Volume 1, Issue 11 24 October 2015 Armenian Church News

H. G. Bishop Hovakim Celebrates the Divine Liturgy in Dublin 

In this issue: 

Dublin Parish Events 

New Exhibition at Oxford University 

Ecumenical Service at St. 

Margaret’s Church 

Christianity in the Middle East 

Decision by European Court of Human Rights 

Homenetmen Celebrates 36 Years 

A Tribute to Anahid Demirdjian 

On Saturday 17th October, H.G. Bishop Hovakim Manukyan, Primate of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of UK and Ireland, visited Dublin Parish Community for the first time since his appointment on the 12th July 2015. He attended Tigran Hamasyan's Concert along with the Dublin Council Members on Saturday evening. On Sunday 18th October, His Grace celebrated his first Divine Liturgy "Sourp Badarak" at Taney Parish, Dublin, Ireland. In his Sermon, His Grace reminded us all to put on the grace of Christ....and reflect His love and His sacrifice...drawing nearer to Christ day by day. Children and all present joined to partake in the communion. As is customary, we all shared meal together, allowing Srpazan Hovakim to acquaint himself with the Parish Community. Dr. Paul Manook. 

Events at the Dublin Parish 

On Saturday, 17th October, His Grace our new Primate Bishop Hovakim Manukyan accompanied by Deacon Hovik Hovhannisyan paid his first visit to the Armenian community in Dublin. He met Dr. Paul Manook (Chairman of Dublin Parish Council) and other members of the council. 

That evening Bishop Hovakim Manukyan attended a Concert in Christ Church Cathedral in central Dublin. The Concert ‘Lyus I Luso’ was performed by Tigran Hamasyan featuring the Yerevan State Chamber Choir. The Concert was organised by Mr. Ohan Yergainharsian (Honorary Consul 

Diocese of the Armenian Church of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland 

His Grace Bishop Hovakim Manukyan, Primate 

Diocesan Office
Tel. 0208 127 8364 primatesoffice@ armenianchurch.co.uk 

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of the Republic of Armenia in Ireland) in conjunction with Mr. John Mardirosian (Director of Waltons New School of Music). The Concert had a good Irish and large Armenian attendance along with dignitaries including Archbishop Michael Jackson (Church of Ireland) and Dermot Dunne (Dean of Christ Church Cathedral). The night was a great success. 

On Sunday, 18th October, Bishop Manukyan celebrated his first Badarak in Dublin at Taney Parish Church in Dundrum. Around 80 people attended the Divine Liturgy and heard the Bishop give his first homily to the congregation. Bishop Hovakim shared a meal with the community members and mingled with the people afterwards. 

Bishop Hovakim will be returning to Dublin on 5th December to oversee the unveiling of a Khachkar ‘Memorial Stone’ in remembrance of the 1915 Armenian Genocide. Margaret Sarafian. 

Tigran Hamasyan and the Yerevan Chamber 

Choir 

"Luys i Luso...Light from Light" 

On Saturday 17th October at 8:00pm the Yerevan Chamber Choir - their music arranged and led by the Armenian pianist/composer Tigran Hamasyan - gave a wonderful concert of Armenian Sacred Music (Sharagans) which date from the fifth to the twentieth centuries, at Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin. 

The Honorary Consul of the Republic of Armenia gave a short opening speech reminding the audience of the Centenary of the Armenian Genocide, and the dedication of the concert to the victims. 

Dublin Parish Council extended their invitation to the Archbishop of Dublin, Dr. Michael Jackson, The Dean of Christ Church Cathedral, and The Very Revd. Dermot Dunne - along with our Primate H.G. Bishop Hovakim Manukyan - plus other dignitaries and journalists. The help and support of the Dublin Council of Churches was much appreciated in the dissemination of invitations amongst the churches in Dublin. The Cathedral was almost full. 

Archbishop Jackson described the concert as "a very inspiring and unforgettable evening. A fitting, dignified and generous tribute to the victims and successors of the Armenian Genocide. It was an honour to be present." The Dean wrote "the concert was a delight and Tigran is a very gifted musician. It was a privilege for us to be there." The concert was presented by Waltons World Masters School of New Music and the Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Armenia. Dr. Paul Manook. 

 

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Armenia: Masterpieces from an Enduring Culture 

Calouste Gulbenkian Professor of Armenian Studies at Oxford. 'In this exhibition, we present to the public the historical, artistic and other culturalachievements of a people not often in the focus of the public eye, in an effort to educate, fascinate and create a dialogue between nations and peoples.' This must-see exhibit is open until 28 February 2015. Admission is free. For details are at http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/ 

New Exhibition at the University of Oxford 

His Grace Bishop Hovakim Manukyan, the Primate, attended the opening of a historic exhibit at the world renowned Bodleian Libraries of the University of Oxford on Thursday, 22nd October. Exhibit sponsor Mr. Raffi Manoukian and Armenia’s Ambassador to the UK Dr Armen Sarkissian were among the guests of honour, as well as several hundred invited guests. The exhibit celebrates more than 2,500 years of Armenian history and culture with a sumptuous display of Armenian manuscripts, books, sacred objects and artefacts that have been handed down through the generations. Armenia: Masterpieces from an Enduring Culturefeatures treasures from the Bodleian's magnificent Armenian collections alongside items from private and national collections in Armenia, the Netherlands and the UK. 

'Armenian culture has shaped humanity and given it great gifts, from precious manuscripts, literature and art to religious and secular music,' said the curator of the exhibit, Prof. Theo Maarten van Lint, 

Armenians in Oxford 

The new academic year for the Oxford University Armenian community of students, staff and Armenians living in the area started with the gathering of the Armenian Society at the university. New students from Armenia and the Diaspora were welcomed and had a chance to get acquainted with the continuing students. In the coming months plans are being discussed to celebrate the Divine Liturgy in Oxford during the visit of the Primate Bishop Hovakim. 

 

 

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Armenian Church News Armenian Church News 

Religion and Spirituality 

Eastern Christianity in the Middle East Today 

A lecture at the University of Oxford 

The introductory first of eight timely lectures on Eastern Christianity in the Middle East today was given by Dr Hratch Tchilingirian, Faculty Associate at the Oriental Institute in Oxford, on 20th October to students and faculty members. Convened by Dr Tchilingirian, the lectures on Christians in the Middle East, which have deep roots in the early centuries of Christianity, focus on the current regional conflicts, religious extremism and future challenges facing various minority communities in this volatile region. During the Michaelmas Term, the lectures are held on Tuesdays, 5:00-6:30 pm, in the Oriental Institute, Lecture Room 1 and are open to the public. Subsequent lectures will discuss the Coptic Church and Christianity in Egypt, the Greek Orthodox Churches, the Greek Catholic Churches, the Armenian Church and communities in the Middle East. 

 

Ecumenical Prayer at St Margaret’s Church, 

Westminster Abbey 

As part of their Ecclesiastical obligations, our Diocesan Clergy often participate in various Ecumenical prayers, inter-church meetings and conferences. On behalf of H.G. Bishop Hovakim Manukyan, Primate, Fr. Shnork took part in the Celebration of the Coptic New Year (Nayrouz) service on Thursday 22nd October 2015, representing The Armenian Church. In his sermon H.G. Bishop Angaelos of the Coptic Orthodox Church talked about the meaning of martyrdom. His Grace made a reference to the Armenian Genocide, then made a painful comparison between the Armenian Genocide and the situation in the Middle East today, saying that 100 years later the Christians in the Middle East are still subject to martyrdom and persecutions. At the end of the service messages were read on behalf or the Archbishop of Canterbury, The Prince of Wales and the Prime Minister. 

 

 

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Our History 

What to make of the Perinçek Decision: 

A limited victory for Armenia, loss for humanity, shame for the EHCR 

A deeply divided Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights recently rendered judgment in a decision that answered many questions, but avoided the bigger issue. For many informed observers, it was the dissent that got it right: two more votes (out of 17) would have made this a landmark case by taking judicial notice of the Armenian Genocide as a “self-evident” fact. We do not know what happened in chambers as the judges deliberated, but from the wording of the dissent, it seems that there was some last-minute maneuvering. Still, from an Armenian perspective, even the majority position is an improvement over the earlier decision, which it overruled. However, there are some points that should trouble supporters of the rule of law and defenders of human rights, in particular, the majority’s myopic rationale and their mischaracterization of Perinçek, his motives, and malicious statements. 

It is important to remember that Armenia was not originally a party to this case and that Armenian genocide recognition was not a question before the court. This was ostensibly a freedom of speech case between Turkish ideologue Doğu Perinçek and Switzerland. However when the court in the earlier decision misguidedly addressed the issue of Armenian Genocide recognition, it acted in a way prejudicial to Armenian interests. Thus Armenia intervened in this final hearing. The statements of Armenia’s 

counsel, Geoffrey Robertson and Amal Clooney, as well as Armenian Prosecutor General Gevorg Kostanyan, give a good summary of the case and its impact from the point of view of Armenia as an intervenor. The Armenian Government won on all points it raised, and the court reversed the parts of the lower judgment that were prejudicial to Armenian interests. The court also upheld the right of a sovereign state to determine as a local policy matter whether genocide denial can be regulated and punished by law. So Switzerland and the legislatures of Europe won as well on the principle that restriction of genocide denial is a permissible limitation on freedom of speech. 

Although it is a long decision, in the end, the majority rested its decision on the narrow grounds that the law was applied in a way that violated Perinçek’s free speech rights, which is a quite different from saying that what he said is true or approved by the court. While acknowledging that Perinçek’s statements are offensive to Armenians (oddly, the majority doesn't say why the Swiss or Europeans or other honest people around the world also should not be offended), the majority said Perinçek's speech had to be tolerated under the circumstances, at least in Switzerland where the risk of anti- 

 

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Armenian persecution or prejudice or violence or disruption to the public order is minimal. This is a very delicate jurisprudential balancing act even in the best of circumstances. 

As the seven dissenting judges in the joint dissent state quite forcefully, without actually ruling on whether what happened to the Armenians was a genocide, the majority could have simply taken judicial notice of the Armenian Genocide as an accepted historical fact and ended the trivialization of the Armenian Genocide, clearing the way for Turkish atonement, and the healing of this wound on humanity, as Pope Francis characterized it earlier this year. This was the opportunity missed by the ECHR majority that lacked the courage to act in the interests of humanity, and unfortunately, humanity will continue to pay for this “timidity,” to use the dissent’s characterization of the majority. 

The court claims judicial restraint, but from the tone of the dissent it appears that there may have been a majority (9 votes) for taking judicial notice of the Armenian Genocide, but that support eroded due to the politicization of the court (note Turkish Constitutional Court president’s visit to Strasbourg prior to the decision’s release), not to mention the upcoming Turkish elections, Europeans fear of the flood of refugees, the current geopolitical mess in Syria, ISIS, and the precedent of recognizing the 

Armenian Genocide and its consequences after a century of obfuscation. The majority's posture of judicial restraint provides easy cover for these extraneous factors. 

The dissent invoking the erga omnes doctrine lambasts the majority opinion for sending the wrong message and abandoning its duty to uphold the universality of human rights. Man's inhumanity to man is not something to be trivialized or treated with contempt. One does not need to be a black South African or to be in South Africa to be offended when apartheid is justified or praised. It is not just Armenian dignity and a sense of truth that are violated when Perinçek calls the Armenian Genocide an international lie. Swiss and Europeans generally, not to mention the rest of the world, should be offended as Perinçek was contemptuously flaunting Turkish impunity for the state-planned extermination and expulsion of the Armenians from their indigenous homeland, a fact about which there is no dispute. 

The court's myopic ruling is a threat to world peace and mutual respect among nations. People internalize norms of behavior based on actions of courts. If the European Court trivializes the Turkish inhumane treatment of the Armenians, while the fruits of these acts continue to be enjoyed to this day with impunity, then the lesson for today's ISIS jihadists and others is genocide pays, the de facto international norm is 

 

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Armenian Church News 

impunity, and the European Court now says it is all right to brazenly deny wrongdoing afterward. 

From the point of view of humanity and law, the Perinçek decision is sad, yet from an Armenian perspective it is still a step forward toward full genocide recognition: no ECHR judge found that Armenian Genocide denial is "true, hence permissible" free speech, and 7 of 17 judges of the highest court in Europe treat the Armenian genocide as a “self-evident” fact. Certainly it would have been better if it had been 9 out of 17 judges, but the issue of Armenian Genocide recognition was not before the court. Had it been before this or another court, it is quite likely that the Armenian Genocide would be ruled an incontrovertible legal fact. Turkey should be shaking in its boots. The tide has turned on the denialist maneuver. Dr. Tom Samuelian is an international attorney from Yerevan. 

Homenetmen London Celebrates 36 Years of Success 

Homenetmen is an establishment that today holds 105 regional chapters worldwide since its foundation in 1918, and looks after more than 28,000 conscientious members who made it their mission to preserve and enrich the values and the traditions of Armenian identity. 

As a result, Homenetmen London was established in 1979 by a few who believed in the ethos of Homenetmen "To Elevate Yourself and To Elevate Others With You". Since its establishment, the “Miutyun” worked tirelessly through its dedicated members, affiliates and supporters to instil the Armenian spirit in the hearts and minds of our youth, to be an active part of the wider Armenian community in the UK and to prepare future generations of responsible, confident and trustworthy leaders in the UK. 

To celebrate the 36th anniversary of the establishment of Homenetmen London, an evening was organised by a devoted subcommittee and steered with the active participation of members from all the divisions; Scouts, Sports, Homenetmen Youth Events, and the Dndesagan, Parents and the Fund Raising committees. 

Since this annual anniversary coincided in the year of the 100th commemorative anniversary of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by the Ottoman Turks, the Executive Committee found it most suitable to dedicate this day and evening in memory of the victims of the Armenian Genocide, and entitled the ceremony “ԿԱՆԳ, ՊԻՏԻ ԼԻՆԵՆՔ ՈՒ ԴԵՌ ՇԱՏԱՆԱՆՔ” 

The evening took place in Greenford Hall on Sunday 4th October 2015 and started with the flag bearers 

 

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Armenian Church News 

marching to the theatrical stage where they showcased a precision marching routine. That followed by the marching entrance of nearly 70 scouts and scout leaders to the stage. A rank elevation ceremony was undertaken for a few of the scouts. Speeches were delivered by Yeghpayr Armand Abramian, Chairman, Mr Armen Liloyan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Embassy of the Republic of Armenia to the United Kingdom, by Yeghpayr Zorik Gasparian, Vice Chairman of the Armenian Community Council of the UK, and by the Very Reverend Father Movses Sargsyan, visiting Pastor on behalf of the Armenian Primacy of the UK and Ireland. 

Yeghpayr Armand congratulated and wished well Yeghpayr Alek Khachaturyan, for being elected as an Executive Board Member of Homenetmen Central Committee during the General Meeting from 7th – 11th September, in Armenia, which is held every 4 years. 

All the speeches stressed the effect of the Armenian Genocide on the youth and on Armenian identity, and how Homenetmen played and still plays a pivotal role to develop model members of the community, either in the Diaspora or in fatherland Armenia. They all echoed the beauty and the power of “Փարձրացիր, Փարձրացուր” (“To Elevate Yourself, and To Elevate Others With You”) in real life and 

how every individual should aspire to live by this slogan. 

At this point the first part of the evening came to its end and gave the 200 members of the audience an interval to help themselves to warm Armenian food and drinks, all with the help of the dndesagan and the parents committees and volunteers. 

The second part of the evening was a showcase in itself. A theatrical play of fine art “գեղարուեստական բաժին” - performed by nearly 70 members - told a real life story of a group travelling from London to fatherland Armenia to take part in a Pan-Armenian camp. Along the flight route they meet another group from Canada and the USA in an airport terminal lounge and they start to get to know each other, and doubtless to say the play starts with “Դուք Հայ Է՞ք”. The spirited travellers congregate in the lobby where they start lively group singing, group dancing, arm wrestling, playing music, poetry telling, whilst parents chase naughty kids and the group experience many other acts full of joy and emotion. 

The centre piece of the play was the survival stories of the travellers, one by Baron Ohannes, a grandparent who tells the story of his father who himself was a witness and a survivor of the atrocities of the 

 

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Armenian Church News 

“I Remember and I Demand” Կեցցէ՛ Հ.Մ.Ը.Մ.ը։ 

Կեցցէ՛ Հայաստանը եւ Մեր Ժողովուրդի արդար պահանջները։ 

Lorees Arakelian 

Genocide, and another by young Armen, who told the story of his freedom fighting father in Artsakh. Both emotional real stories enthused the audience but most importantly it taught the travelling young scouts important lessons from history and the experiences of their ancestors. 

When the groups reached Armenia, one of the first things they did was to visit the Birds Nest Memorial “Tzizdernagapert” and paid their respects to the victims of the Genocide. The whole stage was transformed artistically from an airport lobby to the memorial, where delicate and sensible acts were performed. The emotions were high and the evening came to its summit when two actual blood brothers sang “Grivenk Gnoum Aghpers ou Yes”, and reminded everyone that fighting for freedom is the destiny of all Armenians. 

As the evening came to a conclusion, the London Armenian community felt blessed to have such devoted and motivated members of its community, and for days afterwards these words echoed: 

 

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Armenian Church News 

ANAHID DEMIRDJIAN 1935-2015 

A tribute by Deacon Hovhannes Hovhannisyan 

On Monday, 19th October 2015, relatives, friends, the Primate of the Diocese Bishop Hovakim and Church Parish Clergy gathered in St. Sarkis Church to pay their respects and say their last goodbyes to Mrs. Anahid Demirdjian. 

Anahid Demirdjian (nee Khanchihanian) was born on 24th February 1935 in Beirut, Lebanon. She started her studies in the Armenian Catholic College. From there she continued in the Darsuhi Hakobian College and finally moved to Cyprus, to attend the Melkonian Seminary. 

In 1954 Anahid met her life partner, Deacon Hrayr Demirdjian and after they got married, they dedicated all their lives to the Armenian Apostolic Holy Church. In 1976, they moved to London, England where they started to serve in St. Sarkis Church. Hrayr was the Choir Master and Anahid sang in the Choir. She was also involved in the Church Ladies Committee. 

In 2012 Anahid was elected into the first ever Church Parish Council in the UK at St. Sarkis and got re-elected again in 2015 for the second term, where she continued her dedicated work towards her Mother Church, and its people. The Parish Council was always grateful for Anahid's considerable contribution and advice in helping at the charitable events organized by the Parish Council. She was an experienced Church worker but also a Benefactor, even up to her last days before she was taken to bed. Anahid took up all the costs of reprinting the Church Badarak book commemorating her late husband, whose photo is imprinted on the inside cover. 

Unfortunately, in the past few months her health was gradually deteriorating, but despite her worsening illness, Anahid never grumbled or complained about her sometimesobviousdiscomfort,ararevirtueinanyhuman. Shecarriedonanddid everything she could, until she was taken into the Royal Free Hospital where her condition was managed until she passed away two weeks later. 

She had strong principles that she believed in and lived by, but she was never judgemental and loved people for what they were. We all have many happy memories of Anahid and these we must hold dear in our hearts and cherish them, as she cherished us. 

May God bless her sweet soul. 

 

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Dear friends,
AGBU London Branch is pleased to present “Together for Armenia” concert dedicated to the 

Centenary of the Armenian Genocide and the 24th Anniversary of Armenia’s Independence. 

This concert will be the biggest concert of the AGBU London Chamber Orchestra to date and will introduce five international Armenian soloists: Nairi Azezian - Flute (Finland), Sylvie Zakarian - Marimba (USA), Anais Heghoyan – Mezzo (UK), Ani Batikian – Violin (Armenia) and Sarkis Zakarian – Piano (Bulgaria). 

The orchestra, whose Patron is the renowned violinist Levon Chilingirian OBE and is itself formed by Armenian and non-Armenian professional musicians currently residing in UK, will perform under the baton of conductor Gustavo Ubeda. 

The programme will comprise pieces by Armenian composers Komitas, Ganatchian, Alan Hovhaness and Kristina Arakelyan, American composer Pasquale Tassone, a specially commissioned work by British composer Roland Roberts and concluding with Beethoven’s “Emperor” Piano Concerto. 

The concert will be held on Saturday 7th November at 19.30 in St. John’s Smith Square, London. Tickets are available on-line and at the box office at St. John's Smith Square (£20, £15, £10). 

Please follow the link below for online tickets Saturday, 7 November, 2015 - 19:30 AGBU London Chamber Orchestra Together for Armenia 

We hope you will be able to support this memorable event. It promises to be a fitting musical tribute to Armenia as a heroic nation remembering its victims and celebrating its future, while bringing all Armenians together. 

 

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London Armenian Opera “David Bek” 

London Armenian Opera will be Performing Armen Tigranian's Opera "David Bek" on the 18th and 19th of December 2015 at 7.30pm at the Benjamin Britten Theatre at the Royal College of Music, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BS. 

Ticket prices: £35, £25, £15
Concessions (under 16 & disabled) = 20%
(Not suitable for children below 8 years of age)
To book tickets please contact:
01923 773 277 or 07867 672 787
Or email:Londonarmenianopera@virginmedia.com Cheques made payable to London Armenian Opera to Beacon Way, 

Rickmansworth, WD3 7PG 

www.londonarmenianopera.com 

 

 

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Upcoming Events 

DIOCESAN PROGRAMMES
Forthcoming Events in November and December 

Ecumenical Service 

A Special Service to Celebrate the Lives of the Newly Sainted Armenian Martyrs of 1915
Wednesday, 28th October, Westminster Abbey
Entrance from 5:30pm; ticket holders are requested to be seated by 6:30pm. For security reasons, please bring one form of identification with you (passport, driving licence) which you may be asked to produce with your ticket before you enter the Abbey. Please keep baggage to a minimum. 

Bible Studies 

Every Thursday, at St. Sarkis Church Gulbenkian Hall led by the Primate and the clergy of the Diocese.
Bible Studies are an important part of the church’s ministry as they provide opportunities for the faithful and those who are interested and curious to have a deeper understanding of Christianity and to ask questions about their faith, beliefs and concerns. During Bible studies we make observations (what do passages in the Bible say?), provide interpretation (what do they mean?) and ask how applicable these passages are to our lives today. Open to everyone. 

Forthcoming dates: 

October: 29th
November: 5th, 12th, 19th, 26th December: 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd 

Deacons’ Training 

Deacons’ training takes place every Sunday at 5:00pm in the Vicarage, St. Sarkis Church. In November and December rehearsals are taking place for special hymns of the Midday Prayer - Ճաշու շարական, which are sung during the Divine Liturgy. For more details please contact the Diocesan office. 

International Conference 

“Building Inclusive Societies Together” visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Conference by the Council of Europe
Sunday to Tuesday 1st-3rd November
Bishop Hovakim Manukyan will represent the Armenian Church at this important conference. For more details, please contact the Primate. 

Lecture: “Challenges Facing Eastern Christianity Caught in Extremism and Destruction in the Middle East”
Dr. Hratch Tchilingirian, the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford.
Monday, 30th November, 7:00pm at Armenian House 

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The Middle East is the cradle of Christianity and multi-ethnic Christian communities are amongst the most ancient natives in the region. Four of the five most important hierarchical centres in Christianity are in the Middle East today whose roots go back two millennia (namely, the Patriarchates of Antioch, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Constantinople). While small in numbers relative to global Christianity, communities in the Middle East, especially the Levant, have ecclesial significance for the wider Christian world. This talk will discuss the many challenges that Eastern Christians face in the Middle East today, including war, militant extremism, interreligious conflicts, exile, socio-economic decline and migration. 

Dr. Hratch Tchilingirian is a sociologist of religion and associate faculty member of the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford. From 2002 to 2012 he taught and held various positions at University of Cambridge and has published and lectured extensively on inter-ethnic conflicts in the Caucasus, the Armenian Church, minorities in the Middle East, and Diaspora (www.hratch.info). 

Workshop: Being a Christian in a Secular World 

Wednesday, 9th December, 7:00pm at Armenian House 

Bishop Hovakim Manukyan, Primate, PhD, Church History, will lead this workshop on being a Christian in the modern world and challenges of evangelism on the occasion of the feast of St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew, the first evangelizers of Armenia. The discussions will be facilitated by Dr Hratch Tchilingirian. 

An evangelizing church needs to open up to the people and not be timid to enter the public realm. Such a presence could become possible through the Church’s engagement with the world, as well as the testimony and example Christians provide in their working and living environment. What are the opportunities for the Church to engage with the secular world? How could the Chu