμ¿Ý ì3ñ13Ý»3ÝÇÝ, áñÁ §2Ù»ñ- Ç3¦ μ3ÝÏÇ ËáñÑñ1Ç Ý3Ë3·3ÑÝ ¿: ÆëÏ 3Ûë μ3ÝÏÇ 3ÝáõÝÁ Ï3åáõ3Í ¿ ûýßáñ3ÛÇÝ ëÏ3Ý13ÉÇ Ñ»ï¦:

Ü3 ÁÝ1·Í»ó, áñ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ÙÇßï »ñ3ßËÇùÝ»ñ »Ý ïáõ»É μ3ñ»ñ3ñÇÝ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ Ýñ3 Ñ3Ù- μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÁ Éóáõ»É ¿, »ñμ §Ð»ïù¦ å3ñμ»ñ3Ï3ÝáõÙ ïå3·ñáõ»É ¿ Û3ÛïÝÇ Ûû1áõ3ÍÁ ûýßáñ3ÛÇÝ ëÏ3Ý- 13ÉÇ Ù3ëÇÝ. §êï3óõáõÙ ¿, áñ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ μ3ÝÏÇÝ, 3ÛÉ»õ 3ÝÓ3Ùμ èáõμ¿Ý ì3ñ13Ý»3ÝÇÝ »Ý ·ó»É: Æñ3- 13ñÓáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Û»ï3·3ÛáõÙ 1⁄23ñ·3ó»É »Ý ëáõå»ñ 3ñ3·áõÃ»3Ùμ, 13 ¿ å3ï×3éÁ, áñ Ã¿° Ï3é3í3- ñáõÃÇõÝÁ, Ã¿ 2Ä-Ý Ó·ïáõÙ »Ý Ññ3ï3å ÉáõÍáõÙ áõ ùáõ¿ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝ ÉÇÝÇ 3Ûë Ý3Ë3·ÍÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É¦:

ä3ñáÝ ö3ßÇÝ»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó, áñ ÇÝùÁ 1¿Ù ¿ ùáõ¿3ñÏ»Éáõ Ý3Ë3·ÍÇÝ. §2ÝÏ»ÕÍ 3ë3Ía ÇÙ Ñ3- Ù3Ïñ3ÝùÁ ·áñÍ3ñ3ñÇ ÏáÕÙÝ ¿, ë3Ï3ÛÝ »ë ã»Ù áõ1⁄2áõÙ, áñ í3ñã3å»ïÇ áõ Î×áÛ»3ÝÇ ûñÑÝáõÃ»3Ùμ ·óáõ3Í ÷áÕ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ í×3ñÇ Ñ3Û ÅáÕáíáõñ1Á: 2Ûë ûñ¿ÝùÁ Û»ï313ñÓ áõÅáí ¿ ÙïÝáõÙ áõÅÇ Ù¿ç, ÇÝãá±õ å¿ïù ¿ ÐÐ-Ý áõñÇßÝ»ñÇ ÷áË3ñ¿Ý ·áõÙ3ñÝ»ñ í»ñ313ñÓÝÇ¦:

øàâ2ðo2Ü-ê2ð¶êo2Üa à±ôØ Ä2Ø2Ü2Î 2ôoÈÆ Þ2î ̧2ôÆÂ Ø2ÜàôÎo2Ü

ì»ñ3ÑëÏÇã ä3É3ïÇ áõëáõÙÝ3ëÇñáõÃÇõÝÁ ïñ3Ù3·Íûñ¿Ý Ñ3Ï3ëáõÙ ¿ ÁÝ13Ù¿ÝÁ Ù¿ÏáõÏ¿ë 3ÙÇë 3é3ç »ñÏñÇ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÇ 3ñ3Í 3ÛÝ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃ»3ÝÁ, Ã¿ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ Çñ 3éç»õ 1ñ3Í ÑÇÙÝ3- Ï3Ý ËÝ1ÇñÁ Ï3ï3ñ»É ¿, áõëïÇ »õ 3Û1 Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñÇÝ áõ Ýñ3 ÃÇÙÇÝ ãíëï3Ñ»Éáõ ÑÇÙù ãÏ3Û: 2ÛÝ å3ÑÇÝ, »ñμ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÙ ¿ñ 3Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ, ì»ñ3ÑëÏÇã ä3É3ïÇ Ñ3ßáõ»ïÁ- õáõÃÇõÝÁ Ã¿å¿ï 1»é Ññ3å3ñ3Ïáõ3Í ã¿ñ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ áõëáõÙÝ3ëÇñáõÃÇõÝÝ 3ñ1¿Ý 3ñáõ3Í ¿ñ: Ð3Û3ëï3- ÝÇ å»ï3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·áõÙ ·áñÍáÕ ÑÇ»ñ3ñËÇ3ÛáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ Ï3ÝáÝÝ»ñÁ ÃáÛÉ »Ý ï3ÉÇë åÝ1»É, áñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ íëï3Ñ3μ3ñ ï»Õ»3Ï ¿ »Õ»É, áñ 2012 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ 3Û1 ÝáÛÝ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý í3ï 3ßË3ï3ÝùÇ å3ï×3éáí å»ïáõÃ»3ÝÁ 70 ÙÉñ1. 1ñ3ÙÇ íÝ3ë ¿ñ å3ï×3éáõ»É:

2Ä 3ñï3Ñ»ñÃ ÝÇëïÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï ï3ñ3Íù3ÛÇÝ Ï3é3í3ñÙ3Ý Ý3Ë3ñ3ñ 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ, 3ñ- Ó3·3Ý·»Éáí ìä Ý»ñÏ3Û3óñ3Í ã3ñ3ß3ÑáõÙÝ»ñÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É Þ3ñÙ31⁄23ÝáíÇ Ñ3ñóÇÝ, áõß3·ñ3õ å3ï3ëË3Ý ¿ ïáõ»É.

§ÊÝ1ÇñÝ»ñ ÙÇ3ÛÝ 2012-ÃáõÇÝ ã»Ý 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõ»É: ̧ñ3Ýù 3ñÙ3ï3ó3Í »Ý ï3ëÝ3Ù»3ÏÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ: Ð3ßáõ»ïáõáõÃ»3Ùμ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõ3Í μáÉáñ ËÝ1ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ù3ëáí Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý ÙÇçáó- Ý»ñ »Ý Ó»éÝ3ñÏáõ»É: 2Û1 Ù3ëáí ·áñÍáÕ ûñ¿Ýë1ñáõÃÇõÝÁ 3Ù»Ý3Ï3ï3ñ»3ÉÁ ã¿, μ3Ûó 3ÛÝå¿ë ã¿, áñ

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åÇõï×¿Ç Ï3ï3ñÙ3Ý ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ï»ÕÇ »Ý áõÝ»ÝáõÙ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ É3ÛÝ3Í3õ3É ÷áßÇ3óáõÙ »õ åÇõï×¿- ï3ÛÇÝ ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÝ»ñÁ ï»ÕÇ »Ý áõÝ»ÝáõÙ Ù3ëßï3μ3ÛÇÝ ÏáéáõåóÇáÝ 1ñë»õáñáõÙÝ»ñáí¦:

2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý 3ÛÝ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñÇó ¿, áí 3éÝáõ31⁄2Ý Ù¿Ï ï3ëÝ3Ù»3Ïa ëÏë3Í 1»é»õë èáμ»ñï øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ å3ßïûÝ3í3ñÙ3Ý ßñç3ÝÇó, å»ï3Ï3Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ßñç3åïáÛïÇ íñ3Û 3ÝÙÇç3Ï3Ý 31⁄21»óáõÃÇõÝ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É: ̧»é»õë ÙÇÝã»õ ÷áË-í3ñã3å»ï Ýß3Ý3Ïáõ»ÉÁa 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÇ 3ßË3ï3Ï31⁄2ÙÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ ¿ñ: Ú3ÛïÝÇ ¿, áñ 3ÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï å»ï3Ï3Ý μáÉáñ ýÇÝ3ÝëÝ»- ñÇ í»ñ3ÑëÏáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ øáã3ñ»3ÝÁ íëï3ÑáõÙ ¿ñ Ñ»Ýó Çñ 3ßË3ï3Ï31⁄2ÙÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñ 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3- ÝÇÝ: Üñ3Ý ¿ÇÝ í»ñ3·ñõáõÙ Ý3»õ 3ÛÝ ëïáõ»ñ3ÛÇÝ ·áõÙ3ñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù å»ï3Ï3Ý ÉÍ3ÏÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇõ Ýå3ëïáõÙ ¿ÇÝ èáμ»ñï øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ ÁÝï3Ý»Ï3Ý μÇ1⁄2Ý»ëÇ μ3ñ·3õ3×Ù3ÝÁ: ÐÇÙ3 ÷3ëï3óÇ 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÙ ¿, áñ åÇõï×¿Çó 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3ÙÁ ã¿, áñ ·áõÙ3ñÝ»ñ »Ý ÷áßÇ3óõáõÙ, »õ 13 Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç »õ ûñ¿Ýë1ñáõÃ»3Ý ËÝ1ÇñÝ ¿:

ö3ëï3óÇ 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ Ûëï3Ï ·ÇïÇ, Ã¿ ÇÝãå¿±ë Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ÷áßÇ3óÝ»Éa 3é3Ýó å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõáõÃ»3Ý: Ø3ñ1Á å3ñ1⁄2 3ëáõÙ ¿, áñ 3Û1å¿ë ¿ »Õ»É ÙÇßï, å»ï3Ï3Ý ÷áÕ»ñÁ ÙÇßï ¿É ã3ñ3ß3Ñáõ»É »Ý: Ð3ñóa »Ã¿ å3ñ1⁄2 ¿, áñ å3ï×3éÁ ûñ¿ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ï3Ù Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç Çñ3õ3Ï3Ý μ3ó»ñÝ áõ ï3ñÁÝÃ»ñóáõÙÝ»ñÝ »Ý, 3å3 ÇÝùÁa 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ áñå¿ë ÷áË-í3ñã3å»ï, ÇëÏ 1ñ3ÝÇó 3é3ç ¿É Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3ÝÇ Ï3ñ»õáñ å3ßïûÝ»3Û, Ç±Ýã ¿ 3ñ»É, áñ 3Û1 ÁÝÃ»ñóáõÙÝ»ñÁ í»ñ3Ý3Ý, »õ ëï»ÕÍáõÇ 3ÛÝåÇëÇ å»ï3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·, áñï»Õ å»ï3Ï3Ý åÇõï×¿Ç ·áõÙ3ñÝ»ñÁ ÷áßÇ3óÝ»Éáõ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ Ýáõ31⁄23·áÛÝÇ Ñ3ëóáõÇ Ï3Ù μ3ó3éáõÇ:

àã ÙÇ3ÛÝ ìä-Ç »õ í»ñ3ÑëÏáÕ 3ÛÉ Ù3ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÝÙ3Ý Ë3ËïáõÙÝ»ñ ÙÇßï ¿É Û3ÛïÝ3μ»ñ- õáõÙ »Ý: Æ±Ýã ù3ÛÉ»ñ áõ Ñ»ï»õáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Ý 3ñáõ»Éa ÷áßÇ3óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù3ëÇÝ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï3Ï3Ý μ3ó3Û3Û- ïáõÙÝ»ñÇó Û»ïáÛ:

¶¿áñ·»3ÝÝ 3ë»É ¿, áñ ÇÝùÁ ãÇ ïÇñ3å»ïáõÙ Ûëï3Ï ïáõ»3ÉÝ»ñÇa 3ñ1»ûù ã3ñ3ß3ÑáõÙÝ»ñÇ Í3- õ3ÉÁ ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ å3Ï3ë»±É ¿, Ã¿a Ýáõ31⁄2»É: ê3 Ã»ñ»õë 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ 3Ù»Ý3×3- Ï3ï3·ñ3Ï3Ý Ñ3ñóÝ ¿, áñÇÝ ÏáÝÏñ»ï å3ï3ë3Ë3Ý»Éáõó Ý3 Ë»É3Ùïûñ¿Ý Ëáõë3÷»É ¿: oÃ¿, ûñÇ- Ý3Ï, ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ¿ñ, áñ ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ Ýáõ31⁄2»É ¿ å»ï3Ï3Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ÷áßÇ3óáõ- ÙÁ, 13 ÏÁ Ýß3Ý3Ï¿ñ, áñ øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï å»ï3Ï3Ý Ã3É3ÝÝ 3õ»ÉÇ μ3ñÓñ Ù3Ï3ñ13ÏÇ íñ3Û ¿ »Õ»É: Þ3ï 3õ»ÉÇ áõß3·ñ3õ ÏÁ ÉÇÝ¿ñ, »Ã¿ ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ¿ñ, áñ å»ï3Ï3Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ÷áßÇ3- óáõÙÝ 3õ»É3ó»É ¿, ë3Ï3ÛÝ 3Û1 1¿åùáõÙ Ý3 ëïÇåáõ3Í ¿ñ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ áõÕÕ3ÏÇûñ¿Ý Ñ3Ï31ñáõ»É áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ 3ÛÝ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3ÝÁ, áñÇ ÃÇÙáõÙ ÇÝùÝ áõÝÇ Çñ Ï3ÛáõÝ ï»ÕÁ, 3ÛÉ»õ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇÝ:

ÜÙ3Ý ã3ñ13ñ3óáõ3Í éÇëÏÇ 2ñÙ¿Ý ¶¿áñ·»3ÝÁ íëï3Ñ3μ3ñ ã¿ñ ·Ý3Û, 3é3õ»É »õë, áñ ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3ËÏÇÝáõÙ, 3ÛÝå¿ë ¿É ÑÇÙ3 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã 3ñáõ»É »õ 3ñõáõÙ ¿, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ý 3ßË3ïÇ å»ïáõÃ»3Ý ÷áÕ»ñÁ Ã3É3Ý»Éáõ ëÏ1⁄2μáõÝùáí, ÇëÏ ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñ 3ñõáõÙ »Ý, Ýå3ëïáõÙ »Ý μ3ó3é3å¿ë Ù¿Ï Ýå3ï3ÏÇa 3õ»É3óÝ»É åÇõï×¿Ý Ã3É3Ý»Éáõ ûñÇÝ3Ï3Ý ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ:

2Ûë ÇÙ3ëïáí ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÝ áõ èáμ»ñï øáã3ñ»3ÝÝ 3é3ÝÓÝ3å¿ë Çñ3ñÇó ã»Ý ï3ñμ»ñõáõÙ, áõÕÕ3ÏÇ åÇõï×¿Ç ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý 3ñ1¿Ý ëå3éõáõÙ:

§Ð2ÚoÈÆ¦

2Ôàô2ÜÀ ÚàìÆÎÆÜ ÎÀ 1⁄4ðÎÆ± 2ÜÒoèÜØÊoÈÆàôÂÆôÜÆò Ü2ÚÆð2 Ð2ÚðàôØo2Ü

ÊáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÁ í»ñç3å¿ë ëÏë»É ¿ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ã3ïñáÝ ÛÇß»óÝ»É, ÇëÏ åñÇÙ3ÛÇ 1»ñÁ ëï3ÝÓÝ»É ¿ Ý3ËÏÇÝáõÙ ÏáõÉÇëÝ»ñÇ Û»ï»õáõÙ ·ïÝáõáÕ ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ: Ø3ñùëÇëï ̧3õÇÃ Ú3Ïáμ»3ÝÁ áë-

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ïÇÏ3Ý3å»ï ìáí3 ¶3ëå3ñ»3ÝÇÝ §Ù»Í 3ñïÇëï¦ ¿ 3Ýáõ3Ý»É, ÇëÏ Ù3ÙáõÉÁ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ §ÏÇùë¦Çó Û»ïáÛ Ýñ3Ý ÏÝù»É ¿ §í3ï 1»ñ3ë3Ý¦: oõ 13 Ï3ñÍ»ë Ã¿ ËÃ3Ý»É ¿ ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3- ÝÇ 1»ñ3ë3Ý3Ï3Ý áõÝ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: Æ í»ñçáÛ, Ñ3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý 3é3çÇÝ Ã3ïñáÝÁ »Õ»É ¿ Ýñ3 Ñ3Ûñ»ÝÇ 2ñ- ï3ß3ïáõÙ:

Èë»Éáí ì»ñ3ÑëÏÇã ä3É3ïÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ÆßË3Ý 1⁄43ù3ñ»3ÝÇ 3Õ3Õ3ÏáÕ Ù»ñÏ3óáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ ùÝÝ313ïáõÃ»3Ý ëáõñ ë3ÛñÝ áõÕÕ»É ¿ í3ñã3å»ïÇ áõÕÕáõÃ»3Ùμ: ̧3, ÇÑ3ñÏ¿, ÉÇáíÇÝ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3ÝáõÙ ¿ í3ñã3å»ïÇ 1Çñù»ñÁ ÃáõÉ3óÝ»Éáõ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÇ ó3ÝÏáõÃ»3ÝÁ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ ìä μ3ó3Û3ÛïáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï 13 áã ÙÇ Ï3å ãáõÝÇ:

ø3ÝÇ± Ù3ñ1 ¿ å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõáõÃ»3Ý »ÝÃ3ñÏáõ»É å»ï3Ï3Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Çõñ3óÙ3Ý áõ ÏáÕá- åáõïÇ μ3ó3Û3ÛïáõÙÝ»ñÇó Û»ïáÛ, 3ÝïÇÏ Ã3ïñáÝÇ á·áí μ3ó3Ï3Ýã»É ¿ ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ: Æß- Ë3Ý 1⁄43ù3ñ»3ÝÝ ¿É Ûá·Ý»É ¿ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»Éáõó, áñ μáÉáñ ·áñÍ»ñÁ 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõÃÇõÝ ¿ ÷áË3ÝóáõÙ, ÇëÏ ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÝ Çñ»Ý ·áñÍ»ñÁ Ñ»ï3ùÝÝ»Éáõ ÉÇ31⁄2ûñáõÃÇõÝ ãÇ ïáõ»É:

Àëï ïñ3Ù3μ3ÝáõÃ»3Ý, ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ, áñå¿ë ÙÇ Ù3ñÙÝÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñ, áñÁ Ýß3Ý3ÏáõÙ ¿ ·ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2ÇÝ, å¿ïù ¿ Ññ3õÇñ¿ñ 2Õáõ3Ý Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÇÝ »õ å3Ñ3Ýç¿ñ, áñ Ý3 å3ïÙÇ, Ã¿ ìä- Ç ÷áË3Ýó3Í ù3ÝÇ± ·áñÍ ¿ ÁÝÃ3óù ëï3ó»É, áñù3±Ý ·áõÙ3ñ ¿ í»ñ313ñÓáõ»É åÇõï×¿, á±õÙ »Ý å3ï- Å»É »õ Ç±Ýã »Ý å3ïñ3ëïõáõÙ 3Ý»É:

ê3Ï3ÛÝ Ï3°Ù 2Õáõ3Ý Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÝ ¿ 3ÝÑ3ë3Ý»ÉÇ ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ, Ï3Ù ¿É ËûëÝ3- ÏÁ ·ÇïÇ, áñ áã ÙÇ ·áñÍ ¿É ãÇ »Õ»É, »õ Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÁ ÙÇ3ÛÝ §3ÝÛ3ñÙ3ñ 1ñáõÃ»3Ý¦ Ù¿ç ÏÁ Û3ÛïÝáõÇ, »õ Ý3 ßñç3ÝóáõÙ ¿ ·ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2ÇÝ Ññ3õÇñ»Éáõ ïñ3Ù3μ3Ý3Ï3Ý å3Ñ3ÝçÁ:

Ð3ëÏ3Ý3ÉÇ ¿, áñ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ ãÇ ó3ÝÏ3ÝáõÙ, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç åÇõï×¿Ý ÙëËáÕÝ»ñÇÝ μ3ó3Û3Ûï»Ý, á- ñáíÑ»ï»õ Ýñ3Ýó Ù¿ç Ï3ñáÕ »Ý Û3ÛïÝáõ»É Çñ»Ý ß3ï Ùûï »õ å¿ïù3Ï3Ý Ù3ñ1ÇÏ, 31⁄2·3Ï3ÝÝ»ñ áõ ÏÉ3- ÝÇ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñ, ·áõó¿ Ý3»õ ÇÝùÝ 3ÝÓ3Ùμ, »õ áÕç 3Ûë 3ÕÙáõÏÁ ÙÇ3ÛÝ Ýñ3 Ñ3Ù3ñ ¿, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç §μ3ñÓ- ñ3óáõÇ ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ 1»ñÁ »õ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý 1¿ÙùÁ¦:

̧»é»õë 3Ýó»3É ê»åï»Ùμ»ñÇÝ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ Û3ïáõÏ ËáñÑñ13ÏóáõÃÇõÝ ¿ñ Ññ3õÇñ»É 3Ï- ï3ïÝ»ñÇ Ã»Ù3Ûáí, áñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ÝáÛÝå¿ë çÕ3ÛÇÝ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ÑÝã»óÇÝ: 9 3ÙÇë ¿ 3Ýó»É, 3Û1 ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ñ »ñ»Ë3Û ÍÝáõ»É, ÇëÏ 3ïÏ3ïÝ»ñÇ Ù¿ç 3Û1å¿ë ¿É áã Ù¿ÏÇÝ ãÙ»ñÏ3óñÇÝ:

2Õáõ3Ý Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÁ ÙÇ Ù»Í §ë¿Ûý¦ ¿ 13ñÓ»É, áñï»Õ å3ÑõáõÙ »Ý áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ Ñ3Û å3ßïûÝ»3Ý»ñÇ áõ áã å3ßïûÝ»3Ý»ñÇ íñ3Û ÏáÙåñáÙ3ïÝ»ñÁ, 3ÛÉ Ý3»õ Ýñ3Ýó ó3ÝÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, »ñ31⁄23ÝùÝ»ñÁa Çñ3- Ï3Ý3ó3Í »õ ãÇñ3Ï3Ý3ó3Í: 2Û1 §ë¿Ûý¦Á ·ñ»Ã¿ ãÇ μ3óõáõÙ, ÇÝãå¿ë ãÇ ß3ñÅõáõÙ 13ï3Ë31⁄2Ç 1¿ÙùÇ áñ»õ¿ ÙÏ3Ý, »ñμ Ý3 ËûëáõÙ ¿: ́3ó3éáõÃÇõÝ ¿ñ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ ·áñÍÁ, »ñμ Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÁ ÙÇ ùÇã Ý»3ñ13ÛÇÝ åÝ1áõÙ ¿ñ 1⁄2ñÏ»É Ýñ3Ý å3ï·3Ù3õáñ3Ï3Ý 3ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÇõÝÇó: 2ÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ 1⁄2·áõß3óñ»ó Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÇÝ, áñ »Ã¿ úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ Ù»ÕùÁ ã3å3óáõóáõÇ, 3å3 ·ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2Á å¿ïù ¿ å3ï3ëË3Ý ï3Û:

ÐÝ3ñ3õáñ ¿, ÚáíÇÏ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ ãÇ ó3ÝÏ3ÝáõÙ Ññ3õÇñ»É 2Õáõ3Ý Úáíë¿÷»3ÝÇÝ, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç Ýñ3Ý 3õ»Éáñ1 Ñ3ñó»ñ ãï3Ý, 3Û1 ÃõáõÙ úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ, í3ñã3å»ïÇ ûýßáñ3ÛÇÝ Ñ3ßÇõÝ»ñÇ »õ 3ÛÉ 3Õ- ÙÁÏáï ·áñÍ»ñáí: ÆÝãá±õ Ññ3õÇñ»Ýa ê»åï»Ùμ»ñÇÝ 3õ3ñïõáõÙ ¿ Ýñ3 ÉÇ31⁄2ûñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Å3ÙÏ¿ïÁ, Ýñ3 Ñ»ï Ñ3õ3Ý3Ï3Ý ¿ Ãáß3ÏÇ ÏÿáõÕ3ñÏ»Ý Ý3»õ 22Ì å»ï ¶áñÇÏ Ú3Ïáμ»3ÝÇÝ, 3ÛÝå¿ë áñ, ã3ñÅ¿ ÷×3óÝ»É Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ 3ÛÝ Ù3ñ1Ï3Ýó Ñ»ï, áíù»ñ ÚáíÇÏÇÝ 3õ»ÉÇ É3õ »Ý ×3Ý3ãáõÙ, ù3Ý Ý3a ÇÝù1⁄2ÇÝùÁ:

§Èð2¶Æð¦

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98 YEARS LATER THE MARTYRDOM OF “THE TWENTY” S.D. HUNCHAKIAN ACTIVISTS COMMEMORATED IN ISTANBUL MARCHING IN MEMORY OF THE 20-GALLOWS AT BAYAZID SQUARE

ISTANBUL, TURKEY – A panel discussion focusing on the historical significance and consequence of “The Twenty” Social Democrat Hunchak Armenian activists hung in Istanbul’s Sultan Bayazid Square on June 15, 1915, took place at Istanbul’s “Jezayir” Hall on Thursday, June 13th, 2013. The event marks the first time since 1921, that such a remembrance of the “The Twenty” was marked in Istanbul. The panel discussion was organized by various Turkish human rights organizations, and Turkish intellectuals, and is the first of two events commemorating “The Twenty,” culminating with commemorations to take place at Sultan Bayazid Square (Bayazit Meydani) on June 15, at 3 p.m.

Participants in the discussion included; from the organizing committee Ms Firdevs Periloglu, world renowned Turkish human rights activist and publisher Mr. Ragip Zarakolu, Turkish, socialist Mr. Mustafa Kahya, Mr. Masis Kurkcugil, as well as the Chairman of the S.D. Hunchak party Executive Committee of Lebanon Mr. Alexander Keushkerian. The event was attended by a variety of prominent intellectual Turks, Kurds and Armenians from Turkey, Armenia, and the Armenian Diaspora. Prior to the start of the panel discussion, a moment of silence was observed for the memory and to pay tribute to “The Twenty” Armenian activists who were hung by the Young Turk Ottoman government.

Mr. Zarakolu presented the important contribution S.D. Hunchak party members played within the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of socialist thought within it, drawing attention to the fact that the Hunchak party, with the Kum Kapu demonstration, was the first to organize such an action for social justice and equality for all within the Ottoman Empire. Zarakolu emphasized the interesting character, influence and important role of Paramaz (Matteos Sarkissian), the principal leader of “The Twenty,” not only to the socialist movements within the Ottoman Empire, but also within the Armenian community.

Mr. Kurkcugil posed the domestic policies pursued by the Ottoman Empire in its last decades, the negative

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standpoint towards political parties, specifically those left of center, and the implementation of the Armenian Genocide.

Mr. Kahya criticized not only the policies of the Ottoman Empire, but also the Republic of Turkey and its con- tinued denial of the Armenian Genocide. He called on Turkey to face its history, recognize the Armenian Genocide, and apologize to the generations of descendants of the Genocide victims, offer them Turkish citizenship, restoring their rights and compensating for and or returning their property, stating his wish to see a peaceful and prosperous “Armenio-Turkish Federative State.” Kahya noted that Armenians and the Armenian political parties have been the pioneers of Socialist thought within the region and Paramaz and his fellow Hunchak Party members have been at the forefront influencing political ideology and domestic policy not only within the Ottoman Empire but that of Republican Turkey.

Mr. Keushkerian delivered the S.D. Hunchak Party’s Central Committees communiqué, noting the importance of not only “The Twenty,” but the commemoration of their martyrdom organized by progressives within Turkish society. Turkish intellectuals and human rights activist should continue to examin, in a fair manner, Turkish history, and not be afraid to pronounce the truth by its correct description, as has been case in the last five years towards the reality of the Armenian Genocide, even under the threat of persecution.

Mr. Keushkerian stated, it is the hope of the SDHP, that the commemoration of “The Twenty” in Istanbul would establish a new found friendship which will result in triumph for the interests of justice and liberty.

On Saturday June 15 a special commemorative gathering was held at the site of the hanging of the 20 mar- tyries, where their photos and flowers were placed in memory.

KEY SUSPECT OF HRANT DINK MURDER CASE ARRESTED

ISTANBUL -- A key suspect in the investigation into the murder of the Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink has been arrested in the Black Sea province of Trabzon, with the trial due to restart from scratch in September following a Supreme Court ruling, The Hurriyet Daily News reports.

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Ersin Yolcu's arrest was carried out after the Supreme Court reversed the judgment on his release from jail. Yolcu is now again being held in Trabzon's Bahçeçik prison, pending the second trial.

Yolcu had been sentenced to 12 years and six month in prison, but was released in 2010 after the court ruled that there was not enough evidence proving that he was a "mem- ber of a terrorist organization." He was togeth- er with another key suspect, Ahmet Iskender.

Dink, the renowned editor-in-chief of Agos, was shot in front of his office in Istanbul on Jan. 19, 2007. The triggerman, Ogün Samast, 17-years-old at the time of the murder, and Yasin Hayal, who was charged of being the instigator of the assassination, were convicted of the murder.

However, following the five year trial, the court ruled on Jan. 17, 2012 that it saw no "deep state" role in the plotting of the assassination, despite serious claims that a number of civil servants were "indirectly" involved and documents indicating this.

The ruling was overturned a year later by the Supreme Court of Appeals, which led to prosecutors restarting their investigation into the murder.

ARMENIAN ASTROPHYSICISTS DETECT A NEW BRIGHT STAR

Astrophysicists at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and the Byurakan Observatory (Armenia) have detected a star of low luminosity which within a matter of moments gave off a flare so strong that it became almost 15 times brighter. The star in question is the flare star WX UMa, phys.org reports

“We recorded a strong flare of the star WX UMa, which became almost 15 times brighter in a matter of 160 seconds,” explains astrophysicist Vakhtang Tamazian, professor at the University of Santiago de Compostela. The finding has been published in the ‘Astrophysics’ journal.

This star is in the Ursa Major constellation, around 15.6 light years from the Earth, and it forms part of a bina- ry system. Its companion shines almost 100 times brighter, except at times such as that observed, in which the WX UMa gives off its flares. This can happen several times a year, but not as strongly as that which was recorded in this instance.

Dr Tamazian and other researchers detected this exceptional brightness from the Byurakan Observatory in Armenia. “Furthermore, during this period of less than three minutes the star underwent an abrupt change from spec- tral type M to B; in other words, it went from a temperature of 2,800 kelvin (K) to six or seven times more than that.”

Based on their spectral absorption lines, stars are classified using letters. Type M stars have a surface temper- ature of between 2,000 and 3,700 K; Type B between 10,000 and 33,000 K.

WX UMa belongs to the limited group of “flare stars”, a class of variable stars which exhibit increases in brightness of up to 100 factors or more within a matter of seconds or minutes. These increases are sudden and irreg- ular – practically random, in fact. They then return to their normal state within tens of minutes.

Scientists do not know how this flaring arises, but they know how it develops: “For some reason a small focus of instability arises within the plasma of the star, which causes turbulence in its magnetic field,” explains Tamazian. “A magnetic reconnection then occurs, a conversion of energy from the magnetic field into kinetic energy, in order to recover the stability of the flow, much like what happens in an electric discharge.”

Next, kinetic energy in the plasma transforms into thermal energy in the upper layers of the atmosphere and

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the star’s corona. This significant rise in the temperature and brightness of the star enables astronomers to detect changes in the radiation spectrum.

“Photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of this kind of flare stars is very relevant because it provides us with information about the changing states and physical processes, which are in turn key to studying the formation and evolution of stars,” Tamazian explains.

To carry out this study, in which flares in other binary systems (HU Del, CM Dra and VW Com) have also been analysed, the SCORPIO camera of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory was used. This camera enables both the spectrum and the brightness of these objects to be detected.

Flare stars are intrinsically weak, and can therefore only be observed at relatively short distances in astronom- ic terms, specifically in the vicinity of the Sun, up to a distance of a few tens of light years, according to phys.org.

DNA TESTS: PRINCE WILLIAM’S ANCESTORS WERE PART-ARMENIAN, PART-INDIAN

LONDON — Prince William will be Britain’s first king with Indian ancestors, new genetic tests have revealed.

DNA analysis has helped researchers prove the Duke of Cambridge’s great-great-great-great-great-grandmother Eliza Kerwark was half-Indian.

Eliza – who is an ancestor of Wills and Harry’s mother Princess Diana – was always believed to have come from Armenia.

However, new tests on saliva samples given by other descendants, including Diana’s aunt, show Eliza was half-Indian, The Sun reports.

Researchers have previously traced Diana’s family line back six gen- erations to Eliza Kework, who was born in western India in around 1790 and

is believed to have married Scottish merchant Theodore Forbes in 1812. Eliza’s father was an Armenian trader, but there is no record of her mother. Now the genetic analysis shows

she must have been Indian. Edinburgh University genetics expert Jim Wilson, who carried out the tests on Wills’s relatives, said among

Eliza’s DNA was a very rare type of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is only inherited from mothers. He said that particular genetic code has been found in only 14 other people before — 13 Indian and one

Nepalese. Inter-racial affairs were common at the time — but researchers say snobbery could explain why Theodore

abandoned Eliza and sent their young daughter Katherine back to Britain. Katherine, known as Kitty, went on to marry in Scotland and her great-great-granddaughter was Frances

Burke Roche, who married the 8th Earl Spencer and had five children including Diana Spencer. Diana’s aunt Mary Roach, one of those who provided DNA, said: “I always assumed that I was part-Armenian

so I am delighted that I also have an Indian background.” Dr Wilson said Princes William and Harry would both have inherited Eliza’s distinctive mtDNA code but

would not pass it to their children.

PRESIDENTS OF RUSSIA, USA AND FRANCE ISSUE A SPECIAL STATEMENT ON NAGORNO- KARABAKH CONFLICT

BELFAST -- OSCE Minsk Group cco-chairing ountries Russia, USA and France, issued a statement on the Nagorno Karabakh conflict peaceful settlement.

"We, the Presidents of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chair countries – France, the Russian Federation, and the United States of America – remain committed to helping the parties to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict reach a last- ing and peaceful settlement.

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We express our deep regret that, rather than trying to find a solution based upon mutual interests, the parties have continued to seek one-sided advantage in the negotiation process.

We continue to firmly believe that the elements outlined in the statements of our countries over the last four years must be the foundation of any fair and lasting settlement to the Nagorno Karabakh conflict. These elements should be seen as an integrated whole, as any attempt to select some elements over others would make it impossi- ble to achieve a balanced solution.

We reiterate that only a negotiated settlement can lead to peace, stability, and reconciliation, opening oppor- tunities for regional development and cooperation. The use of military force that has already created the current sit- uation of confrontation and instability will not resolve the conflict. A renewal of hostilities would be disastrous for the population of the region, resulting in loss of life, more destruction, additional refugees, and enormous financial costs.

We strongly urge the leaders of all the sides to recommit to the Helsinki principles, particularly those relating to the non-use of force or the threat of force, territorial integrity, and equal rights and self-determination of peoples. We also appeal to them to refrain from any actions or rhetoric that could raise tension in the region and lead to escalation of the conflict. The leaders should prepare their people for peace, not war. Our countries stand ready to assist the sides, but the responsibility for putting an end to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict remains with them. We strongly believe that further delay in reaching a balanced agreement on the framework for a comprehensive peace is unacceptable, and urge the leaders of Azerbaijan and Armenia to focus with renewed energy on the issues that

remain unresolved".

YEREVAN CONFIRMS POSSIBLE EQUITY SALE TO RUSSIAN GAS GIANT

YEREVAN -- The government of Armenia has confirmed on Wednesday that it is considering giving up its minority stake in the national gas company in ongoing negotiation with Gazprom over the price of Russian natural gas delivered to the country.

“The option of giving our shares to Gazprom is also on the table, assuming of course that we get proper com- pensation from them,” Energy and Natural Resources Minister Armen Movsisian told journalists.

Movsisian met with Alexey Miller, the Gazprom chairman, in Moscow on Monday to discuss ways of help- ing the Armenian government subsidize the recently increased price of Russian gas by 30 percent. A Gazprom state- ment said they “looked into the possibility of increasing Gazprom's stake in ArmRosGazprom (ARG) to 100 per cent.” Gazprom already owns 80 percent of the ARG gas distribution network. The remaining 20 percent belongs to the Armenian government.

Movsisian said the two sides are also discussing alternative solution but refused to elaborate on them. “Negotiations are not yet over,” he said, adding that Yerevan expects to conclude them by the end of this month.

BUSINESSMAN WANTED IN FRAUD CASE

Law-enforcement authorities have brought criminal charges against an Armenian businessman in a fraud case that has sparked embarrassing media allegations against Prime Minister Tigran Sarkisian.

The fugitive businessman, Ashot Sukiasian, is prosecuted nearly one year after another entrepreneur, Paylak Hayrapetian, claimed to have been forced into bankruptcy by Sukiasian. Hayrapetian alleged that the latter misap- propriated most of a $10.7 million loan which he borrowed from an Armenian commercial bank to finance a busi- ness project proposed by Sukiasian.

Hetq.am reported late last month that the embezzled sum was transferred to the offshore bank account of a Cyprus-registered company. The investigative publication also disclosed a document purportedly certifying that the company is co-owned by Sukiasian, Prime Minister Tigran Sarkisian and Archbishop Navasard Kchoyan, head of the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Both Sarkisian and Kchoyan strongly denied having any stakes in the company, saying that it was registered in their names in Cyprus without their knowledge.

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WATER ISSUES IN ARMENIA By Areg Gharabegian

Armenia has abundant water resources which are generally adequate for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use throughout the country, with some limitations in a few areas. Water usage has been reduced after independence due to reduction of industrial and agricultural activities. Approximately 98% of drinking water supplies are from groundwa- ter and/or springs with remaining percentage from surface water, mainly streams. The quality of ground and spring waters is generally satisfactory for potable use and as a result only chlorination/disinfection treatment is required. However, conventional water treatment systems are used for water from streams. The water sources are quite well pro- tected and only rare cases of contamination or bacterial pollution have been reported in recent years. Base on the fore- cast of water demands for urban and rural areas, it is anticipated that the water sources would adequate to satisfy future water needs.

The adequacy of water resources is not the reason for issues related with water services in Armenia. During the Soviet era, large investments were made on water related projects to provide water to urban and rural areas. However, quality of workmanship was low and there were lack of proper water resource management and control of consump- tion. In addition, water delivery and treatment infrastructure were neither routinely maintained nor upgraded. Furthermore, major repairs, investments, and upgrades were almost stopped for many years after collapse of the Soviet Union due to the lack of funding. There were also a wide spread misuse of assets and resources such as stealing pipes and pumps.

During the last 10 years significant legislatives have been enacted and institutional reforms have been intro- duced in Armenia related to water resources management and protection. One of the main achievements was introduc- tion and application of the principles of integrated water resources management.

Improvements in continuity of water supply can only happen with increased investments in infrastructure. Initial estimates indicate that short to midterm investment requirements could be about $179 million ($79 million for Yerevan and $100 million for other urban areas). Recent proposed investment programs are linked particularly to improving efficiency.

Five state-owned enterprises were established to manage and administer the water systems in different areas of Armenia as part of the water supply system reform. Currently the majority of the population of Armenia is served by the following water utilities:

• Yerevan Jour – serving population of 1 million in Yerevan and 33 nearby villages; • Armenia Water and Sewerage Company (AWSC) – serving population of 620,000 in over 300 villages; and • Three Regional Utilities (Nor Akunq, Lori, and Shirak) - serving population of 320,000. Additionally there are 560 villages outside these utility service areas, served by arrangements that vary by each

individual community. All five major utilities are engaged in some form of private-public partnership arrangement with various international operators. AWSC is currently managed and operated by Saur, a French utility company. The fee-based contract had an original term of 5 years but was extended for an additional year until 31 December 2013.

Armenia’s water supply networks and systems are in need of major repairs and upgrades. The absence of invest- ments over the years, coupled with the lack of routine maintenance, has resulted in deteriorated infrastructure that is unable to deliver the appropriate level of service to its users. Water losses or nonrevenue water is estimated to be up to 85% which according to World Bank is one of the highest percentage water losses in the world. More than 50% of water losses are due to leaks from old pipes and the remainder is due to nonpayment, underpayment, or theft. Nearly 65% of the nonrevenue water losses are at the multifamily residential buildings and private houses. Besides leaks from pipes, these losses are due to meter tampering by using of magnets, leave water running, and use of 2nd and 3rd unmetered inlet pipes at residential units.

Increase in level of services using old leaky pipelines has a negative effect on water losses. This is due to run- ning high pressure water through old pipes with leaks for longer time which cause more water to be lost through the leaks. Recently about 70% of the distribution system in Armavir was replaced and water supply duration was increased to 22 hours a day but non revenue water has only decreased from 87 to 70%.

Most of the current water meters in Yerevan are old and are often of low quality. These meters are inaccurate and they cannot provide reliable results. In addition, most of the meters can be easily tampered by using magnets. However, over 95% of residential and commercial water connections are metered.

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The water rates in Armenia are around AMD200 per cubic meter, which is considered low compared to region- al and international norms of approximately AMD400 per cubic meter. Such a low level does not provide adequate funding for water providers to renovate water system infrastructure. The rates are not even sufficient to cover opera- tion and maintenance costs. The typical cost of water for one month for a family is equivalent to three packs of ciga- rettes. It would be difficult to imposing water rate increases on the public, especially if the service is intermittent.

Revenue collections are extremely high when compared against international and regional experience. However, generally billing is based on flow volumes, and as noted earlier, currently it is almost impossible to obtain accurate measures of consumption because of the poor state of the metering. As a result there is no clear indication of whether customers are paying for actual water volumes received.

Despite Armenia’s abundance of water, the population’s supply needs could not be met, as a significant propor- tion had access to drinking water for just a few hours per day. To address these issues, the Government of Armenia has sought to improve the water supply and sanitation sector through various policy and legislative reforms as well as cap- ital investments with support from international institutions, such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and with private participation through public–private partnerships.

In 2007, the ADB approved a loan of $36 million to Armenia to help improve public health and the environ- ment for 576,000 people in 16 towns by revitalizing and rehabilitating the existing water infrastructure and increasing the capacity of the water supply and sanitation service providers. While this project had positive implementation results, the need to address pressing issues, including capital investments for upgrading of the network and the long- term financial sustainability of the Armenian water supplying companies remained. Thus, in 2012, ADB approved the Government of Armenia’s request for $40 million in additional financing to continue and expand the improvements delivered by the initial project.

Operationally, the project has increased potable water supply by at least 12 hours to more than 600,000 resi- dents. Payment collection also increased from 61% in 2008 to 74% in 2010, driven by the installation of water meters and an ongoing community program to raise awareness of water use and management.

Water supplying companies acknowledge that nonrevenue water is staggeringly high. To address the issue, they are suggesting that to (i) utilize large capital investments to replace and upgrade aging infrastructure and decrease leaks in the network; (ii) install better water meters for residential properties and electronic water meters for high-rise build- ings to better account for water use; (iii) install better flow meters to account for more accurate flow values; and (iv) place more attention and efforts on decreasing the incidence of illegal connections through better community consul- tation and active monitoring.

Sources:

Water Sector Note, Report No.: 61317-AM, Sustainable Development Department, Europe and Central Asia Region, The World Bank, May 2011

Armenia: Fostering the Long-Term Financial Viability and Sustainability of the Armenian Water and Sewerage Company, Asian Development Bank (ADB), Central and West Asia Department, Working Paper Series, Adrian Torres, March 2013.

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HyeAID2 CONCERT: SARF TO TRANSFER ANOTHER $150,000 TO SYRIAN ARMENIANS

HOLLYWOOD, CA -- The Dolby Theatre has now been imprinted in the Armenian psyche as yet another location for showing the determination of southern Californians’ that they still care for the survival of the Armenians in Syria. Nearly 3,000 supporters, 300 dancers, entertainers from Armenia and the southland and 56 sponsors came together to raise funds for the Syrian Armenian Relief Fund (SARF) with the HyeAID2 concert on June 9, 2013.

Since October 2012, SARF has transferred $500,000 to Syrian Armenians. Following a SARF Executive Committee (EC) meeting after the concert, Zaven Khanjian, the Chairperson of the SARF EC, reported that the next transfer would be for $150,000.

Zaven Khanjian, Chairperson of the SARF Executive Committee welcomed the guests and speaking in a poet- ic fashion in Armenian, remarked that the purpose of the concert is to help the enduring Syrian Armenians with songs and music as symbols of our wishes for light, hope and prayers for peace, and with each call and scream it is an invi- tation for the white dove with an olive tree branch in its beak to come back and perch on the facade of the fort, the dome of the church or the minaret of the mosque in Syria.

The Gevorkian Dance Academy, with Directors Vartan and Siranush Gevokian, and Choreographer Sona Gevorkian, filled the stage with scores of children. Their excellent performances ranged from the fun dances by the very young children to the vigorous acrobatics of “Bert” (fort) with eight male dancers standing on the shoulders of the other eight in a circle configuration. The dances evoked both joy and sadness, particularly with the massive “Genocide” performance, which was based on the poetry “Hoyots Danteakane” by Hovhannes Shiraz, read by Nune Avetisyan, music by Arthur Meschian and Elon, with solo dancers Sona and Ninel Gevorkian. The Gevorkian Dance Academy reaffirmed that Armenian dance was alive and well, with colorful costumes and boys and girls of all ages giving their best to an audience who appreciated their efforts.

The anticipation and excitement was infectious for the soloists who traveled from Armenia to perform at the concert. Their performances, along with those who live in the Los Angeles Basin will be dearly remembered. They were an amazing group, who could switch from nostalgia to delightfully fun solos, as if to match the changing col- ors of the stage.

Soloist Leyla Saribekyan performed some of her own songs, “Yergir Hayreni” and “Hayortiner Miagam” (the latter lyrics were by Sergey Haroutunian), and “Zinvori Mor Yerge” by Robert Amirkhanyan. Silva Hakobyan was surrounded by the Gevorkian Dance Academy dancers as she sang “Sasna Bar” and “Ashkharhi Hayerov” by Mane Hakobyan. She also performed “Tnits Pakhle em” by Mane Hakobyan.

Andre, as someone who lived through the war in Nagorno-Karabagh, connected with the audience worried

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about the Armenian community in Syria. He performed “Hayastans” and “Horizonner”. The Aram Avagyan’s Music Studio had a group of six young singers perform “Hayastan Ashkar”, while Avagyan accompanied them on the key- board.

The trio led by Rouben Haroutyunyan performed “Hovern Engan” on the duduk. Harout Pamboukjian showed his dynamic style with a performance of “Menk kich enk sagayn mez hye en asum” lyrics by Barouyr Sevag and music by Levon Katrjian. Razmik Mansouryan performed “Patrangi Teverov” by Marine Ales. Hovhannes Shahbazyan performed “Horovel” by Komidas, and Armenchik performed “Ashkharhi Hayer”.

The concert concluded by Leyla Saribekyan’s "Arakadzi Shurchbar" which portrayed the unity of the Armenian people. The Honored Artist of Republic of Armenia asked the audience to stand up and hold hands in the spirit of collective solidarity with the Syrian Armenians.

For over three hours, the concert was a grand event to show the great love that this diverse community in Southern California has for the people who are suffering in Syria. They came together with the hope that their per- formances will uplift the spirits both here and in Syria, and provide sustenance for the physical existence in Syria.

REMEMBERING WORLD CHESS CHAMPION TIGRAN PETROSIAN

YEREVAN (ARMENPRESS) -- World Chess Champion Tigran Petrosian would have turned 84 years today. In a conversation with "Armenpress" former chess champion of Yerevan and Armenia Gagik Hakobian recalled Tigran Petrosian and stated: "Petrosian loved his homeland and compatriots immensely. Living away from the country, he felt the pulse of the capital clearly." Among other things Gagik Hakobian touched upon Tigran Petrosian's chess career and highlighted that Petrosian had to face a number of obstacles in his way before becoming champion of the world. In addition Hakobian underscored: "Yes, Tigran Petrosian achived a heroic deed in sport, which demanded robust will and persistence, talent and character."

Tigran Petrosian was born on June 17, 1929. As a young boy, Petrosian was an excellent student and enjoyed studying, as did his brother Hmayak and sister Vartoosh. He learned to play chess at the age of 8, though his illiter- ate father Vartan encouraged him to continue studying, as he thought chess was unlikely to bring his son any suc- cess as a career. Petrosian was orphaned during World War II and was forced to sweep streets to earn a living.

He used his rations to buy Chess Praxis by Danish grandmaster Aron Nimzowitsch, a book which Petrosian would later claim to have had the greatest influence on him as a chess player. He also purchased The Art of Sacrifice in Chess by Rudolf Spielmann. The other player to have had an early effect on Petrosian's chess was José Raúl Capablanca.

Tigran Petrosian was World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian was a Candidate for the World Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the world championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it in 1969 (to Spassky). Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975).

Petrosian died of stomach cancer in 1984. In 1987, World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov unveiled a memo- rial at Petrosian's grave which depicts the laurel wreath of world champion and an image contained within a crown of the sun shining above the twin peaks of Mount Ararat – the national symbol of Petrosian's native Armenia. On 7 July 2006, a monument honoring Petrosian was opened in the Davtashen district of Yerevan, on the street named after Petrosian.

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