Seta's Armenian Blog: June 2012

ÂÆô 941 Þ2 ́2Â, 30 ÚàôÈÆê 2012

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ØÖÊ-Æ ÐoðÂ2Î2Ü 1⁄4oÎàÚòÀ Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÆ Ø2êÆÜ

ØÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ×·Ý3Å3Ù3ÛÇÝ ËáõÙμÁ (ØÖÊ) Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ù3ëÇÝ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï3Í ¿ Çñ Ñ»ñ- Ã3Ï3Ý 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÁ, áõñ Ï’3Ý1ñ313éÝ3Û Ø3ÛÇë 6-Ç ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, 2013- ÇÝ Ï3Û3Ý3ÉÇù Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, »ñÏñÇÝ Ù¿ç Ù3ÙáõÉÇ Çñ31ñáõÃ»3Ý, ÇÝã- å¿ë Ý3»õ ß3ñù ÙÁ Û3ÝÓÝ3ñ3ñ3ÏÝ»ñ Ï’3é3ç3ñÏ¿ ÐÐ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ‘ 3éÏ3Û ËÝ1ÇñÝ»ñÁ ÉáõÍ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

1⁄4»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç ÏÁ ÝßáõÇ, áñ Ø3ÛÇëÇÝ Ï3Û3ó3Í ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ¿Ý Û»ïáÛ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ ÏÁ å3ïñ3ëïáõÇ 2013 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ‘ 3é3Ýóù3ÛÇÝ Ýß3Ý3ÏáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ Ý3Ë3- ·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, áñáÝù åÇïÇ Ï3ÝËáñáß»Ý, Ã¿ áñù3Ýáí »ñÏÇñÁ Ó»ñμ31⁄23ïáõ3Í ¿ »ñÏáõ ï3ëÝ3Ù»3Ï ß3ñáõÝ3Ï ÁÝïñ3Ï»ÕÍÇùÝ»ñáí Çñ3Ï3Ý3óáõáÕ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ¿Ý »õ Ã¿ áñù3Ýáí ÏñÝ3Û Ó»õ3õáñ»É ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝ, áñáõÝ ûñÇÝ3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ÃáÛÉ Ïáõ ï3Û Çñ3Ï3Ý3ó- Ý»É Ñ3ÙÁÝ1·ñÏáõÝ μ3ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ »õ Ï3ñ·3õáñ»É 2ïñå¿Û×3ÝÇ Ñ»ï 3éÏ3Û ËÝ1ÇñÝ»ñÁ:

¦Ü3Ë3·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ 3ïÇÏ3 å3ï»Ñ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ¿ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñáõÝ 3éç»õ óáõó3μ»ñ»Éáõ å»ï3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÇ ÇÙ3ëïáõÃÇõÝ‘ Û3é3çÇÏ3ÛÇÝ ëå3ëáõáÕ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝ- Ý»ñ¿Ý 3é3ç, áñáÝù Ñ3õ3Ý3μ3ñ Ùñó3Ïó3ÛÇÝ åÇïÇ ÁÉÉ3Ý§,- Ýßáõ3Í ¿ 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç:

ö3ëï3ÃáõÕÃÇÝ Ù¿ç ÏÁ ÝßáõÇ, áñ 2008 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ Û»ïÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý μéÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Û3- çáñ13Í ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ×·Ý3Å3ÙÁ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3»õ Ñ3Ù3ßË3ñÑ3ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ë3Ï3Ý ×·Ý3Å3ÙÁ óÝó3Í »Ý Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ:

¦ø3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý áã μ3õ3ñ3ñ Ï3ÙùÁ »õ Ëáßáñ ·áñÍ3ñ3ñÝ»ñáõ 1Ç3Ù1ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ËÉ3óáõó3Í ¿ 3ñ1¿Ý ÇëÏ áõß3ó3Í 3ÛÝ »ñÏãáï μ3ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ëÏë3Í ¿ÇÝ: 2ñ- 1ÇõÝùáí‘ ïÝï»ëáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï¿ ÃáÛÉ »õ ùÇã 3ÛÉ31⁄23Ý »õ 1ñëÇ 1ñ3Ù3Ï3Ý ÷áË3ÝóáõÙ- Ý»ñ¿Ý íï3Ý·3õáñ Ï3Ëáõ3ÍáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç ÙÝ3É§,- ÏÁ ÝßáõÇ 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç:

ØÊÖ 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÁ 3ÛÝáõÑ»ï»õ ÏÁ ÝßáõÇ, áñ μ3ñÓñ Ù3Ï3ñ13Ïáí Ï3ß3é3Ï»ñáõÃ»3Ý »õ ÷ï3ÍáõÃ»3Ý 1¿Ù å3Ûù3ñÇ ù3ÝÇ ÙÁ Éáõñç ÷áñÓ»ñ »Õ3Í »Ý, ë3Ï3ÛÝ ·áñÍ31Çñ ÇßË3Ýáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ ÷3ëï3óÇ ÏÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï¿ ÙÝ3É 3Ýí»ñ3ÑëÏ»ÉÇ:

¦ ̧3ï3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Á 3ÝÏ3Ë ã¿ »õ μ3ÕÏ3óáõóÇã ã¿. 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ í»ñ3ÑëÏ¿ 13ï3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÁ, »õ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ3ßáõ»ïáõ 13ñÓÝ»Éáõ Ù»ù3ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ñÁ Ù»Í Ñ3ßÇõáí 3Ý3ñ1ÇõÝ3õ¿ï »Ý§,- ÏÁ Ýß»Ý 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ñ»ÕÇÝ3ÏÝ»ñÁ:

1⁄4»ÏáÛóÁ Ï’3Ý1ñ13éÝ3Û Ý3»õ Ð3Ûëï3ÝÇ Ù¿ç Ù3ÙáõÉÇ ßáõñç ïÇñáÕ Çñ31ñáõÃ»3Ý‘ Ýß»Éáí, áñ Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ 31⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝÁ μ3õ3ñ3ñ ã¿:

¦Â¿»õ Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñáõÝ »õ Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõÝ 1¿Ù 3ÝûñÇÝ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ ÃÇõÁ Ýáõ31⁄23Í ¿, ë3Ï3ÛÝ Ñ»éáõëï3ï»ëáõÃ»3Ý áÉáñïÇÝ Ù¿ç ï3Ï3õÇÝ Ï3ñÍÇùÝ»ñáõ μ31⁄2Ù3- 1⁄23ÝáõÃ»3Ý ÁÝ1·Íáõ3Í å3Ï3ë Ï3Û, ÙÇÝã1»é Ñ»éáõëï3ï»ëáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï¿ ÙÝ3É Ñ3- Û3ëï3ÝóÇÝ»ñáõ ·»ñ3ÏßÇé Ù»Í3Ù3ëÝáõÃ»3Ý ï»Õ»Ï3ïáõáÃ»3Ý 3ÕμÇõñÁ§,- Ýßáõ3Í ¿ ÷3ë- ï3ÃáõÕÃÇÝ Ù¿ç:

¦Ü3Ë3·3Ñ ê3ñ·ë»3Ý »õ 3Ýáñ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ ·Çï3ÏóÇÝ 3Ù»Ý3Ññ3ï3å ËÝ1Çñ- Ý»ñ¿Ý ß3ï»ñáõÝ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ μ31⁄2Ù3ÃÇõ μ3ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÁÝ13Ù¿ÝÁ ÃáõÕÃÇ íñ3Û »Ý Ï3Ù »ÝÃ31- ñ3μ3ñ 3ÝáÝù Ùß3Ïáõ3Í »Ý 3ÛÝå¿ë, áñ ÏÇñ3ñÏÙ3Ý Ù»ù3ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ñÁ 3Ý3ñ1ÇõÝ3õ¿ï ÁÉÉ3Ý: ́3ñ÷áËáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÝÏ3ïÙ3Ùμ 1⁄2·áõß3õáñ, 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3Ý Ñ»ï3Ùáõï Ùûï»óáõÙÁ É3õ3·áÛÝ å3- ñ3·3ÛÇÝ »ñ»ñáõÝ Ï3ÇõÝáõÃÇõÝ Ï’3å3Ñáí¿§,- Ï’ÁëáõÇ 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç:

2ÛÝáõÑ»ï»õ ØÊì 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ñ»ÕÇÝ3ÏÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ ·ñ»Ý, áñ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý »õ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ý§ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝáõÃ»3Ý ÷Éáõ1⁄2áõÙÁ »õ Ýáñ, 3õ»ÉÇ Ùñó3Ïó3ÛÇÝ ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ Ó»õ3õáñáõÙÁ í3ñã3Ï31⁄2ÙÇÝ Ñ3Ù3ñ ÏñÝ3Û μ3ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÁ Çñ3- Ï3Ý3óÝ»Éáõ 3ÝÑñ3Å»ßï ËÃ3Ý Ñ3Ý1Çë3Ý3É:

¦ê3Ï3ÛÝ ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ×3Ý3å3ñÑÇÝ Ï3Õ3ÉÁ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ ÏÁ Ýß3Ý3Ï¿ ã3Ùñ3óÝ»É Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ áõÅÁ§:

¦ÂoðÂ§

Ð2Ú2êî2Ü3⁄4 2ðî2¶2ÔÂÀ ÎÀ Þ2ðàôÜ2ÎàôÆ

2Ûë ï3ñáõ3Û 3é3çÇÝ 5 3ÙÇëÝ»ñáõÝ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý¿ 1áõñë »Ï3ÍÝ»ñáõ ÃÇõÁ Ùûï 80 Ñ31⁄23- ñáí 3õ»ÉÇ ¿ ù3Ýa Å3Ù3Ý3ÏÝ»ñÁ:

2Ûë ïáõ»3ÉÝ»ñÁ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï3Í ¿ î3ñ3Íù3ÛÇÝ Ï3é3í3ñÙ3Ý Ý3Ë3ñ3ñáõÃ»3Ý ·3ÕÃ3- Ï3Ý3Ï3Ý å»ï3Ï3Ý Í3é3ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ:

ÄáÕáíñ13·Çñ èáõμ¿Ý o·3Ý»3ÝÇ Ï3ñÍÇùáí, Ù»ÏÝ3ÍÝ»ñáõ Ù¿Ï Ù3ëÁ 3ßË3ï3ÝùÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ 1áõñë »ÏáÕÝ»ñ¿Ý »Ý, áñáÝù ëáíáñ3μ3ñ ï3ñáõ3Û í»ñçÇÝ ÏÁ í»ñ313éÝ3Ý: ØÇõë Ù3ëÁ í»ñç- Ý3Ï3Ý3å¿ë 3ñï3·3ÕÃáÕÝ»ñÝ »Ý:

ä»ï3Ï3Ý ÝáÛÝ Í3é3ÛáõÃ»3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ, 3Ýó»3É ï3ñÇ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý¿Ý Ù»ÏÝ3Í »Ý áõ ã»Ý í»ñ313ñÓ3Ía 44 Ñ31⁄23ñ Ñ3Û3ëï3ÝóÇÝ»ñ: ÆëÏ 2000-20011 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñáõÝ »ñÏÇñ¿Ý 3ñï3- ·3ÕÃ3ÍÝ»ñáõ ÃÇõÁ ÏÁ Ï31⁄2Ù¿ ßáõñç 236 Ñ31⁄23ñ 3ÝÓ:

ÄáÕáíñ13·Çñ o·3Ý»3ÝÇ Ï3ñÍÇùáí, Û3é3çÇÏ3ÛÇÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ μÝ3ÏãáõÃ»3Ý Ãáõ3ù3- Ý3ÏÇ íñ3Û μ3ó3ë3Ï3Ý ÇÙ3ëïáí ÏÁ ëÏëÇ 31⁄21»É áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ 3ñï3·3ÕÃÁ, 3ÛÉ»õ ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃ»3Ý Ýáõ31⁄2áõÙÁ:

èáõμ¿Ý o·3Ý»3Ý ÏÁ ï»Õ»Ï3óÝ¿, áñ 2007 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ Çñ Õ»Ï3í3ñáõÃ»3Ùμ Ï3ï3ñáõ3Í Ñ»ï31⁄2ûïáõÃ»3Ý 3ñ1ÇõÝùÝ»ñáía »Ã¿ ·áñÍûÝÝ»ñÁ 1⁄23ñ·3Ý3Ý É3õ3ï»ë3Ï3Ý »Õ3Ý3Ïáí, 3å3 2057 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ μÝ3ÏãáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÿÁÉÉ3Û 2.9 ÙÇÉÇáÝ:

¦ê3Ï3ÛÝ Ý»ñÏ3ÛáõÙ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ μÝ3ÏãáõÃÇõÝÝ 3Û1 ÃáõÇó 3ñ1¿Ý å3Ï3ë ¿§, - 3õ»Éóáõó ÅáÕáíñ13·ÇñÁ‘ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»Éáí. - ¦ÆëÏ 3Ù»Ý3í3ï3ï»ë3Ï3Ý ï3ñμ»ñ3Ïáí‘ »ñμ ÙÇ·ñ3óÇ3Ý ß3ñáõÝ3ÏõáõÙ ¿, ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃ»3Ý 3ÝÏáõÙÁ ß3ñáõÝ3ÏõáõÙ ¿, Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ ãÇ Ï3ñ·3õáñõáõÙ, 3å3... Ùûï 1 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 300 Ñ31⁄23ñÇ Ù3ëÇÝ ¿ñ Ëûëù ·ÝáõÙ: 2ÙμáÕç ó3õÝ 3ÛÝ ¿, áñ 13ï»Éáí 3Ûëûñáõ3Û 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3Ý ÇñáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó, 3õ»ÉÇ éÇ3ÉÇëï3Ï3Ý ¿ ÃõáõÙ í3ï3ï»ë3Ï3Ý ï3ñμ»ñ3ÏÁ, ù3Ý É3õ3ï»ë3Ï3ÝÁ§:

¶3ÕÃ3Ï3Ý3Ï3Ý å»ï3Ï3Ý Í3é3ÛáõÃ»3Ý å»ïÇ ï»Õ3Ï3É ÆñÇÝ3 ̧3õÃ»3ÝÁ ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝ§ é3ïÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇÝ ÷áË3Ýó»ó, áñ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ å»ï3Ï3Ý Ù3ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ 1Åáõ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ áõÝÇÝ Ûëï3Ï ·Ý3Ñ3ï3Ï3Ý ï3Éáõ, Ã¿ Ð3Ýñ3å»ïáõÃ»Ý¿Ý áñù3Ý Ù3ñ1 3ñï3·3ÕÃ3Í ¿:

2ôêîðÆ2ÚÆ Ü2Ê2¶2Ð. §oê ̧oè ̧äðàòàôØ oØ Î2ð ̧2òoÈ üð2Üò ìoðüoÈÆ ¶ÆðøÀ¦

2õëïñÇ3ÛÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ Ð3ÛÝó üÇß»ñÇ »õ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ù3ÙÉáÛ 3ëáõÉÇëÁ oñ»õ3ÝÇ Ù¿ç

2õëïñÇ3ÛÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ Ð3ÛÝó üÇß»ñÇ 3ÏÝÏ3ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý 3ÛóÇó ÉÇáíÇÝ 3ñ13ñ3- ó3Ý: 2Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ Ý3 Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»É ¿ ÚáõÝÇëÇ 26-ÇÝ oñ»õ3ÝáõÙ‘ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ù3ï»Õ 3ëáõÉÇëáõÙ:

Üñ3 Ëûëùáí, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ÝÏ3ïÙ3Ùμ Ñ»ï3ùñùñáõÃÇõÝÁ í3Õáõó ¿ Í3·»É, »õ 1»é 1åñá- óáõÙ Ý3 Ï3ñ13ó»É ¿ üñ3Ýó ì»ñý»ÉÇ Û3ÛïÝÇ ëï»ÕÍ3·áñÍáõÃÇõÝÁ (¦Øáõë3 É»é3Ý 40 ûñÁ§- ËÙμ.): àõë3ÝáÕ3Ï3Ý ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Í3ÝûÃ3ó»É ¿ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ å3ïÙáõÃ»3ÝÁ, 3ë»É ¿ 2õëïñ- Ç3ÛÇ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÁ‘ ÁÝ1·Í»Éáí 2Ý3ëï3ë ØÇÏá»3ÝÇ 1»ñÁ ÊêÐØ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃÇõÝáõÙ: ¦¶ñù»ñáí »ë Í3ÝûÃ »Ù Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ μÝ3å3ïÏ»ñÇÝ§,- 3ë»É ¿ üÇß»ñÁ:

Üß»Éáí, áñ 3ÛóÇó Çñ 3ÏÝÏ3ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ ÉÇáíÇÝ 3ñ13ñ3ó3Ý, 2õëïñÇ3ÛÇ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÁ Ýß»É ¿, Ã¿ áõñ3Ë ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ í3ÕÁ Í3ÝûÃ3Ý3É Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ùß3ÏáõÃ3ÛÇÝ Å3é3Ý·áõÃ»3Ý Ñ»ï: ¦2õëïñ- Ç3ÛáõÙ É3õ 13ÑáõÏáñ1Ý»ñ Ï3Ý, ÇëÏ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ‘ É3õ ß3ËÙ3ïÇëïÝ»ñ§,- ÝÏ3ï»É ¿ üÇß»- ñÁ:

2õëïñÇ3ÛÇ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ù3ï»Õ 3ëáõÉÇëÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ 3ë3ó Ã¿, Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ Õ3ñ3μ3Õ»3Ý Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõÃ»3Ý ßáõñç ß3ñáõÝ3ÏáõÙ ¿ Ù3ñï3Ññ3õ¿ñ ÉÇÝ»É ÇÝãå¿ë ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3ÝÇ, 3ÛÝå¿ë ¿É oõñáå3ÛÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

¦Ø»Ýù ã»Ýù ï»ëÝáõÙ Õ3ñ3μ3Õ»3Ý Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõÃ»3Ý ÉáõÍÙ3Ý 3ÛÉÁÝïñ3Ýù, μ3óÇ Ë3- Õ3Õ Ï3ñ·3õáñáõÙÇó‘ o2ÐÎ ØÇÝëÏÇ ËÙμÇ ßñç3Ý3ÏÝ»ñáõÙ§,- ÁÝ1·Í»É ¿ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3- ·3ÑÁ, Û3õ»É»Éáí, áñ, ó3õûù, 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ, í»ñçÇÝ ßñç3ÝáõÙ é31⁄2Ù3ï»Ýã Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ »õ 3ÝÑÇÙÝ ÇÝùÝ3íëï3ÑáõÃÇõÝÁ É3ñáõ3ÍáõÃÇõÝ »Ý ëï»ÕÍáõÙ ÇÝãå¿ë È»éÝ3ÛÇÝ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕÇ áõ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇ 1⁄4àô ß÷Ù3Ý ·ÍáõÙ, 3ÛÝå¿ë ¿É Ñ3Û-31ñμ»ç3Ý3Ï3Ý ë3Ñ- Ù3ÝÇÝ: oõ å3ï3Ñ3Ï3Ý ã¿, áñ í»ñçÇÝ ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ ß3μ3Ãáõ3Û ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ë31ñ3ÝùÝ»ñÇ 3ñ- 1ÇõÝùáõÙ 1⁄2áÑáõ»É »Ý »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñ, ÇëÏ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ É3ñáõ»É ¿§,- 3ë»É ¿ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ:

o2ÐÎ/ÄÐØÆ¶-À ìoð2Ð2êî2îàôØ 3⁄4 Æð ¶Ü2Ð2î2Î2ÜÜoðÀ

oõñáå3ÛáõÙ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõÃ»3Ý »õ Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃ»3Ý ÄáÕáíñ13- í3ñ3Ï3Ý Ñ3ëï3ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ »õ Ù3ñ1áõ Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ·ñ3ë»Ý»3ÏÇ (o2ÐÎ/ÄÐØÆ¶) »1⁄2ñ3- ÷3ÏÇã 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÁ ÏñÏÇÝ ÷3ëïáõÙ ¿, áñ Ø3ÛÇëÇ 6-Ç Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõ- ÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ 3ÝóÏ3óáõ»É »Ý μ3ñ»÷áËáõ3Í ûñ¿Ýë1ñáõÃ»3Ùμ, 3ãùÇ »Ý ÁÝÏ»É ÙñóáõÝ3Ï, 3ßËáÛÅ »õ 3é3õ»É3å¿ë Ë3Õ3Õ ù3ñá1⁄23ñß3õáí, ÙÇ»õÝáÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ïa ÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý áÕç ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÇ ÝÏ3ïÙ3Ùμ íëï3ÑáõÃ»3Ý ó3Íñ 3ëïÇ×3Ýáí:

1⁄4»ÏáÛóáõÙ ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ù»Ù3Ù»Í 1Çïáñ13Ï3Ý 3é3ù»ÉáõÃÇõÝÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝáõÙ ¿ ÏáÝÏ- ñ»ï 1¿åù»ñ áõ ÷3ëï»ñ: Ø3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë, ÝßõáõÙ ¿ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇÝ áõ 3ß3Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇÝ Ý3ËÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý ù3ñá1⁄2ãáõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç Ý»ñ·ñ3õ»Éáõ Ù3ëÇÝ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3»õ 3ñ- Ó3Ý3·ñõáõÙ ¿, áñ « ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ý§ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ 3Û1 Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Ý»ñÏ3Û3- óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇó Ù¿ÏÁ Ë3Ëï»É ¿ ÀÝïñ3Ï3Ý ûñ¿Ýë·ñùÇ 3ÛÝ 1ñáÛÃÁ, áñÝ 3ñ·»ÉáõÙ ¿ Ùñó3ÏÇóÝ»- ñÇÝ »õ Ýñ3Ýó Ñ»ï 3éÝãáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ μ3ñ»·áñÍ3Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ýáõ¿ñÝ»ñ Ï3Ù Í3é3ÛáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ Ù3ïáõó»É ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇÝ:

¦Â¿»õ Ø3ÛÇëÇ 6-Ç ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÙÁ 3ÝóÏ3óáõ»É ¿ åñáý»ëÇáÝ3É »õ Ã3- ÷3ÝóÇÏ Ó»õáí, ùáõ¿3ñÏáõÃ»3Ý ûñÁ »Õ»É ¿ 3é3õ»É3å¿ë Ë3Õ3Õ »õ Ñ3Ý·Çëï, ùáõ¿3ñÏáõÃÇõÝÁa Ï3ÝáÝ3Ï3ñ·áõ3Í »õ É3õ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í ÁÝïñ3ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñÇ ·»ñ3ÏßÇé Ù3ëáõÙ, 3Û1áõ3Ù»- Ý3ÛÝÇõ, ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 1Çïáñ1Ý»ñÁ ùáõ¿3ñÏáõÃÇõÝÁ μ3ó3ë3Ï3Ý »Ý ·Ý3Ñ3ï»É 1Çï3ñÏáõ3Í ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñÇ 9 ïáÏáëáõÙ, áñÁ 1⁄2·3ÉÇ ÃÇõ ¿§, - ÷3ëïáõÙ ¿ 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÁ:

ØÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 1Çïáñ1Ý»ñÁ, Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë, Ñ3Õáñ1»É »Ý ÙÇ ß3ñù Éáõñç Ë3ËïáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù3ëÇÝ. 1Çï3ñÏáõ3Í ÁÝïñ3ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñÇ 11 ïáÏáëáõÙ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõ»É »Ý ËÙμ3Ï3ÛÇÝ ùáõ¿- 3ñÏáõÃ»3Ý 1¿åù»ñ, 4 ïáÏáëáõÙa íëï3Ñáõ3Í 3ÝÓ3Ýó ùáõ¿3ñÏáõÃ»3Ý 1¿åù»ñ, 7 ïáÏáëáõÙ ùáõ¿3ïáõ÷»ñÁ å3ïß3× Ï»ñåáí ÷3Ïáõ3Í ã»Ý »Õ»É, 12 ïáÏáëáõÙ ãÇ »ñ3ßË3õáñáõ»É ùáõ¿3ñ- ÏáõÃ»3Ý ·3ÕïÝÇáõÃÇõÝÁ:

2Ý1ñ313éÝ3Éáí ùáõ¿3Ã»ñÃÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ3ßáõ3ñÏÇÝ? 1Çïáñ1Ý»ñÁ ÝßáõÙ »Ý, áñ 3Û1 ·áñÍÁÝ- Ã3óÁ ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3ÝáõÙ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óáõ»É ¿ ûñ¿Ýë1ñ3Ï3Ý ã3÷3ÝÇßÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý, 3Û1- áõ3Ù»Ý3ÛÝÇõ 1Çï3ñÏáõ3Í 125 ÁÝïñ3ï»ÕÙ3ë»ñÇó 24-áõÙ, Ï3Ù Çõñ3ù3ÝãÇõñ ÑÇÝ· ï»Õ3Ù3- ë»ñÇó Ù¿ÏáõÙ, ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÁ μ3ó3ë3Ï3Ý ·Ý3Ñ3ï3Ï3Ý ¿ ëï3ó»Éa ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3ÝáõÙ ï»ËÝÇÏ3- Ï3Ý ËÝ1ÇñÝ»ñÇ å3ï×3éáí: Èáõñç Ë3ËïáõÙÝ»ñÁ, Áëï 1Çïáñ1Ý»ñÇ, »1⁄23ÏÇ μÝáÛÃ »Ý Ïñ»É, Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë, 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï»ÕÍÙ3Ý 5 1¿åù ¿ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõ»É:

1⁄4»ÏáÛóÁ ÷3ëïáõÙ ¿, áñ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý3Ë3å3ïñ3ëï3Ï3Ý ßñç3ÝáõÙ Ïáõë3Ïóáõ- ÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù3ëÁ, μ3ó3éáõÃ»3Ùμ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3ÝÇ, Ùï3Ñá·áõÃÇõÝ »Ý Û3ÛïÝ»É ÁÝïñ3óáõ- ó3ÏÝ»ñÇ áñ3ÏÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É‘ åÝ1»Éáí, Ã» áõé×3óáõ3Í Ãáõ»ñÁ, óáõó3ÏÝ»ñáõÙ 3éÏ3Û Ù3Ñ3- ó3Í 3ÝÓ3Ýó 3ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3»õ ÝáÛÝ Ñ3ëó¿áõÙ ·ñ3Ýóáõ3Í Ù»Í3ù3Ý3Ï ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇ 3éÏ3ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï3ñáÕ »Ý û·ï3·áñÍáõ»É ùáõ¿3ñÏáõÃ»3Ý ûñÁ Ù3ÝÇåáõÉÛ3óÇ3Ý»ñ Çñ3Ï3Ý3ó- Ý»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

îàôðÆ1⁄4ØÆ Ì2ô2ÈÜoðàì Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÀ 1⁄4ÆæàôØ 3⁄4 Ð2ðoô2ÜÜoðÆÜ

2ñï»ñÏñÇó Å3Ù3ÝáÕ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ãáõ3ù3Ý3Ïáí Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ 1⁄2ÇçáõÙ ¿ Çñ Ñ3ñ»- õ3ÝÝ»ñÇó 3éÝáõ31⁄2Ý »ñ»ùÇÝ‘ ÂáõñùÇ3ÛÇÝ, ìñ3ëï3ÝÇÝ »õ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇÝ:

Ø2Î-Ç Ï31⁄2ÙáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ 1⁄4μûë3ßñçáõÃ»3Ý Ñ3Ù3ßË3ñÑ3ÛÇÝ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÁ Ññ3å3- ñ3Ï»É ¿ Ñ»ñÃ3Ï3Ý ï3ñ»Ï3Ý 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÁ, áñÇ Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ, 2011-Ç ÐáÏï»Ùμ»ñÇ ïáõ»3ÉÝ»ñáí‘ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ Ù¿Ï ï3ñáõ3Û ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ÁÝ1áõÝ»É ¿ 758 Ñ31⁄23ñ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏ, ÇÝãÁ Ùûï 11 ïá- Ïáëáí 3õ»ÉÇ ¿, ù3Ý 2010-ÇÝ:

2011 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ 21ñμ»ç3Ý ¿ 3Ûó»É»É ßáõñç 1 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 500 Ñ31⁄23ñ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏ‘ Ý3Ëáñ1 ï3ñáõ3Û 1 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 280 Ñ31⁄23ñÇ 1ÇÙ3ó:

îáõñÇ1⁄2ÙÇ áÉáñïáõÙ Ð3ñ3õ3ÛÇÝ ÎáíÏ3ëÇ ÙÇ3ÝÓÝ»3Û 3é3ç3ï3ñÁ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ, íñ3óÇÝ»ñÝ »Ý. Ø2Î-Ç ïáõ»3ÉÝ»ñáí‘ Ù¿Ï ï3ñáõÙ ìñ3ëï3Ý ¿ 3Ûó»É»É 2 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 800 Ñ31⁄23ñ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏ:

oÃ¿ Ð3ñ3õ3ÛÇÝ ÎáíÏ3ëáõÙ ìñ3ëï3ÝÁ 3é3ç3ï3ñÝ ¿ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ãáõ3ù3Ý3Ïáí, 3å3 Ñ3Ù3ßË3ñÑ3ÛÇÝ Ïïñáõ3Íùáí Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ÑÇõëÇë3ÛÇÝ Ñ3ñ»õ3ÝÝ»ñÁ 3é3ç3ï3ñ »Ý 1⁄2μûë3ßñçáõÃ»3Ý Í3õ3ÉÝ»ñÇ 3×Ç óáõó3ÝÇßáí‘ Ù¿Ï ï3ñáõ3Û ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ìñ3ëï3Ý Å3Ù3ÝáÕ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ÃÇõÝ 3õ»É3ó»É ¿ 39 ïáÏáëáí:

Æ 1¿å, ÂáõñùÇ3ÛÇ 2011 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ óáõó3ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ, Áëï Ø2Î-Ç Ù3ëÝ3·¿ïÝ»ñÇ, μ3õ3Ï3Ý ïå3õáñÇã »Ý: êï3ÙμáõÉÁ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3»õ Ãáõñù3Ï3Ý Íáí3÷Ý»3Û Ñ3Ý·ëï3í3Ûñ»ñÁ 3õ»ÉÇ ù3Ý 29 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ 3Ûó»ÉáõÃÇõÝ »Ý 3å3Ñáí»É: ¦oñÏÇñ Å3Ù3Ý3Í ûï3ñ»ñÏñ»3Û ïáõ- ñÇëïÝ»ñÇ ù3Ý3Ïáí ÂáõñùÇ3Ý 3ßË3ñÑáõÙ í»ó»ñáñ1 ï»ÕáõÙ ¿§, - ÝßáõÙ »Ý 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ»ÕÇ- Ý3ÏÝ»ñÁ:

Ø2Î-Ç Ù3ëÝ3·¿ïÝ»ñÁ Ý3»õ áõëáõÙÝ3ëÇñ»É »Ý, Ã¿ ÇÝã 31⁄21»óáõÃÇõÝ »Ý ÃáÕÝáõÙ 1⁄2μû- ë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ 3Ûë Ï3Ù 3ÛÝ å»ïáõÃ»3Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃ»3Ý íñ3Û:

2Ûë 3éáõÙáí Ù»ñ ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3ÝÇ ÙÇ3ÝÓÝ»3Û 3é3ç3ï3ñÁ ÂáõñùÇ3Ý ¿‘ 2010-2011 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇÝ 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ 3Û1 »ñÏñáõÙ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýáõñ 3éÙ3Ùμ Í3Ëë»É »Ý 23 ÙÇÉÇ3ñ1 3Ù»ñÇÏ»3Ý 1áÉ3ñ: ̧Çï3ñÏáõ3Í Å3Ù3Ý3Ï3ßñç3ÝáõÙ 21ñμ»ç3Ý Å3Ù3Ý3Í 1⁄2μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ

Í3Ëë»É »Ý ßáõñç 1 ÙÇÉÇ3ñ1 200 ÙÇÉÇáÝ, ÇëÏ ìñ3ëï3ÝáõÙ‘ 900 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 3Ù»ñÇÏ»3Ý 1áÉ3ñÇó ùÇã 3õ»ÉÇÝ:

1⁄4μûë3ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇó ëï3óáõ3Í »Ï3ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ 3éáõÙáí »õë Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ Ð3ñ3õ3ÛÇÝ Îáí- Ï3ëÇ Û»ïÝ3å3ÑÝ ¿. Ø2Î-Ç ïáõ»3ÉÝ»ñáí‘ Ù¿Ï ï3ñáõÙ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý Å3Ù3Ý3Í ïáõñÇëïÝ»ñÁ Ùûï 445 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 1áÉ3ñ »Ý Í3Ëë»É »ñÏñáõÙ, ÇÝãÁ ÁÝ13Ù¿ÝÁ 37 ÙÇÉÇáÝáí ¿ 3õ»ÉÇ 2010-ÇÝ 3ñ- Ó3Ý3·ñáõ3Í óáõó3ÝÇßÇó:

î3⁄4ð-äoîðàêo2Ü.- § ́ÐÎ-Ü ä3⁄4îø 3⁄4 Î2ðàÔ2Ü2Ú ̧ÆØ2Ü2È ÖÜÞàôØÜoðÆÜ¦

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3é3çÇÝ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ Ð2Î-Ç Õ»Ï3í3ñ È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3Ý

ÀÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ Ð3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÇ 3é3çÝáñ1, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3é3çÇÝ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÁ ÚáõÝÇë 26-ÇÝ Çñ Õ»Ï3í3ñ3Í áõÅÇ Ññ3õÇñ3Í Ñ3Ýñ3Ñ3õ3ùáõÙ ÑÝã»óñ3Í »ÉáÛÃáõÙ Ï3ñÍÇù Û3ÛïÝ»ó, áñ ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝ 13éÝ3Éáõa ́ÐÎ-Ç í×é3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýñ3 ·áÛáõ- Ã»3Ý »õ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý 3å3·3ÛÇ ÙÇ3Ï »ñ3ßËÇùÝ ¿:

¦ÆßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ, μ3óÇ ù3ñá1⁄2ã3Ï3Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó, μÝ3Ï3Ý3μ3ñ, û·ï3·áñÍ»Éáõ ¿, »õ Ï3ñÍ»ë Ã¿, 3ñ1¿Ý ÇëÏ ëÏë»É ¿ û·ï3·áñÍ»É Ñ3ñÏ3ÛÇÝ, áõÅ3ÛÇÝ »õ í3ñã3Ï3Ý ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»- Ë3ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ñÁ§, - í»ñÉáõÍ»Éáí ÁÝÃ3óÇÏ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý 1⁄23ñ·3óáõÙÝ»ñÁa 3ë3ó Ð2Î 3é3çÝáñ- 1Áa »1⁄2ñ3Ï3óÝ»Éáí, - ¦Èáõñç ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍûÝ 13éÝ3Éáõ Û3õ3ÏÝáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ó3ÝÏ3- ó3Í áõÅ, ïáõ»3É å3ñ3·3ÛáõÙ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ§, å¿ïù ¿ Ï3ñáÕ3Ý3Û 1ÇÙ3Ý3É 3Û1 ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ »õ ãí3Ë»Ý3Û 1ñ3ÝóÇó: oÃ¿ 3Ûë 3Ù»ÝÇó Û»ïáÛ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ§ ÑÝ3- 1⁄23Ý1áõÃÇõÝ Û3ÛïÝÇ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇÝ, 3å3 13 ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ Ýñ3, áñå¿ë ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍûÝÇ, í»ñçÁ§:

2Ý1ñ313éÝ3Éáí 3ÛÝ ·Ý3Ñ3ï3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇÝ, áñ ́ÐÎ-Ç Ñ»ï»õáõÙ Ï3Ý·Ý3Í ¿ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ »ñÏñáñ1 Ý3Ë3·3Ñ èáμ»ñ1 øáã3ñ»3ÝÁ, Ï3Ù áñ ́ÐÎ-Ý Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÙ ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝ ã¿, ù3ÝÇ áñ 3Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝ ãÇ 3ñ»É, È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3- ñ»ó, áñ ¦øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ í»ñ313ñÓÇ ëå3éÝ3ÉÇù§ Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÇõÝ ãáõÝÇ »õ ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝ ÉÇÝ»É-ãÉÇÝ»ÉÁ μÝáñáßõáõÙ ¿ áã Ã¿ 3Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ 3ñáõ3Í Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃ»3Ùμ, 3ÛÉ áñ»õ¿ ù3Õ3ù3- Ï3Ý áõÅÇ ÏáÝÏñ»ï Ï3ñ·3íÇ×3Ïáí:

¦Ø¿Ï3Ý·3ÙÁÝ1ÙÇßï å¿ïù ¿ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ»É, áñ øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ í»ñ313ñÓÇ ëå3éÝ3ÉÇùáí Åá- Õáíñ1ÇÝ ë3ñë3÷»óÝ»ÉÁ Ñ»ï3åÝ1áõÙ ¿ Ù¿Ï 3ÏÝÛ3Ûï Ýå3ï3Ï, 3ÛÝ ¿a ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ, áñ- å¿ë ã3ñ»3ó ÷áùñ3·áÛÝÇ, ÇßË3ÝáõÃ»3Ý 3Ùñ3åÝ1áõÙÁ§, - 3ë3ó Ð2Î 3é3çÝáñ1Áa Û3õ»É»Éáí, Ã¿ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ μáÉáñ 3ÛÝ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý Ù3ë »Ý Ï31⁄2ÙáõÙ, ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝ »Ý, ÇëÏ áñáÝù 1áõñë »Ý Ï3é3í3ñáõÃÇõÝÇó, ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝ »Ý, 3ÝÏ3Ë 3ÛÝ μ3ÝÇóa 3Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝ Ïÿ3Ý»Ý, Ã¿ áã:

¦ÆÙ Ï3ñÍÇùáí, 3ÛÝù3Ý ¿É Û3çáÕ ã¿ Ý3»õ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ý§ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ¦Çß- Ë3ÝáõÃ»3Ý 3ÛÉÁÝïñ3Ýù§ ÇÝùÝ3ÛáñçáñçáõÙÁ, ù3ÝÇ áñ μáÉáñ ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ ¿É ÇÝùÝÁë- ïÇÝù»3Ý ÇßË3ÝáõÃ»3Ý 3ÛÉÁÝïñ3Ýù »Ý: àñ»õ¿ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ áã Ã¿ Ýáõ3ëï3óáõÙ ¿, 3ÛÉ å3ïÇõ, áõëïÇ 3Ù»Ý»õÇÝ å¿ïù ã¿ ËñïÝ»É 3Û1 μ3éÇó§, - Ý3»õ 3ë3ó Ð2Î 3é3çÝáñ1 È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÁ:

̧2î2Ê21⁄4àôÂÆôÜÀ âÆ Î2ðÖoÈ ì2ð ̧2Ü úêÎ2Üo2ÜÆÜ

2èÜâàôàÔ ¶àðÌÀ

¶ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõÃÇõÝÁ Ù»ñÅ»É ¿ Ï3ñ×»É 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõÃ»3Ý Í3é3ÛáõÃÇõ- ÝáõÙ (22Ì) ¦êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë§ ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÇÝ »õ Ýñ3 ÑÇÙÝ31Çñ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇÝ 3éÝãáõáÕ ÷áÕ»ñÇ Éáõ3óÙ3Ý Û3ïÏ3ÝÇßÝ»ñáí Û3ñáõóáõ3Í ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁ: 2Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝ§ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï3óñ»ó ·ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2Ç Ù3ÙáõÉÇ ËûëÝ3Ï êáÝ3 îéáõ1⁄2»3ÝÁ:

¦ ́áÕáùÁ áõëáõÙÝ3ëÇñáõ»É ¿ ·ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõÃ»3Ý 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõÃ»3Ý Ù3ñ- ÙÇÝÝ»ñáõÙ ùÝÝáõáÕ »õ ÏÇμ»ñÛ3Ýó3·áñÍáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ»ñáí í3ñãáõÃ»3Ý å»ïÇ ï»Õ3Ï3ÉÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: øÝÝ3ñÏ»Éáí μáÕáùáõÙ Ù3ïÝ3Ýßáõ3Í Ñ3Ý·3Ù3ÝùÝ»ñÁ‘ Ñ3Ý·»É »Ý 3ÛÝ »1⁄2ñ3Ï3óáõ- Ã»3Ý, áñ 3ÛÝ »ÝÃ3Ï3Û ¿ Ù»ñÅÙ3Ý, áõëïÇ »õ Ï3Û3óáõ»É ¿ μáÕáùÁ Ù»ñÅ»Éáõ Ù3ëÇÝ áñáßáõÙ, áñÇ ûñÇÝ3ÏÁ áõÕ3ñÏáõ»É ¿ [úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ] ÷3ëï3μ3ÝÇÝ§, - 3ë3ó îéáõ1⁄2»3ÝÁ:

¶ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2Ç Ù3ÙáõÉÇ ËûëÝ3ÏÁ ãÙ3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝ»ó, Ã¿ ÇÝã å3ï×3é3μ3ÝáõÃ»3Ùμ ¿ μáÕáùÁ Ù»ñÅáõ»É, 3ë3ó‘ 3ÝÑñ3Å»ßïáõÃ»3Ý 1¿åùáõÙ 1ÇÙáõÙ3ïáõÝ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï»É Ù»ñÅÙ3Ý ÑÇÙù»ñÁ: ÆëÏ 1ÇÙáõÙ3ïáõÝ‘ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ ÷3ëï3μ3Ý îÇ·ñ3Ý 2Ã3Ý¿ë»3- ÝÁ, 1»é ãÇ ëï3ó»É 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõÃ»3Ý‘ áõÕ3ñÏ3Í å3ï3ëË3ÝÁ: âÝ3Û3Í 1ñ3Ý 2Ã3Ý¿ë»3ÝÁ ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝ§ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï3óñ»É ¿ñ, áñ »Ã¿ ·áñÍÁ ãÏ3ñ×áõÇ, 3Û1 áñáßáõÙÁ ÏÁ μá- Õáù3ñÏ»Ý 13ï3ñ3ÝáõÙ:

ÚÇß»óÝ»Ýù, 22Ì-Ý åÝ1áõÙ ¿, áñ ¦êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë§ ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÁ Ã3ùóñ»É ¿ Ñ3ñÏ»ñÁ. úë- Ï3Ý»3ÝÇ »õ ÝáÛÝ ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÇ Ñá·3μ3ñÓáõÝ»ñÇ ËáñÑñ1Ç 3Ý13Ù îÇ·ñ3Ý Î3ñ3å»ï»3ÝÇ 3ÝáõÝÝ»ñáí μ3óáõ3Í Ñ3ßáõ»Ñ3Ù3ñÝ»ñÇÝ ÷áË3Ýóáõ»É ¿ 1 ÙÇÉÇáÝ 135 Ñ31⁄23ñ 1áÉ3ñ, áñÁ, Áëï 22Ì-Ç‘ ¦ËÝ1ñ3Û3ñáÛó ·áõÙ3ñ ¿§:

22Ì-áõÙ ùÝÝáõáÕ ·áñÍáõÙ úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÁ Çμñ»õ íÏ3Û ¿ Ý»ñ·ñ3õáõ3Í, ë3Ï3ÛÝ Ã¿ úëÏ3Ý»3- ÝÁ, Ã¿ Ýñ3 ÷3ëï3μ3ÝÁ, ÛÕáõÙ Ï3ï3ñ»Éáí 22Ì-Ç Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃ»3ÝÁ, 3ëáõÙ »Ý, áñ 22Ì-Ý Ý3ËÏÇÝ 3ñï·áñÍÝ3Ë3ñ3ñÇÝ áã Ã¿ áñå¿ë íÏ3Û, 3ÛÉ áñå¿ë Ï3ëÏ3Í»3É 1ÇïáõÙ: 2Û1 å3ï- ×3éáí úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÁ 3ñ1¿Ý »ñÏñáñ1 3Ý·3Ù Ññ3Å3ñõáõÙ ¿ óáõóÙáõÝù ï3É »õ åÝ1áõÙ ¿, áñ ï»- ÕÇ áõÝ»óáÕÇ ïáÕ3ï3ÏáõÙ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý å3ïáõ¿ñ Ï3Û, ù3ÝÇ áñ ÇÝùÝ áõ ¦êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë§ -Á ã»Ý Ï3ñáÕ Ï3å áõÝ»Ý3É ÷áÕ»ñÇ Éáõ3óÙ3Ý Ñ»ï:

§ÆÞÊàÔ Îàôê2ÎòàôÂo2ÜÀ ̧Äàô2ð ÎÀ ÈÆÜÆ 2Ø3⁄4Ü 2Ü¶2Ø

úðÆÜ2¶ÌoðÜ 2ÜòÎ2òÜoÈ¦

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý Ýáñ Íñ3·ñÇ íñ3Û Ñ»ÕÇÝ3ÏÝ»ñÁ Ù»Í ç3Ýù»ñ ã»Ý Ã3÷»É, Ñ3Ï3é3Ï 1¿åùáõÙ 3ÛÝ ÏÁ ÉÇÝ¿ñ 3é3õ»É Ù3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝ »õ ëå»óÇýÇÏ, ×Çß1 ·Ý3Ñ3ïáõ3Í ÏÁ ÉÇ- Ý¿ÇÝ ó3õûï Ï¿ï»ñÁ, áñáÝù »Õ»É »Ý Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»3Ý Ù¿ç: 2Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ, Úáõ- ÝÇëÇ 25-ÇÝ, Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ý1ÇåÙ3ÝÝ 3ë3ó ¦2é3õûï§ ûñ3Ã»ñÃÇ ·ÉË3õáñ ËÙμ3·Çñ 2ñ3Ù 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ: ¦2Ûëûñ ËûëùÁ ÝáÛÝ í3ñã3å»ïÇ »õ ÝáÛÝ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ ¿, áñÁ, Ù»ÕÙ 3ë3Í, É3õ ã1ñë»õáñ»ó Çñ»Ý Ý3Ëáñ1 ßñç3ÝáõÙ: ́Ý3Ï3Ý ¿, áñ Û3çáñ1 ÑÇÝ· ï3ñ- áõ3Û Íñ3·ÇñÁ ·ñ»ÉÇëa 3ÏÝÏ3É»Éáõ ¿ÇÝù, áñ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÇõÝ, Ã¿ ÇÝãá±õ Ý3Ëáñ1 Íñ3·Ç- ñÁ ãÇ Ï3ï3ñáõ»É: ä3ñ1⁄23å¿ë 3ë»Éa ïÝï»ë3Ï3Ý ×·Ý3Å3Ù ¿, ùÇã ¿, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ÙÇßï ×·Ý3- Å3Ù ¿ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ§,- 3ë3ó Ý3:

Üñ3 Ëûëùáí‘ Íñ3·ÇñÝ 3ñ13ñ3óÇûñ¿Ýμ ¿ ùÝÝ313ïáõ»É Ý3»õ 2Ä-áõÙ: 2Ûë 3éáõÙáí ËÙμ3·ÇñÁ 1ñ3Ï3Ý ¿ Ñ3Ù3ñáõÙ ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝáõÙ áõÅ»ñÇ Û3ñ3μ»ñ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ, ù3ÝÇ áñ ÇßËáÕ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3ÝÁ 1Åáõ3ñ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ 3Ù¿Ý 3Ý·3Ù ûñÇÝ3·Í»ñÝ 3ÝóÏ3óÝ»É: ¦Î3ñÍáõÙ ¿ù 3Ù¿Ý 3Ý·3Ù ÏÁ Û3çáÕáõÇ ûÉÇ·3ñËÝ»ñÇÝ, ·áñÍ3ñ3ñÝ»ñÇÝ ù3μ3μÝáóÝ»ñÇó μ»ñ»É ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç Ýñ3Ýù ùáõ¿3ñÏ»±Ý: â»Ý Ï3ñáÕ3Ý3Û, »ñμ»ÙÝ 13 ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ 1Åáõ3ñ: ÆëÏ Û»ïáÛ 3ñ1¿Ý ·»Ý»ñ3ÉÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ Ýëï»Ý Çñ»Ýó ûμÇ»ÏïÝ»ñáõÙ áõ 3Ûëå¿ë 3ë3Í ¦å»é»ñÇõ§ Ïÿ3Ý»Ý§,- Çñ Ï3ñ- ÍÇùÝ 3ñï3Û3Ûï»ó 2. 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ:

2Ý1ñ313éÝ3Éáí 2013Ã ö»ïñáõ3ñÇÝ Ï3Û3Ý3ÉÇù Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝa ¦2é3õûïÇ§ ËÙμ3·ÇñÁ Ï3ñÍÇù Û3ÛïÝ»ó, áñ Ïÿ3é3ç31ñáõ»Ý ä3ñáÛñ Ð3ÛñÇÏ»3ÝÁ, 2ñ3Ù Î3- ñ3å»ï»3ÝÁ, ́ÐÎ-Çó ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÁ, ÇëÏ Ð2Î-Çóa Ðñ3Ý1 ́3·ñ3ï»3ÝÁ:

ÐÐÎ-ÆÜ âoÜ Øî2Ðà¶oÈ ÊàðÐð ̧2ð2ÜÆ

êàôð øÜÜ2 ̧2îàôÂÆôÜÜoðÀ

ÆßËáÕ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3ÝÁ ã»Ý Ùï3Ñá·»É Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý Íñ3·ñÇ ßáõñç ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝáõÙ Í3õ3Éáõ3Í ëáõñ ùÝÝ313ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ:

ÊáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Ó3ÛÝ»ñÇ 75 ÏáÕÙ, 47 1¿Ù, 1 Ó»éÝå3Ñ Û3ñ3μ»ñ3ÏóáõÃ»3Ùμ Ï3- é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý ÑÝ·3Ù»3Û ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»3Ý Íñ3·ñÇ ÁÝ1áõÝáõÙÇó Û»ïáÛ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõ- ë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý ·áñÍ31Çñ Ù3ñÙÝÇ ÝÇëïÁ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ ·ÉË3õáñáõÃ»3Ùμ 3Ýó»É ¿ μ3ñÓñ ïñ3Ù31ñáõÃ»3Ùμ, ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝ§ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇ Ñ»ï 1⁄2ñáÛóáõÙ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó 21⁄2·3- ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý ÷áËÝ3Ë3·3Ñ 3⁄41áõ3ñ1 Þ3ñÙ31⁄23ÝáíÁ‘ Ñ»ñù»Éáí 3ÛÝ Éáõñ»ñÁ, Ã¿ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÁ Ùï3Ñá·áõ3Í ¿ »Õ»É ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý »ñÏûñ»3Û ùÝÝ3ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï ïÇñáÕ É3ñáõ3Í ÙÃÝáÉáñïÇó:

¦Ð3Ï3é3ÏÁ, μáÉáñÇë ïñ3Ù31ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ß3ï μ3ñÓñ ¿ »Õ»É, áñ »Õ»É ¿ Ï3éáõóáÕ3Ï3Ý ùÝÝ3ñÏáõÙ, áñ Ïá3ÉÇóÇáÝ áõÅ»ñÁ ß3ï μ3ñÓñ Ù3Ï3ñ13Ïáí Ý3»õ Ù»ñ ÷3ëï3ñÏÝ»ñÝ »Ý Ûëï3Ï Ý»ñÏ3Û3óñ»É: Ø»Ýù ß3ï É3õ »õ 1ñ3Ï3Ý »Ýù í»ñ3μ»ñõáõÙ 3éáÕç, ëáõñ ùÝÝ313ïáõ- Ã»3ÝÁ »õ ·ïÝáõÙ »Ýù, áñ 3Ûëûñ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ð3Ýñ3å»ïáõÃ»3Ý 5-ñ1 ·áõÙ3ñÙ3Ý 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÁ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ 13éÝ3É 3éáÕç ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ùïù»ñÇ ·»Ý»ñ3óÙ3Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ§, - 3ë3ó Þ3ñ- Ù31⁄23ÝáíÁ:

3⁄41áõ3ñ1 Þ3ñÙ31⁄23ÝáíÁ Ï3ñ»õáñ»ó 3ÛÝ Ñ3Ý·3Ù3ÝùÁ, áñ »Ã¿ Ý3ËÏÇÝáõÙ 3ñï3ËáñÑñ13ñ3- Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝÁ ùÝÝ313ïáõÙ ¿ñ 21⁄23ïáõÃ»3Ý Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÇó »õ Çñ»Ýù Ýñ3Ýó å3ï3ë- Ë3ÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ù3ÙáõÉÇ ÙÇçáóáí, 3å3 3ÛÅÙ ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ 13ÑÉÇ×áõÙ áõÕÇÕ ß÷áõÙÁ 3å3Ñáí- áõ3Í ¿: Ð3ñóÇÝ, Ã¿ ÇëÏ ÇÝãå¿±ë »Ý í»ñ3μ»ñõáõÙ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ý§ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÑÝã»óáõ3Í ëáõñ ùÝÝ313ïáõÃ»3ÝÁ, 3ñ1»û±ù ÐÐÎ-ÇÝ ãÇ íñ1áí- áõ»óñ»É Ý3ËÏÇÝ Ïá3ÉÇóÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáç Ï»óáõ3ÍùÁ, áñÁ ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ 3ÙμÇáÝÇó ãÇ Û3Û- ï3ñ3ñ»É ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Ù3ëÇÝ, Þ3ñÙ31⁄23ÝáíÁ å3ï3ëË3Ý»ó. - ¦ìñ1áíÙáõÝùÁ ù3Õ3- ù3Ï3Ý Ï3ï»·áñÇ3 ã¿: Þ3ï Ñ3Ý·Çëï »õ Ã»Ã»õ, ëáíáñ3Ï3Ý »Ýù í»ñ3μ»ñõáõÙ§:

§Ä2è2Ü¶àôÂÆôÜÀ ̧3⁄4Ø 3⁄4ð Ìð2¶ðÆÜ, àâ Â3⁄4

Î2è2ì2ðàôÂo2ÜÀ¦.- èàô ́3⁄4Ü Ú2Îà ́o2Ü

¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõÝ§ ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃ»3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñ èáõμ¿Ý Ú3Ïáμ»3ÝÝ Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ý- 1ÇåÙ3Ý Å3Ù3Ý3Ï Ýß»ó, áñ ÐÐ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃ»3Ý ÑÝ·3Ù»3Û ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»3Ý Íñ3·ÇñÁ μ3õ3- Ï3ÝÇÝ Éáõñç ¿ »õ Ñ3Ù3ÏáÕÙ3ÝÇ ùÝÝ3ñÏÙ3Ý 3ñÅ3Ý3ó3õ »õ áñ Íñ3·ñÇ ßáõñç ùÝÝ3ñÏáõÙÝ, Çñûù, Û3ñÇñ ¿ñ ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇÝ:

¦2Ä ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõÝ§ ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ 1¿Ù ùáõ¿3ñÏ»ó, μ3Ûó 1¿Ù ¿ñ Íñ3·ñÇÝ, áã Ã¿ Î3- é3í3ñáõÃ»3ÝÁ: ÀÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë, Íñ3·Çñ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝ»ÉÇë å¿ïù ¿ Ñ3ßáõÇ 3éÝáõÇ »ñ»ù Ï¿ïa Ã¿ ÇÝãù3Ýá±í ¿ Çñ3ï»ë3Ï3Ý, 3ñ1»û±ù, 3éÏ3Û »Ý 3ÛÝ Ù»Ë3ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ÙÇçáóáí å¿ïù ¿ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óáõÇ »õ ÇÝãù3Ýá±í ¿ å»ïáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï»Ýë3Ï3Ý ï3ñ3Íù ëï»ÕÍáõÙ 1ñ3Ýó Çñ3Ï3Ý3ó- Ù3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ§,- 3ë3ó Ý3:

¦Ø»ñ 1Çï3ñÏáõÙÝ 3ÛÝ ¿ñ, áñ 3Ûë Ï¿ï»ñÇó áã Ù¿ÏÇÝ 3ÙμáÕç3Ï3Ý å3ï3ëË3Ý ãÇ ï3ÉÇë Íñ3·ÇñÁ§,- Ýß»ó Ý3 »õ 3õ»É3óñ»ó, áñ ùáõ¿3ñÏ»É »Ý Ñ»ï»õ»3É ·Çï3ÏóÙ3Ùμ. ¦Ø»ñ 1ÇÙ3ó Û3ÝáõÝ å»ï3Ï3ÝáõÃ»3ÝÝ ¿ñ, áã Ã¿a ÁÝ11¿Ù ÇßË3ÝáõÃ»3ÝÁ§:

Àëï èáõμ¿Ý Ú3Ïáμ»3ÝÇa 20 ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ μáÉáñ Ï3é3í3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ï3ñáÕ3- ó»É »Ý ëï»ÕÍ»É ÙÝ3ÛáõÝ ÙÇ μ3Ý, ÇÝãÁ ÏáéáõåóÇáÝ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ý ¿, áõ ù3ÝÇ 1»é 1ñ3 1¿ÙÝ 3é- Ý»É ãÇ ÉÇÝáõÙ, Ëûë»É áñ»õ¿ Íñ3·ñÇ Ù3ëÇÝ, ÇÝãÁ ÏÁ Ýå3ëïÇ å»ïáõÃ»3Ý 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3ÝÁa 3õ»- Éáñ1 ¿:

Sarkisian Blames Azerbaijan for Recent Ceasefire Violations

Serzh Sarkisian with Austria’s visiting President Heinz Fischer

YEREVAN -- President Serzh Sarkisian on Tuesday again blamed Azerbaijan for recent cease- fire violations in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone and the lack of progress in Armenian- Azerbaijani peace talks.

“The policy adopted by Azerbaijan in the past year, its bellicose statements and unfounded self-confidence are causing tension both on the [Karabakh] line of contact and the Armenian- Azerbaijani border,” he told a joint news conference with Austria’s visiting President Heinz Fischer. “And it was not accidental that as a result of those provocations young men were killed and the situation escalated in the last several weeks.”

“The situation around Nagorno-Karabakh remains a challenge for the security of both the re- gion and Europe. We see no alternative to a peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict within the framework of the OSCE Minsk Group. But, unfortunately, the policy of Azerbaijan dur- ing the past year, its militarist statements and unjustified arrogance causes tension both near the line of contact in the conflict zone and along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border,” said the President of Armenia.

Sarkisian claimed that the peace process is deadlocked because Azerbaijan accepts only one of three internationally recognized principles that are at the heart of peace proposals made by the three mediating powers. “While claiming to agree to these three principles, Azerbaijan in reality accepts only one of them: the principle of territorial integrity of states,” he said. “It rejects peoples’ right to self- determination and the principle of peaceful solutions to conflicts. So when these principles are really accepted, the conflict will be resolved.The latest flair-up in violence along the Armenian- Azerbaijani border and near Nagorno-Karabakh occurred on June 4-6 amid the regional tour of United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. At least nine soldiers on both sides were killed in the border clashes.

PACE President Against Karabakh Subcommittee

President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) Jean-Claude Mi- gnon voiced his opposition to the activity of a subcommittee on the Nagorno Karabakh conflict set- tlement within the PACE.

“Though I thrust the OSCE Minsk Group’s activity, it should intensify efforts,” he said on Monday, noting that increasing the number of institutions aimed at the conflict resolution an unrea- sonable step. The PACE head further stressed intention to meet with Armenian and Azerbaijani delegations and hold discussions on a Karabakh conflict subcommittee with them.

Turkey Angered by Genocide Conference Held in Prague

Simon Krbec, head of the Research Center for Archeology of Evil

PRAGUE -- The Turkish Embassy in the Czech Republic has complained to a local non- governmental organization about an international conference on genocides and the 1915 Armenian massacres in the Ottoman Empire in particular, highlighting the resistance in Musa Dagh.

The Prague-based Research Center for Archeology of Evil held the conference in the Czech capital on June 18-20 as part of a project designed to combat racism and xenophobia through raising public awareness of crimes against humanity.

Simon Krbec, head of the center, said Turkish Embassy officials invited him and his colleagues to a meeting the day after the conference finished its work. “We were asked why we chose, as they put it, a controversial issue such as the Armenian genocide for the conference,” he told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am). “They tried to explain that they are not happy with this content of the conference, especially considering the fact that from their point of view we did not invite some Turkish researchers to that conference.”

“We replied that we are not dividing historical research into some national or opposite sides, that we follow the mainstream of research on genocide studies in the world,” Krbec said. “We said that, for example, the International Association of Genocide Scholars recognized the Armenian genocide as genocide. So we don’t see a reason to invite some Turkish researchers.”

“They provided us with books about their version of what happened in the Ottoman Empire and they invited us to Istanbul to study their archives,” he added.

During the conference Armenia’s Ambassador to the Czech Republic, Tigran Seyranyan, deliv- ered opening remarks reflecting on Franz Werfel’s novel The Forty Days of Musa Dagh, and noted that on every April 24 the Armenian community of the Czech Republic pays its respects to this great novelist.

The Ambassador also reflected on the Armenian Genocide’s international recognition process and briefed the discussants on the Turkish government’s denialist policy in this regard.

Afterward, thorough presentations were delivered on the Armenians’ self-defense in Musa Dagh, the Armenian Genocide, and official Ankara’s continuing policy of denial. Also, Andrew Goldberg’s documentary entitled “The Armenian Genocide” was screened.

European Court Fines Yerevan for Oppositionist’s Arrest

The European Court of Human Rights has ordered the Armenian authorities to pay 4,500 euros ($5,600) worth of compensation to an opposition figure who was arrested in 2006 for allegedly call- ing for a violent regime change.

Vartan Malkhasian was one of the leaders of a radical opposition group, called the Armenian Alliance of Volunteers, when he was arrested in December 2006. A Yerevan court convicted Malk- hasian of publicly advocating a “violent overthrow of constitutional order” and sentenced him to two years in prison in August 2007.

The oppositionist denied the charges as baseless and politically motivated before appealing to the Strasbourg-based court. He sought 110,000 euros in moral damages.

The court ruled late on Tuesday that Malkhasian’s six-month pre-trial detention violated key provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights. It said Armenian courts failed to substan- tiate their decisions to allow prosecutors to keep him under arrest pending trial.

“I was kept under pre-trial arrest unfairly,” Malkhasian told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am). “I could have been released pending trial because I had no criminal record, I hadn’t gone on the run.”

Malkhasian said he is satisfied with the amount of financial compensation set by the European court as he thinks he has scored a “moral victory” against the Armenian authorities. “These dam- ages should be paid not by the state but the judge who sentenced me,” he said.

Malkhasian added that he now expects a court ruling on his second lawsuit lodged with the Strasbourg court. It challenges the fairness and legality of the two-year prison sentence which the politician, now affiliated with the opposition Armenian National Congress (HAK), served in full. The authorities in Yerevan have already been fined by the European Court of Human Rights for con- troversially jailing other opposition members in the past. The court is expected to rule in the com- ing years on the equally controversial imprisonment of dozens of other oppositionists in the wake of Armenia’s disputed February 2008 presidential election.

International Crisis Group Report on Armenia: An Opportunity for Statesmanship

Executive Summary and Recommendations

After May’s parliamentary elections, Armenia is preparing for a pivotal presidential vote in 2013 that will determine whether it has shed a nearly two-decade history of fraud-tainted elections and put in place a government with the legitimacy needed to implement comprehensive reform and resolve its problems with Azerbaijan. President Serzh Sarkisian has a brief opportunity to demon- strate statesmanship before he again faces the voters in what is likely to be a competitive contest. Sarkisian has demonstrated some courage to promote change, but like his pre-decessors, he has thus far failed to deal effectively with serious economic and governance problems, including the debili- tating, albeit low-intensity, Nagorno-Karabakh war. Another election perceived as seriously flawed would serve as a further distraction from peace talks and severe economic problems. The likely con- sequences would then be ever more citizens opting out of democratic politics, including by emigra- tion.

The genuinely competitive parliamentary election had some positive signs. Media coverage during much of the campaign was more balanced, and free assembly, expression and movement were largely respected. The president’s ruling Republican Party won a solid majority of seats, but its former coalition partner, Prosperous Armenia – associated with rich businessman and ex-president Robert Kocharian – came in a strong second. The Armenian National Congress (ANC), led by the first post-independence president, Levon Ter-Petrossian, returned to parliament after a more than ten-year absence. Nevertheless, many old problems reappeared: abuse of administrative resources; inflated voters lists; vote-buying; lack of sufficient redress for election violations; and reports of multiple voting and pressure on some voters. Reforms adopted after the violence that left ten dead and 450 injured following the 2008 election that brought Sargsyan to power were spottily imple- mented.

It is crucial that the February 2013 election in which Sarkisian will seek a second term, be- comes “the cleanest elections in Armenian history”, as the president had promised, not least because polls show very low trust in nearly all government bodies and institutions, including the presidency and parliament. The president initially took some bold steps, most noteworthy attempting to normal- ise relations with Turkey. A new class of under-40 technocrats, less influenced by Soviet ways of decision-making, has risen through the ranks and is widely seen as favouring a new style of gov- ernment. But change has been slow. Political courage is needed to overhaul a deeply entrenched system in which big business and politics are intertwined in a manner that is often at least opaque. This manifests itself most vividly through the domination of much of the economy by a small group of rich businessmen with government connections.

The political crisis after the 2008 post-election violence, as well as the 2009 world economic crisis, shook Armenia. Weak political will and the resistance of vested interests muted many of the long-overdue, if timid, reforms the administration started. The economy consequently remains undi- versified, unhealthily reliant on remittances. Rates of emigration and seasonal migration abroad are alarmingly high. There have been few serious efforts to combat high-level corruption. The executive branch still enjoys overwhelming, virtually unchecked powers. The judicial system is perceived as neither independent nor competent: the prosecutor dominates procedures, and mechanisms to hold authorities accountable are largely ineffective.

Media freedom is inadequate. Outright harassment of journalists and media outlets has de- creased, but there is still a glaring lack of diversity in television, from which an overwhelming ma- jority of Armenians get their information. No nationwide broadcasters are regarded as fully inde- pendent.

Russia remains Armenia’s key ally – both its main security guarantor and biggest trading and investment partner. Because of the war with Azerbaijan and frozen ties with Turkey, Yerevan has few realistic alternatives to Moscow, though it has frequently sought a “multi-vector” foreign policy and deeper ties with Euro-Atlantic partners. The EU and U.S. are trying to increase their influence, offering expertise and other aid to promote reforms, but they should do more to keep the govern- ment accountable and encourage the building of democratic institutions, especially if they want to be seen as credible, even-handed critics throughout the region with elections also due in Georgia and Azerbaijan in 2012-2013. Twenty years after the breakup of the Soviet Union, peaceful democ- ratic transitions of power have yet to become the norm in the South Caucasus.

President Sarkisian and his government acknowledge many of the most pressing problems, but numerous reforms exist only on paper or seem deliberately designed with ineffective enforcement mechanisms. The cautious, evolutionary approach to reforms provides at best weak stability. The breakup of the Republican-Prosperous Armenia governing coalition and a more competitive parlia- ment may now provide the stimulus the administration needs. Limping towards change, however, would neither capitalise on Armenia’s strengths nor be a good presidential campaign strategy. The country needs a better future than a stunted economy and dead-end conflicts with neighbours.

Recommendations

To further democratisation, economic growth and reform and make the government better pre- pared to engage in difficult discussions with Azerbaijan over resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

To the Government of Armenia:

1. Make deep governance and economic reforms a top priority to build public trust in state in- stitutions.

2. Address the shortcomings of the electoral process identified by the International Election Observation (IEO) mission; improve, in particular, voter lists and the complaints and appeals pro- cedure; and investigate and penalise abuses of the elections process by state officials.

3. Continue to make the fight against corruption a state priority by prosecuting officials in- volved in fraud.

4. Pass a new Criminal Procedure Code that strengthens the independence of the judiciary, in- creases the role of the defence and decreases the prosecutor general’s powers; and improve the ef- fectiveness of the Administrative Court to hold officials accountable.

5. Increase financial support for the office of the ombudsman, especially its activities in the regions.

6. Establish civilian control and accountability of the police; tackle corruption in the force; and consider establishing a ministry to which the police would be subordinate.

7. Redouble efforts to resolve the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with Azerbaijan and maintain an open approach to resuming a dialogue with Turkey.

To the U.S., EU and international organisations:

8. Offer technical and financial assistance to help the government address voter registration problems, especially bloated voters lists, which undermine public trust in elections.

9. Support aggressive judicial reform programs linked to the setting of benchmarks for imple- mentation of the “strategic action plan 2012-2016” and passage of a new Criminal Procedure Code. 10. Increase funding to non-state actors to support re-form; and hold the government accountable for any backsliding from progress achieved during the 2012 parliamentary vote regarding media ac- cess and freedom of assembly and expression.

Armenia Accuses Azerbaijan of Human Rights Violation During Karabakh Conflict

NEW YORK -- Armenia’s Permanent Representative at the UN, Ambassador Karen Nazaryan delivered a speech at the discussions on the issue of protection of the civilian population during conflicts held at the UN Security Council.

Speaking about the Karabakh conflict, Ambassador Karen Nazaryan emphasized Azerbaijan’s responsibility for the crimes against humanity committed at the conflict zone. He said the Azerbai- jani authorities are responsible for the violation of rights of hundreds of thousand of displaced per- sons and refugees, the ethnic cleansings and aggression unleashed in response to the realization of the right of the people of Nagorno Karabakh to self-determination, as well as the massacre of the Azerbaijani population in Khojalu.

Ambassador Nazaryan informed members of the Security Council that Armenian settlements of Artsvashen, Shahumyan in the north of NKR, Getashen and another 18 villages were razed to the ground as a result of the conflict, about twenty settlements are still occupies by Azerbaijan.

The Ambassador added that “Azerbaijan continues the infringements against the frontline set- tlements of independent Artsakh and Armenia, turning down the calls of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairs and the UN Security Council to implement confidence-building measures.” In that context the Ambassador noted that Armenia welcomes the Los Cabos statement of the Presi- dents of the Minsk Group co-chairing countries and urged the Azerbaijani side to stop all kind of provocations at the Armenian border and the line of contact with Nagorno Karabakh.

Turkey to Restore Ties With France

ANKARA -- Turkey has agreed to restore all ties with France, Foreign Minister Ahmet Da- vutoglu said on Thursday, stating that sanctions imposed on Paris would no longer be implemented.

“Sanctions will drop from the agenda thanks to this new stance adopted by France,” Davutoglu said in a televised interview, adding that he would be visiting Paris next month. New French Presi- dent Francois Hollande promised to open a “new page” in relations, which hit a low in December after France's lower house of parliament voted overwhelmingly in favor of a draft law to make it il- legal to deny the Armenian Genocide.

Turkish-French relations deteriorated under Hollande’s predecessor Nicolas Sarkozy, who an- gered Ankara when he pushed ahead with the bill to criminalise denial of the Armenian genocide in 1915. After the contentious bill passed in the National Assembly Turkey retaliated by suspending military and political cooperation with Paris.

But France’s top constitutional court struck down the bill in February, saying it violated free- dom of expression, in a ruling welcomed by Ankara. Sarkozy vowed to launch new legislation but was defeated at the polls first.

During the interview, Davutoglu said he soon would pay an official visit to Paris for talks with French officials. “After the talks on July 5, this stagnation in bilateral ties will hopefully be over,” he added. A Turkish foreign ministry diplomat told AFP that whether sanctions against France would be dropped would depend on the upcoming meeting.

Armenian Government Program Approved by Parliament

YEREVAN -- In what amounted to a vote of confidence, the Armenian parliament approved on Thursday a five-year program of government actions submitted by Prime Minister Tigran Sarkisian’s new cabinet and strongly criticized by the opposition.

In the next five years the government formed by the ruling Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) and its junior coalition partner Orinats Yerkir, in particular, pledges to double the official minimum wage of 32,500 drams (about $80), create an additional 100,000 jobs, reduce the poverty rate and encourage birthrate.

In his presentation from the parliament tribune Prime Minister Sarkisian defended the feasibility of the pro- gram, describing it as urgent for the nation.

The National Assembly passed it by 75 votes to 47, with one abstention, after two days of heated debates that exposed new battle lines drawn on the Armenian political scene by the May 6 parliamentary elections.

The document was backed by all deputies representing the ruling Party RPA and Orinats Yerkir Party. The four other parliament factions voted against it. The largest of them represents the Prosperous Armenia Party (PAP), which was part of the ruling coalition until this month.

Vartan Oskanian, a senior PAP lawmaker, emphasized the fact that the PAP and the three other, opposition fac- tions won, according to official election results, more than 50 percent of the vote between them on May 6.

“So the political majority, the true majority, is against this program,” Oskanian told RFE/RL’s Armenian ser- vice (Azatutyun.am). “I think that the ruling party and the government must take this fact into account. I think they must revise this program because there is huge resistance.”

Opposition parliamentarians questioned the government’s ambitious socioeconomic targets and pointed to its al- legedly poor track record during the debates. Levon Zurabian, the parliamentary leader of the opposition Armenian National Congress (ANC), also gave a political reason for rejecting the program.

“Can a government that rigged 500,000 to 700,000 votes be accountable to the people? No, such a government will be accountable only to corrupt officials, crime figures and oligarchs ... that carried out that vote rigging,” Zura- bian charged before the parliament vote.

RPA deputies and government ministers hit back at the opposition and especially the PAP. They said the party led by businessman Gagik Tsarukian is also responsible for the state of affairs in Armenia because of having been in government for more than five years. Education Minister Armen Ashotian argued that PAP representatives ran four ministries that absorb more than one third of government spending. “You must come to terms with the results of the parliamentary elections for the next five years because if we fail you will fail too,” Ashotian added, referring to all government opponents in the National Assembly.

Tumanyan’s House in Tbilisi Will Become a Center of Armenian Culture

TBILISI -- The fate of Armenian great writer Hovhannes Tumanyan in Tbilisi is finally decided. Chairman of Armenian Writers’ Union Levon Ananyan had a meeting with the journalists today and during the press conference officially handed the keys of Tumanyan’s house to Primate of the Georgian Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Bishop Vazgen Mirzakhanyan.

“Pan-Armenian foundation of writers has bought the house and presents it to the Georgian Dio- cese of the Armenian Apostolic Church”, Ananyan said.

“This is a great honor and a great responsibility,” the Primate said, and informed that negotia- tions are under way with Tumanyan’s grand-granddaughter on purchasing the other part of the house.

Chairman of the Writer’s Union also thanked Gyumri Mayor Vardan Ghukasyan who assisted to buy the house and also to restore it. “We managed to return to the nation a memory of Tumanyan. So, we will have a center of Armenian culture in Tbilisi which will become a good stimulus to make Armenian cultural life more active there. ”

Primate of the Georgian Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Bishop Vazgen Mirzak- hanyan informed that the cultural center will be officially opened in autumn.

Foreign Debt is Becoming the Main Actor

By Naira Hayrumyan

After the parliamentary elections and Tigran Sarkisian’s appointment as prime minister, the IMF announced a 500 million loan to Armenia, and the World Bank a 200 million loan. Besides, all these major financial organizations approved the economic policy of the prime minister though they notice some flaws. But loans are issued with the hope that the flaws will be attended to.

All the oppositional parties of Armenia criticized the program of Tigran Sarkisian’s government, blamed him for 14% economic decline. The point is that the parties which were formerly conflicting have now united.

The government’s program could have been more credible and substantiated, of course. It could have been bet- ter but looking from the other side it will look like as if all the four opposition forces have appeared on the other side of the barricade with the international financial institutes. And if we take into account that these institutions, IMF and WB, finance the Western policy, we should note that the pro-Western Heritage and other forces of Armenia are acting against the pro-West policy of the ruling party.

This is a conditional division. Nevertheless, those who intend to have their own candidate for president should realize that they will compete with not only the entire administrative machine headed by Serzh Sarkisian but also the financial policy of the West. In the end, it is not a secret that almost half of the amount of pensions and benefits of Armenia are paid from IMF loans which goes directly to the budget. Imagine what will happen if the IMF suddenly demands back the debt and does not issue the next tranche. Hardly anyone doubts that the IMF and others pursue their own goals in Armenia.

Do the alternative and opposition parties think on this situation? What can they propose instead and why ha- ven’t they done it yet? Will the Heritage appear in the “anti-West” camp?

Actually, foreign debt is becoming an almost decisive factor in Armenia. “Thanks” to it Serzh Sarkisian despite pressure did not dismiss Tigran Sarkisian and announced himself a pro-West leader. What else does Armenia have? It is already in debt. Only Tigran Sarkisian seems to “enjoy” this who ensured guarantees of keeping office.

In this case, it is not so important which path should be chosen by Armenia, a pro-West or pro-Russian. It is not even important which of these ways is more progressive because by and large we are found to have no choice due to foreign debt. Just as Serzh Sarkisian does not have any choice. And we are drifting to the West not because it is closer to our civilization but because of someone's fault who pushed us into a huge debt.

What is done with the countries that have large debts? We see the example of Greece and many other countries. At some point they are forced to privatize all national property, and when they resist, they tear off their skin.

The opposition should request clarification from the prime minister and president why the “light” version of the debt was chosen instead of developing the economy. Such claims have already been heard but for now debts are treated as “shortcoming” of Tigran Sarkisian but, in fact, Sarkisian is the “product” of the external debt bondage. Of course, it's too late to do something because the money has been borrowed and spent but if an open public debate is launched on this account, including in Parliament, you can try to determine the level of impact of this factor in the choice of RA and may neutralize it.

Two Book Reviews on Armenian Genocide

The Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity:The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire By Taner Akçam, ISBN-13-978-0691153339,Princeton University Press, 2012, 483 pp. $39.50, Kindle edition: ASIN:B007BP3BIU, $21.73.

Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials By Vahakn N. Dadrian and Taner Akçam, ISBN-13-978-0857452511, Zoryan Institute (Berghahn Books), 2011, 363 pp., $110.00 Reviews by Amb. John M. Evans

These two books are the latest, and perhaps most conclusive, of the many I have read about the 1915 Armenian Genocide. Dr. Taner Akçam's The Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity: The Ar- menian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton University Press, 2012) constitutes a major breakthrough in our understanding of the social engineering that led to the near destruction of the Armenians of Anatolia, and of the dual-track mechanism for organizing it that the Young Turks employed. Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials (Zoryan Institute; 2011) co-authored by Akçam and veteran Armenian historian Vahakn Dadrian, gives the English-speaking world, for the first time, the full story of the courts-martial constituted by the Ottoman Government in 1919 to hold to account the perpetrators of the deportations and massacres (seven of the most important of whom had already escaped to safety on a German warship).

Both volumes are a must for serious scholars of the Armenian Genocide, but The Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity is the better value for most readers (Judgment at Istanbul, published first in Turkish in 2008, and now in English from Berghahn Books, lists at $110), although university libraries will want to have both.

Dr. Akçam, a Turkish historian now at Clark, was the first scholar of Turkish origin to recognize the Armenian Genocide; he has made huge contributions to understanding it in his 2004 From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nation- alism & the Armenian Genocide and A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Respon- sibility (2006) and in innumerable articles and lectures.

A close friend of the Turkish Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, who was assassinated on an Istanbul street in January, 2007, Akçam has himself been the target of death threats, yet he has continued to mine the Ottoman ar- chives, which he is able to read in the pre-reform script, with jaw-dropping results.

One of his recurring themes is that the Ottoman archives, far from painting a picture at odds with that which is already familiar to scholars of American, German and Austrian documentation, actually confirm the basic facts of the 1915 atrocities. But what Akçam has managed to do, this time by scouring the archives of the Ministry of the Interior (presided over at the time by Talat Pasha), is to bring to light the steady, mechanical and precise nature of the Young Turks' obsession with reducing the Armenian population of Anatolia to 5 to 10 per cent of the population in all locali- ties — a goal that required both forced deportations, carried out with an outward show of legality, and massacres, se- cretly ordered through special channels and carried out in large part by the Special Organization () and bands of Kurdish marauders.

In a way, Akçam's account is oddly reassuring, as it gets to a basic and banal, if also horrifying, truth: the Turks did not so much loathe the Armenians as view them as competitors in the impending challenge of building a new state, inspired by extreme Turkish nationalism, on the ruins of the defunct Ottoman Empire.

This is not to understate the crimes committed, which included rape, forced assimilation and murder, as well as wholesale expropriations of land and property: genocide, in short. But as atrocious as the Young Turks' behavior was, it is somehow more comprehensible in terms of the dark logic of Turkish ultra-nationalism, and not just as a result of free-floating ethnic or religious hatred. Still, as Akçam shows, the other Christian and non-Turkish populations — Greeks, Assyrians and Kurds — similarly did not fit into this state-building project, but it was the Armenians who were most savagely targeted for annihilation. They clearly were not removed for “wartime necessity,” as Akçam demonstrates. In particular, it emerges that the Armenian Reform Agreement (Yeniköy Accord) of 1914, forced on the Sultan by the Allies, notably Russia, was viewed by the Young Turks as a major threat — and ultimately did a ter- rible disservice to the Armenians.

Akçam is very careful not to let his elucidation of the causes of the atrocities be taken as a justification for the Genocide — he does not “blame the victim,” — but I expect his work will draw critics to the extent it fails to confirm long-held assumptions, assertions and denials.

Meanwhile, the earlier (and less accessible) book, Judgment at Istanbul, painstakingly mines the pages of the Takvim-i-Vekâyi (the official organ of the Ottoman Parliament), court records and the Turkish press to demonstrate the sheer scale and broad involvement of Turkish officialdom and society in carrying out the deportations and worse.

Both volumes, to be fair, record also a few exculpatory episodes of Turkish officials who would not go along with the Committee of Union and Progress’s murderous plans and paid dearly for their refusal to obey orders. When the Ottoman courts-martial targeted Mustafa Kemal (the fu- ture Atatürk), not for genocide, but for mutiny, he ultimately responded by tearing down the 800- year-old dynasty at the head of the nationalist movement that launched the War of Independence and created the Republic of Turkey. While Ataturk was not directly involved in the 1915 genocide (the term “a shameful act” is his), many of his confrères in building the new Turkish state were, and the pattern of official denial was set early on. With less than two years to go until the centenary, much will yet be written, but I doubt as much light will be shed as by these two valuable volumes.

All students of the Armenian Genocide owe Taner Akçam and Vahakn Dadrian a great debt for their persistent and systematic scholarship over the years against very heavy headwinds, including the outright hostility of certain states.

John M. Evans, a career Foreign Service Officer who served as the U.S. Ambassador to Armenia from 2004 to 2006, stirred controversy in February 2005 by publicly dissenting from the policy of the Bush Administration on the 90-year-old issue of the Armenian Genocide. A native of Williamsburg, VA, educated at Yale and Columbia, Evans served in Tehran, Prague, Moscow, Brussels (NATO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, St. Pe- tersburg and Washington, reaching the rank of Minister-Counselor. He lives in Washington, DC. Source: American Diplomacy

Congress May Cut off Aid to Turkey For Hosting Sudan’s Genocidal President

By Harut Sassounian Publisher, The California Courier

A congressional committee adopted an amendment last month that would suspend U.S. foreign aid

to any country hosting a visit by Sudan’s President Omar al-Bashir. Members of Congress intend to isolate

this brutal leader and help bring him to court for his crimes in Darfur.

Congress decided to take this action after several countries, including Turkey and Egypt, ignored the

arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court in March 2009, charging the Sudanese President

with genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity in Darfur. In contravention of their international

obligations, these countries hosted visits by al-Bashir, instead of capturing him and dispatching him to the

ICC for prosecution.

In November 2009, when the President of Sudan was about to visit Ankara, Amnesty International

warned: “It would be a disgrace for Turkey to offer him safe haven. If the Turkish authorities fail to arrest

President Omar al-Bashir and hand him over to the ICC, this would be inconsistent with Turkey’s interna-

tional obligations. It would not only amount to obstruction of justice, but just as offering shelter to a fleeing

bank robber constitutes a crime under national law, so, too, would sheltering a fugitive from international

justice be complicity in crime.”

Four US non-governmental organizations issued a joint statement in November 2009, criticizing the

Obama administration for refusing to protest the Sudanese President’s visit to Turkey. The NGO’s sought

to ensure that “a wanted war criminal does not continue to travel with impunity.”

Meanwhile, the Turkish Prime Minister, not only allowed the Sudanese President to visit Turkey,

but tried to absolve him of any wrongdoing by claiming that “Muslims don’t commit genocide!” Making

matters worse, Turkey continues to sell lethal weapons to Sudan, helping al-Bashir kill more innocent peo-

ple!

To put an end to such irresponsible behavior by Turkey and many other countries, the House Appro-

priations Committee adopted on May 17, 2012, an amendment to a State Department funding bill that

would cut off non-humanitarian aid to countries that do not comply with ICC’s directive. The amendment

sponsored by Cong. Frank Wolf (Republican-Virginia) states that no economic assistance would be pro-

vided by the United States “to any country that admits President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan.”

After reports began circulating that the Obama administration is trying to block this proposed law,

70 leading Holocaust and genocide scholars signed a joint letter on June 14, urging the White House to

support the congressional amendment that would stop providing assistance to countries hosting Sudan’s

President. Among the signatories of the letter are Dr. Israel Charny of Jerusalem, Dr. Irving Greenberg,

former chairman of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and Dr. Deborah Dwork of Clark Uni-

versity.

The scholars’ letter, organized by the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies in Washing-

ton, D.C., was sent to presidential advisor Dr. Samantha Power, who heads the recently-established Atroci-

ties Prevention Board. The scholars reminded Power that in her Pulitzer Prize winning book, “A Problem

from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide,” she had urged the US government to adopt “economic sanc-

tions” to counter genocidal actions. Since the proposed bill “does exactly that,” the 70 signatories expressed

the hope that Power and the White House would support Cong. Wolf’s amendment, particularly when it is

brought up for reconciliation between the House and Senate.

It is doubtful, however, that Samantha Power would speak out in favor of this amendment. Since

joining the White House staff, she has distanced herself from the issues she had boldly advocated in her

book. She has also remained eerily silent on Pres. Obama’s unfulfilled pledges regarding the Armenian

Genocide. Power had issued several appeals during the last presidential campaign, seeking the Armenian-

American community’s support for Barack Obama’s candidacy. She had solemnly pledged that Pres.

Obama would acknowledge the Armenian Genocide after the election.

So far, Armenian-Americans have not gotten involved in lobbying for the adoption of this important

bill, most probably because they were unaware of its introduction in Congress. Armenian scholars were

also left out of this issue, since no one had approached them to obtain their support.

An aide to Cong. Wolf advised this writer that the Congressman would appreciate the Armenian-

American community’s support for this bill which would discourage Turkey and other countries from win-

ing and dining al-Bashir and would help bring this indicted criminal to justice.

FROM THE MAGAZINE of MACLEANS.CA

My Defining Canadian Moment is:

By: Barb Rebelo, Ontario

I was born on July 1st and I didn’t know that Canada Day existed until my family and I moved here almost 22 years ago. I was born in Hungary and lived in Germany and Africa before coming to Canada. I feel very lucky that I was born on the best day of the year. Whenever I hear our National Anthem, I get very emo- tional and I have to fight back tears.

I am extremely proud to call myself a Canadian Citizen. This country has given my family and me incredible oppor- tunities. There is nothing you can’t accomplish here. I am happy that I don’t have to choose between being Hungarian or Canadian – I am both. I love that Canada embraces all cultures and we are free to express ourselves.

So each year, as I celebrate another birthday, I also celebrate the birthday of our beautiful country and never take for granted how lucky I am to be here and to call Canada my home.

By: Andrea Bacque, Ontario

My proudest moment being Canadian arrived as I landed in Canada the first time (Toronto then onto Ottawa) after having spent 4 weeks in Vietnam to complete my son ́s adoption. As the plane touched down and my son of 5 months slept in my arms, I realized he was finally going to be safe, healthy (as he had fever and needed proper medication) and finally, home.

At that moment, everything I had always felt as a born Canadian—proud, safe, free and empowered—I knew I would pass onto him. My son ́s Canadian status will allow him to live and experience a life and a home he never would have otherwise. I will raise him to know this and know that he has every advantage to leverage in making his life full and rich.

By: Lorna Johnson, Alberta

July 1, 2011 our oldest grandson got married. Canada Day. It was his choice for the wedding date. At the reception, he acknowledged all the people that came, that helped them with their day, and finished it with “I would like to thank the Queen and Canada”. I wondered what was coming. He proceeded, explaining the privilege of having an anniversary on Canada Day. The best country in the whole world. He then asked their guests to stand and sing the National Anthem. They all did- enthusiastically. At that time I realized how fortunate that his grandpa and I were to be involved in his life and his devotion to our wonderful country. It makes us all proud.

By: Rosemary Jackson, Ontario

I was living on a small island in the Bahamas when Haiti was hit with the earthquake. Many Haitians have come to live and work in the Bahamas. I watched as they quietly carried on their duties not knowing what happened to their families. CTV and CBC news on CableBahamas soon announced that Canada had set up a fund, the government matching in- dividual donations. By the weekend, Canada’s response was amazing, making me so proud to be a Canadian!

By: Sarkis Assadourian, Ontario

I came to Canada (Montreal) as an immigrant in 1969 and moved to Toronto in 1972 with no diploma or a degree and with few hundred dollars in my pocket. I worked as a bus boy in Montreal (Chateau Champlain) and in Toronto, I worked in many fields. In September, 1993 I won the Liberal nomination in Don Vally North and I was elected as a member of the Canadian Parliament on Oct. 25, 1993.

I was and still am the first and the only MP of Armenian origin in Canada since 1867. Since then, I was elected in 1997 and 2000 (Brampton Center) and I was appointed as a Citizenship Judge for three years from 2005 2008. Now, I volunteer my time with many national and international causes. I had the best job in the world that any country can offer to its Citizens. I am truly proud to be a CANADIAN Citizen.

PRESS RELEASE Hayastan Foundation Toronto Inc. All-Armenian Fund 280 Sheppard Avenue East, Suite 215, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M2N 3B1 Tel: (416) 332 0787

ARMENIA FUND TORONTO WILL BUILD TWO “VILLAGE LIFE CENTRE”S - OVER $315,000 RAISED Toronto, June 25, 2012 - On Sunday, June 24, Mr. Vahe Jazmadarian, the General Controller and the Chairman of the Audit Committee of "Hayastan" All-Armenian Fund Board, as the key-note speaker at the annual banquet of Armenia Fund Toronto, kicked off the fundraising for the construction of two “Village Life Centre”s, in Art-

sakh. The MC of the evening was Tenny Nighogossian, who conducted the proceedings in front of a capacity audi- ence, in a very charming and professional manner. The entire program was dedicated to the 20th Anniversaries of the liberation of Shushi as well as of the Armenia Fund. In his remarks, H.E. Armen Yeganian, the Ambassador of Armenia, in Canada, emphasized the key role that Armenia Fund had played during its 20 years of work, both in Armenia and Artsakh, in general, and Toronto Chapter’s projects during the same period, in particular. Migirdic Migirdicyan, the Chairman of Toronto Chapter, started his presentation with major good-news stories from Artsakh and Armenia, including the growing birthrate in Artsakh as well as the Tumo Centre and Fruitful- Armenia, in Armenia. Then continued his presentation with the five different projects that were realized by the Toronto Chapter over the last 12 months.

1) In May, the main project of Toronto, the Education and Cultural Centre of Shushi was opened. 2) Some four-hundred students from the four of the schools built by Toronto had received made-to-measure uniforms, which were prepared by an anonymous benefactor. 3) A brand new school-mini-bus was donated to the Shosh school in Artsakh, to transport the students from the neighbouring village of Mkhitarashen, who until then were walking the 2.5 kilometre distance twice daily, facing the elements and wild-life. Mr. Berc Luleciyan, the donor of this mini-bus was honoured by the Armenia Fund’s “Benefactor” medal. 4) The Sourp Krikor Loussavoritch Hospital’s, Kidney and Dialysis floor, in Yerevan, was completely reno- vated. 5) The two floors of Nork Old-Age home, in Yerevan, was completely renovated. Mr. Harutyun Yesayan, the donor of both the hospital and the old-age home was honoured by the Armenia Fund’s “Benefactor” medal.

Vahe Jazmadarian, the key-note speaker of the banquet, who had come specifically for this event from Cannes, France, gave a very eloquent and all encompassing speech about All-Armenia Fund’s work over the last 20 years. Mr. Jazmadarian, being the general Controller and the chair of the Audit Committee of the Board, empha- sized the absolute transparency of the Fund’s finances as well as of the projects, by having two separate audits one for the finances and the other for the physical aspects of the projects during the many phases of the con- struction. Mr. Jazmadarian ended his presentation with the formidable statistics of the very large number of pro- jects realized over the 20 years by the Fund’s chapters worldwide, which was welcomed by an standing ovation of the audience.

The fund raising drive, which included the lighting of the 20th Anniversary candles, the donation of the Toronto students and the auctioning of a tuxedo by a world-famous tailor, was run by Giro Chahinian, in a very energetic manner. The banquet ended at a very high note with $135,000 raised from all the activities of the day, plus a single dona- tion of $180,000, a total of $315,000 was raised, towards two “Village Life Centre”s, in Artsakh. One of those centres will be in the village of Drakhtig, in Artsakh, which will be financed by a single anonymous donor. These centres will include a medical and maternity room, a computer centre, a library, a small auditorium and the mayor’s office. Hayastan Foundation Toronto Inc. All-Armenian Fund is a non-profit organization estab- lished in 1993 with the aim of facilitating humanitarian assistance and infrastructure development in Armenia and in Artsakh. Amongst over forty projects realized, the Toronto chapter of the Fund has built five brand new schools, renovated two, brought water to 12 villages and cities, including the water ring-network for the city of Stepanakert, built natural gas networks for four villages and for the Kantsasar monastery, as well as completed and participated in several other projects of the Armenia Fund.

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