Lossapatz - The Dawn - 2011 911 11 26

Armenian Military Vows ‘Disproportionate’ Response to Azerbaijani Aggression

The Armenian military pledged on Monday to respond “disproportionately” to the deaths of two Armenian soldiers in skirmishes with Azerbaijani forces reported in Nagorno-Karabakh over the weekend.

Karabakh’s Armenia-backed army said the 19-year-old conscripts, Aren Simonian and Mihran Markarian, were shot dead by Azerbaijani snipers in separate incidents on Saturday and Sunday. It said the shootings occurred at sections of the Armenian-Azerbaijani “line of contact” southeast of the disputed territory.

The Azerbaijani Defense Ministry did not immediately comment on the information.

In a written statement, the Karabakh Defense Army accused Baku of deliberately violating the ceasefire to torpedo international efforts to broker a peaceful solution to the Karabakh conflict. It said its forces will react to such violations with “tougher” actions from now on.

A separate statement issued by Armenia’s Defense Ministry said, “Since Azerbaijan’s political and military leadership does not care about the lives of its own soldiers, we have to remind Azerbai- jan’s population that as was the case before, the Armenian side’s response to the death of every Armenian soldier will be disproportionate.”

The ministry spokesman, Davit Karapetian, spoke of “punitive actions” to be taken against Azerbaijani troops. “That is going to be our natural and legitimate reaction,” he told RFE/RL’s Ar- menian service (Azatutyun.am). “And if the Azerbaijani side suffers casualties as a result of that, it will be fully responsible for them.”

Armenian and Karabakh forces were already ordered to launch such retaliatory operations fol- lowing the killing of three Armenian soldiers near Karabakh in May.

“Unfortunately, the Azerbaijani side hasn’t learned lessons from previous adventures as a re- sult of which it suffered much greater casualties,” said Karapetian. “This testifies to their irrespon- sible attitude.”

Defense Ministry sources in Yerevan claim that 42 Azerbaijani troops have been killed on the Karabakh frontline and along Armenia’s long border with Azerbaijan so far this year.

The Azerbaijani military has not yet released any casualty data for 2011. Earlier this month, the Baku daily “Zerkalo” quoted an independent military expert, Uzeir Jafarov, as saying that 13 Azerbaijani soldiers were shot dead by the Armenians while 76 others died in non-combat circumstances in 2011.

“Our losses during the less than 11 months of this year surpassed those of the previous two years,” Jafarov said. “This is frightening.”

The military authorities in Yerevan and Stepanakert are likewise reluctant to publicize the Ar- menian combat death toll. Armenian human rights groups estimated before the latest deadly fighting in Karabakh that 9 Armenian soldiers have died in action since December 2010.

The skirmishes highlight the lingering threat of another Armenian-Azerbaijani war which is prompting growing concern from the world community. They came less than a month after U.S., Russian and French mediators said the conflicting parties have agreed in principle to a “draft mechanism to investigate incidents along the front lines.”

The three co-chairs announced that following yet another visit to Baku, Yerevan and Stepanakert. Armenian and Azerbaijani officials made no statements to that effect.

11US Defense Department Specialist Looking for Lost Highly En- riched Uranium in Armenia and the Region

YEREVAN -- Highly enriched uranium has been lost in the region, and US specialists are look- ing for it in Armenia, among others, Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor in the Department of Government at Georgetown University, special advisor to the US Department of Defense said in a lecture at the American University of Armenia.

“It’s very difficult to make highly enriched uranium. It’s the most difficult part of developing nuclear weapons. When you have enriched uranium, making it into weapon is very easy. If you look at the case of Iran, it started its enrichment program in 1987. Twenty-five years later Iran’s enrich- ment program is improving, but they have not mastered it yet. That goes to show how difficult it is to enrich uranium,” Professor Kroenig said.

He warns that highly enriched uranium has been lost somewhere in the South Caucasus. The United States supposes that it has been taken out of some factory in the south of Russia because of weakening of security after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

“Armenia doesn’t have nuclear weapons. It is very hard to hide a uranium enrichment facility. Iran has tried twice to hide a uranium enrichment facility in the past ten years, but the international community has been able to discover it. We think that what might have happened is that there is a facility in southern Russia that has highly enriched uranium, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union there was a time, where there was very little security at the site. So, we’re note sure it’s speculation, but given the fact that there have been a number of smugglers coming near Armenia, the uranium could have been stolen and hidden in Armenia or somewhere else in this region,” he said.

Professor Kroenig has been studying the issue of proliferation of nuclear weapons for years, and has come to the conclusion that states sell nuclear weapon out of strategic rather than economic interests. He does not rule out that terrorist organization might also wish to purchase nuclear weap- ons, and it’s worrisome. Professor Kroenig underlines that atomic energy is preferable to avoid global warming. It’s also very clear and is exempt of dangerous emissions. However, to use it for peaceful purposes, states have to purchase enriched uranium instead of developing it themselves. This is considered to be se- cure and controllable, the Professor said.

House Committee Adopts Unbalanced Bill Favouring Turkey Turkish Enterprises Receive Exclusive Access to Indian Tribal Trade and Investment Demonstration Projects

WASHINGTON, DC – Over the objections of Congressmen John Sarbanes (D-MD) and Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-NJ), and Congresswoman Nikki Tsongas (D-MA), the House Committee on Natural Resources approved H.R. 2362, the Indian Tribal Trade and Investment Demonstration Project Act of 2011. The legislation, which is designed to facilitate economic development by Native American Indian Tribes, provides exclusive access to Turkish private enterprises.

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Congressman Sarbanes conveyed a series of concerns with the legislation. He cited the ques- tionable practice of singling out one entity to receive benefits, Turkey’s ongoing blockade of Arme- nia, Turkey’s denial of the Armenian Genocide, Turkey’s decades-long illegal occupation of the is- land of Cyprus, human rights issues, as well as the fact that the Bill as drafted appears to violate existing trade laws under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other international agreements as highlighted by a recent Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report. Congressman Sarbanes submitted for the record letters he received in opposition to the Bill as follows: The American Hel- lenic Council of California (AHC), the Armenian Assembly of America, the American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA), PSEKA/Cyprus Federation of America, the Pancyprian Association, and the Armenian National Committee of America.

In opposing the bill, Armenian Caucus Co-Chair Frank Pallone also expressed ongoing con- cerns with respect to Turkey, stating, “Turkey is not acting in the interests of the United States,” and noted that Turkey blocked an economic project for Cyprus and Israel, while Congresswoman Nikki Tsongas associated herself with Congressman Sarbanes’ remarks and reiterated the concern that one country was being singled out for preferential treatment. Congressman Dale Kildee (D-MI) voiced his concerns as to whether or not the U.S. Department of State had been consulted and sug- gested that the House Committee on Foreign Affairs also have an opportunity to review the Bill. Congressman Sarbanes sought to offer an amendment, which was co-authored by Reps. Pallone and Tsongas, to broaden the Bill to include all “foreign nations” and also add a strong human rights component. The amendment however was ruled out of order on a technicality and thus Members did not have the opportunity to consider its merits. Without the benefit of the amendment, the Bill was then adopted by a vote of 27 to 15, of which Ranking Member Edward Markey (D-MA) was among those Members who opposed the bill.

Raffi Hovannisian Demands Anti-Fraud Safeguards from

Serzh Sarkisian Ahead of Parliamentary Elections

YEREVAN — Opposition Zharangutyun (Heritage) party leader Raffi Hovannisian on Monday challenged President Serzh Sarkisian to prove his stated commitment to democratic elections by en- acting more radical changes to electoral legislation and guaranteeing non-use of government re- sources by his Republican Party (HHK).

Sarkisian has pledged to “spare no effort” to ensure that parliamentary elections due in May are widely recognized as free and fair. Visiting Brussels earlier this month, his prime minister, Ti- gran Sarkisian (no relation), said the vote will the most democratic in the country’s history.

In a letter to Sarkisian, Hovannisian listed 15 concrete measures which he said would demon- strate the seriousness of these pledges. In particular, he said, election commissions must be required to ink voters’ fingers and publicize lists of citizens who cast their ballots.

Such safeguards are also strongly advocated by Armenia’s other major opposition forces

Opposition leaders say this would preclude multiple voting as well as fraudulent voting on be- half of hundreds of thousands of Armenians that are absent from the country but remain on the na- tional vote registers.

The pro-government majority in the Armenian parliament blocked corresponding amendments to the Election Code drafted by the opposition earlier this year. It has also been against the opposi- tion idea, also mentioned by Hovannisian, of abolishing parliamentary elections held in single- mandate constituencies.

In his letter, Hovannisian said Sarkisian must rule out any use of government funds and proper- ties by the Republican party and guarantee that central and local government officials, civil servants and other public sector employees will no longer be under pressure to contribute to the ruling party’s electoral victory at any cost. He said the Armenian authorities should also prevent any “coordinated actions” by the HHK and law-enforcement bodies during the elections and ensure “equal access” to broadcast media by all election contenders. In addition, added Hovannisian, the heads of state universities, schools and other educational institutions (many of them HHK members) must be told to end their party affilia- tions.

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Turkish, Armenian Businesses Explore

Ties in Yerevan Forum

YEREVAN -- More than 100 entrepreneurs from Armenia and Turkey explored greater business opportunities in each other’s country during a U.S.-sponsored conference that began in Yerevan on Tuesday.

The two-day forum was organized by Armenia’s leading business association and the Chamber of Commerce of Diarberkir, the largest city in eastern Turkey, as part of a project to improve Turk- ish-Armenian relations financed by the U.S. government’s Agency For International Development (USAID).

Most of its 50 or so Turkish participants represented businesses operating in Diarbekir and nearby regions located not far from the Turkish-Armenian border. Many of them called for the quick opening of the frontier, something which the Turkish government makes conditional on the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

“We have long been lobbying for the opening of the Turkish-Armenian border,” said Diadin Gezer, deputy chairman of the Diarbekir Chamber of Commerce. “Countries around the world do at least 60 percent of their trade with their neighbors.”

Gezer and other entrepreneurs agreed that Turkish-Armenian commercial ties can grow even in the absence of diplomatic relations and an open border between the two estranged nations. Firat Aslan, a chocolate manufacturer from Diarberkir, said this would only facilitate the eventual nor- malization of Turkish-Armenian relations.

“If Turkish-Armenian economic relations develop, then pressure on the two states will grow and they will open the border,” Aslan told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am).

A memorandum of understanding signed by Gezer and Arsen Ghazarian, chairman of the Ar- menian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, envisages that the two business groups will pro- mote direct links between their members and greater commerce between the two neighboring states.

With Ankara keeping the border closed since 1993, the bulk of Turkish-Armenian trade is car- ried out via Georgia. According to official Armenian statistics, it grew by almost 19 percent to $168.8 million in the first nine months of this year. Turkish exports to Armenia accounted for over 99 percent of this figure because of Ankara’s unoffi-

cial ban on imports of goods from Armenia. Businesspeople say Armenian products are usually re- exported to the Turkish market through Georgia and other third countries.

International Conference on “Armenia in the Eastern and Western Sources” Held in Cairo

CAIRO, EGYPT -- The 4th international conference on “Armenia in Eastern and Western Sources” was held at the Center for Armenian Studies at Cairo University on November 14-15. This time the conference was dedicated to the 20th anniversary of Armenia’s independence and was or-

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ganized under the auspices of the President of Cairo University Dr. Hussam Kamel and with support from the Armenian Embassy in Egypt.

Attending the solemn opening ceremony were Deputy Foreign Minister of the Arab Republic of Egypt Waheed Galal, renowned Egyptian intellectuals, students and professors of Cairo University and other universities, as well as members of the Egyptian-Armenian community.

The participants of the conference were greeted by the Ambassador of Armenia to Egypt H.E. Dr. Armen Melkonian, Dean of the Faculty of Arts at Cairo University Dr. Motaz Sayid Abdallah and Director of the Center for Armenian Studies Dr. Zeynab Abu Sinna, who praised the role of the Center in the development of Armenian-Arab cooperation in science, education and culture. The Armenian Ambassador underlined that the presence of more than 30 speeches by Egyptian scientists goes to show the fact that the Center has managed to increase Egyptian scientists’ interest in Arme- nian studies throughout the last couple of years. The two-day conference included speeches by ex- perts from Armenia, Syria and Lebanon. One of the five sessions was entirely devoted to the Armenian Cause in the Ottoman Empire. What especially sparked great interest were Muhammad Refaat Al-Imam’s speech on “The Description of the Armenian Cause in Contemporary Arab Literature (1878-1923)”, Ali Sabet Sabri’s “Academic Viewpoint of the 1894-96 Armenian Massacres”, Narine Harutyunyan’s (Armenia) “Reflection of the 1894-96 Armenian Massacres in Cairo’s “Al-Mushir” Magazine” and Nora Arisian’s (Syria) “Armenians in the Syrian Media”. The materials of the conference will be printed in a book.

U.S.-Armenian Businessman Sentenced to

15 Years for Pedophile Charges

YEREVAN -- 70-year-old Armenian American businessman Serop Der-Boghossian was sen- tenced on Thursday to 15 years in prison on charges of pedophilia which he partly accepted.

Der-Boghossian the owner of a mining firm based in the northern Armenian town of Akhtala, was convicted of “coercing” local underage boys to have sex with him.

Testimony by 10 boys, most of whom have already come of age, was examined in the closed- door trial that began in July. The testimony by the victims and the video footage found at Der- Boghossian’s home were key to the ultimate verdict on the businessman.

Der-Boghossian’s lawyer, Tigran Safarian, condemned the verdict as unfair and said he will appeal it. “If, according to the prosecution, an individual had a sexual relationship with Serop Der- Boghossian for two years, he could not have done that against his will,” Safarian told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am).

During his trial the Iraqi-born businessman said he had consensual sex with both underage and older men. He insisted that he did not do that against their will.

Prosecutors had asked the court to give the maximum sentence for this type of crime – 15 years in prison, considering as an aggravating circumstance the fact that there were many victims, “boys who are future soldiers”, as well as the attitude of the public towards such crimes. Der-Boghossian was listed as an adviser to Prime Minister Tigran Sarkisian on the Armenian gov- ernment’s website until January 31. According to the government press office, the Metal Prince owner stopped working for Sarkisian on December 31, 2010 for reasons unrelated to the sex scan- dal. Der-Boghossian had received various certificates and letters of gratitude by the current presi- dent and the government of Armenia.

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Patriarch Zaven Der Yeghiayan’s List of Armenian Genocide Organizers

Exterminators and Virtuous Muslims

A hundred years ago, the humanity had experienced a disaster of epic proportion, namely, Ar- menian genocide. Everybody told over, discussed whether or! Some said “Armenians deserved to die, be killed because they were not Islamized!”; “Armenians disappeared while they were killing Muslims!” said others. While some were arguing “Turks, Kurds, Circassians and so on are innocent; we were not involved in,” others argued “the main killers are Kurds! Turks saved the rest.” Some alleged “the Turkish Republic is no concern with the Ottoman deportation. Calling the Republic to account means being busy with trifles!” Some said “it is not genocide; Armenians were defeated and pushed off at the end of the mutual clash!” Others said “ while they were disturbing Muslims, the God damned them, and they disappeared!” ...

There were many sheenies who kept saying ‘I would finish you off like Armenian!’ or ‘Son of a bitch Armenian!’ whenever they got angry.

Many oldsters were there, who took that genocide as starting point saying “that year when the Armenian massacre has occurred!”

But these discussions made way during the last twenty years. The documents and the historical consciousness prevailed. Despite the fact the official ideology did not face oneself, the people who are getting a share from the history of humanity can not say “this event didn’t happen” any more.

Now we must lay bare the identities of the killers responsible for massacres and present their acts and biographies to the rising generation.

In this book, Sait Çetinoglu is getting A for effort to initiate another discussion on the basis of Patriarch Zaven Der Yeghiayan’s (1868-1947) ‘List of the organizers of the Armenian Genocide: Exterminators and Virtuous Muslims.’ You can find the names and biographies of those who have killed or come to help Armenians. It is high time to tear darknesses up because “This world suffices all of us!’ as Sarkis Çerkezyan said.

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New Book Sets Post-WWI Ottoman Trials in Their Historical and Legal Context

TORONTO -- In the aftermath of its disastrous defeat in WWI, Ottoman Turkey had to face the wartime crime of the destruction of its Armenian population. An inquiry commissioned by the Ot- toman government in 1919 presented enough preliminary evidence to organize a series of trials in- volving the perpetrators of these crimes. It is the record of these trials and the unparalleled details they provide on the planning and implementation of these heinous crimes that has brought together the two most renowned scholars of the Armenian Genocide, Professors Vahakn Dadrian and Taner Akcam, in their first joint publication. It is with great pride that the Zoryan Institute announces that after years of research and analysis, the authors have compiled for the first time in English the complete documentation of the trial proceedings and have set these findings in their historical and legal context.

The book is entitled Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials and is published by Berghahn Books of New York and Oxford.

In describing the book, Prof. Dadrian commented, “This is a most important work, for two rea- sons. First, it is based on authentic Turkish documentation, which the Ottoman government was forced to release during the trials. Second, unlike most books on the Armenian Genocide, which are historical interpretations, this study, for the first time is based also on the testimony of high- ranking Ottoman officials, given under oath, on the magnitude of the crimes against the Armenians, and in this sense, serves as a legal case study of the Armenian Genocide.”

During his more than fifty years of research on the subject, Dadrian discovered that the Tak- vim-i Vekâyi, the official Ottoman government’s gazette, was not the only major source of informa- tion on these military tribunals. In fact, Renaissance, a French language Armenian newspaper in Constantinople at the time, reported summaries of many of the trial proceedings taken from the re- ports of the Ottoman language newspapers of the day, which were otherwise not accounted for in of- ficial government records.

Prof. Akçam, the book’s co-author, noted that “While the official government record lists only twelve trials, newspapers provide us details on sixty-three. For the first time, information from the Ottoman newspapers of the era has been utilized to reconstruct the trials. A great deal of effort was required to track down all issues possible of fourteen different Ottoman newspapers, which meant visiting many libraries in different cities. Often, the articles we were looking for had been cut out of the paper in one location, but we were able to find a copy in another location.” The Zoryan Insti- tute sponsored the collection of these newspapers, their translation and transliteration, as part of the long-term project known as “Creating a Common Body of Knowledge,” and retains copies in its ar- chives.

According to the Institute’s President, K.M Greg Sarkissian, “The objective is to provide knowledge that will be shared by Turkish and Armenian civil societies and western scholarship. The

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aim is to locate, collect, analyze, transliterate, translate, edit and publish authoritative, universally recognized original archival documents on the history of the events surrounding 1915, in both Turk- ish and English. Elaborating on the importance not only of the primary source material in this book, but also the analysis provided by the book’s authors,” he continued, “the more such documents are made available to Turkish society, the more it will be empowered with knowledge to question narra- tives imposed by the state. Restoring accurate historical memory will benefit not only Turkish, but also Armenian society. Both will be emancipated from the straightjacket of the past. Such a Com- mon Body of Knowledge will hopefully lead to an understanding of each other, act as a catalyst for dialogue, and aid in the normalization of relations between the two societies. Judgment at Istanbul is the most recent example of the Zoryan Institute’s strong belief in the importance of a Common Body of Knowledge as a key factor in helping the future of any relationship between Turkey and Armenia.”

The trials described in Judgment at Istanbul had a far-reaching bearing in the international community. As the first national tribunal to prosecute cases of mass atrocity, the principles of “crimes against humanity” which were introduced then had their echo subsequently in the Nurem- berg Charter, the Tokyo Charter, and the UN Genocide Convention. This book is an essential source for historians, legal scholars, political scientists, sociologists, policy makers, and those interested in Genocide Studies, Turkish Studies, and Armenian Studies. It also holds great current relevance, with recent interest internationally regarding the Armenian Genocide and its denial.

Vahakn N. Dadrian and Taner Akçam, Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2011. 363p. ISBN 978-0-85745-251-1 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-85745-286-3 (ebook). $110.00 ($75.00 to Zoryan Friends). To order a copy or to help sponsor a book to be placed in university libraries, contact the Zoryan office, 416-250-9807, zoryan@zoryaninstitute.org.

Turkey Seeks to Monopolize Investments In American Indian Tribal Lands

By Harut Sassounian Publisher, The California Courier

In a few weeks, when high-priced Turkish lobbying firms file their mandatory reports with the Justice

Department, important revelations will emerge about their behind the scenes role in pushing through

Congress a bill which would give Turkish companies a monopoly for investments in American Indian

tribal lands.

These reports would disclose the chain of contacts leading to the approval of Resolution 2362, the

“Indian Tribal Trade and Investment Demonstration Project Act of 2011,” by the House of Representa-

tives’ Committee on Natural Resources by a vote of 27 to 15, on November 17.

One should not be surprised to learn that this innocent sounding resolution, meant to “facilitate eco-

nomic development by Indian tribes and encourage investment by Turkish enterprises,” was gliding

through Congress helped by the lavish flow of funds -- the mother’s milk of politics -- to some House

members.

Of course, there is nothing wrong in helping Native Americans to attract foreign investments, except

that Congress was being asked to give preferential treatment to a single country -- Turkey! Strangely,

majority of the Committee members were willing to go along with this unusual and illegal request, ig-

noring strong warnings from the Congressional Research Service that extending special privileges to

only one country would violate provisions of major U.S. trade agreements -- Most Favored Nation

(MFN), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and World Trade Organization (WTO).

Moreover, there was no need whatsoever for Congress to approve a pilot program for any one coun-

try, when the same Committee was simultaneously considering a more inclusive bill -- House Resolu-

tion 205 -- which would provide to all countries an equal opportunity to trade with and invest in Indian

tribal lands. In fact, the Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs testified that he had serious reserva-

tions about Resolution 2362. That is why he preferred to support Resolution 205 which would “foster

the same goals...on a broader scale.” When Cong. John Sarbanes (Dem.-Maryland) tried to introduce

an amendment to expand the scope of Resolution 2362 beyond Turkey, it was ruled out of order due to

a technicality.

Before the vote, several Armenian-American and Greek-American organizations submitted to the

House Committee letters in opposition to Resolution 2362, pointing out the impropriety and illegality

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of giving Turkey a monopolistic access to Indian tribal lands. These organizations raised five key ob-

jections to Congress extending special privileges to Turkey because that country:

1) Remains an unrepentant perpetrator of genocide against millions of Armenians, Greeks and Assyr-

ians.

2) Continues to blockade Armenia, occupy Cyprus, confront Israel, attack Kurds, and under-

mine U.S. regional interests.

3) Threatens U.S. commercial interests in the Mediterranean region.

4) Is linked to American Turkish entities suspected of involvement in illegal activities.

5) Supports Iran in violation of U.S. sanctions.

The possible aim of the proponents of Resolution 2362 is to pass this particular bill before the more

inclusive Resolution 205 is approved, in order to give Turkey a head start and undeserved advantage

over all other nations. Turkey could then strike exclusive trade deals with Indian tribes for up to 25

years, renewable for two additional terms of 25 years each, for a total of 75 years. This means that by

the time companies from other countries have a chance to sign contracts with Indian tribes, Turkish

firms would have snatched up the most lucrative deals, leaving the others empty-handed.

Immediately after the Committee’s adoption of Resolution 2362, Turkish Americans and the Turkish

Embassy in Washington rushed to celebrate a premature victory. The Turkish Coalition of America is-

sued a press release on November 17, expressing its joy that the Resolution was approved by the

Committee, and would soon be adopted by the full House. That same night, the Turkish Embassy

hosted a reception in Washington “to mark American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month and

celebrate the successful passage of H.R. 2362 out of the House Natural Resources Committee.” Tur-

key’s illustrious Ambassador Namik Tan was personally tweeting pictures of American Indians in their

native costumes as the festivities were taking place at the Embassy.

The Ambassador should be reminded that a victory celebration is premature because there are no

guarantees that this defective bill would ever reach the House floor, let alone the Senate, since it

grossly violates a number of U.S. trade agreements. Even if the bill receives Congressional approval,

American civic organizations and many countries would file lawsuits to block this discriminatory piece

of legislation.

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