United Armenia

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The modern concept of United Armenia as claimed by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation^[1]

A map presented by the Armenian National Delegation (representing the Turkish Armenians)^[2] to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919.^[3]

United Armenia (Armenian: Միացեալ Հայաստան (traditional); Միացյալ Հայաստան (reformed)Miatsyal Hayastan), also known as Greater Armenia or Great Armenia, is an irredentist concept of the territory outside the Republic of Armenia which is considered part of a national homeland byArmenians, based on the present-day and/or historical Armenian presence claimed by someArmenian nationalist groups, most notably the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. The ARF bases its claims to Turkey on the Treaty of Sèvres of 1920. Eastern Turkey held a significant Armenian population before Armenian Genocide of 1915, when the over two thousand year Armenian presence in the area largely ended and the cultural heritage was mainly destroyed by the Turkish government.^[4][5] Armenians still consider what is now eastern Turkey as part of their homeland.^[6] The territorial claims to Turkey are often seen as one of the main forms of theArmenian Genocide reparations,^[7] which is claimed by Turkey to be the ultimate goal of the international recognition of the Armenian Genocide.^[8]

Besides eastern Turkey (also known as Western Armenia), the concept usually incorporates claims to Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh), the landlocked exclave Nakhichevan of Azerbaijan and theJavakhk (Javakheti) region of Georgia.^[1] Western Armenia and Nakhichevan no longer have Armenian populations, while Nagorno-Karabakh and Javakhk are overwhelmingly inhabited by Armenians.

Since the beginning of the Karabakh movement in 1988, the concept of Miatsum (i.e. the "unification" of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh) has been popular among Armenian circles.^[9] By the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994, the Armenian forces have established effective control over most of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding districts of Azerbaijan, thus succeeding in de facto unification of Armenia and Karabakh.^[10]

Contents

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• 1 History of the claims
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Origins
  • 1.3 World War I and the Armenian Genocide
  • 1.4 First Republic of Armenia: 1918–1920
    • 1.4.1 Treaty of Sèvres
    • 1.4.2 Fall of the First Republic
  • 1.5 Post-World War II: 1945–1953
  • 1.6 Late Cold War: 1965–1987
  • 1.7 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: 1988–1994
• 2 Current status
• 3 Territories claimed
  • 3.1 Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh)
  • 3.2 Javakhk (Javakheti)
  • 3.3 Western Armenia (eastern Turkey)
    • 3.3.1 Official position of Armenia
  • 3.4 Nakhichevan
• 4 Public opinion
• 5 In culture
• 6 Reaction
  • 6.1 In Turkey
  • 6.2 In Azerbaijan
• 7 See also
• 8 References
  • 8.1 Bibliography