FATHER FRANK’S RANTS - God of Holocausts

Rant Number 479 28 February 2012

Holocausts, genocides, massacres, hecatombs, nuclear Armageddon’s...it pains the priest to say it but: all fiddlesticks! Compared with what the Creator did once: the Flood. Nearly the whole of humanity drowned out at one stroke. The enormity of all enormities. Huh! It makes you think. Professor Dawkins, are you sucking this up?

History however repeats itself. Karl Marx said so, almost infallibly. First as tragedy and then as a comedy. True. But Marx fell short of the prophetic. Sometimes history plays a further trick. The repeat proves a lower genre than comedy. Worse, it becomes a farce. A comedy is merely comical – a farce is crude, sheer buffoonery, a burlesque, something utterly ridiculous, grotesque, a mockery. The Church of England naturally is past master at that. Now she has done it again.

Old Noah is the hero of the Flood tragedy. The Creator, having willed universal genocide, instructs the patriarch how to escape. Noah must build a vessel big enough to house his family, animals and plenty of food to stick it out till the waters subside. And it works!

The Deluge is not a joke. Theo-drama, theologian Hans Urs Von Balthazar might call it. A planetary theological calamity. For what reason? God looks down on his creation and see that the earth had become ‘full of wickedness’. Men’s thoughts, men’s hearts are filled with evil – continually. Every person is a Tony Blair, a Gaddafi, a Hillary Clinton, aaargh! Why should a holy, righteous God put up with that? I repent I have created man, this evil, evil monster, God says. ‘I will make an end of all flesh’. And he does. Only Noah and his family are saved. So, the plot has a kind of happy ending. The human race gets a second start.

Theo-drama over, now for the theo-farce. Last week, on Ash Wednesday, the day of penitence opening the holy season of Lent, UK religious leaders launched the Operation Noah declaration. Climate change, fossil fuels, threats to the planet – the inane document teems with corny, overdone clichés like that. The signatories are a rag-bag of Anglicans, Methodists and Baptists – a rainbow of the sad, dying, ex-Christian clowns today disfiguring Christ’s Church, with a Scottish Cardinal thrown in to spice it up – farces and buffooneries have a certain Catholic appeal, eh? Only Sentamu of York, that expert stunt-puller and unfunny cabaret artist seems absent. Funny.

But why a theo-farce? Isn’t stewardship of the earth, custody of God’s creation a religious duty, part of man’s responsibility? Yes, it is. Roger Scruton’s admirable Green Philosophy shows how ecology is both a Christian and a Conservative cause. Nonetheless, the Flood punishment is not about real or presumed greenhouse effects. The God of Genesis is no eco-maniac. The mountebanks of Operation Noah – the Chartres, the Williams, the clapped-out Bishop Tutu-Frutu from South Africa - have forgotten their Bibles.

Genesis speaks of ‘corruption’. ‘The earth was filled with violence.’ The Hebrew word, hamas, implies lawlessness, unholy transgression. ‘God looked upon the earth and behold, it was corrupt: all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth.’ (Genesis 6, passim). Theo-drama all right. But real ugly. Like hard porn. What was going on?

The preamble to chapter 6 in Genesis is baffling, obscure. It alludes to some ghastly primeval misdeed. An unlawful, unnatural, lust-driven coupling between ‘the sons of God’ - semi-divine beings of a kind, angels perhaps - and ‘the daughters of men’, human females. Giants came into existence. The Nephilim, a pre-historic race of gigantic beings, an abnormal breed, appear. God decreed the offspring of those unions should not become prosper. Holy Scripture wanted to convey a message, a warning, a summons to erring, foolish mankind – probably it used a pre-existing legend about impure mixing to do so. Fabulous theo-dramatics.

Lunatics and heretics of all kinds have speculated about the exact nature of the Nephilim. Visitors from outer space? Cross-breeds of the gods? Rubbish, of course. More soberly, St Augustine allowed that of old some people had larger bodies than in his own time. In The City of God he tells he once saw a human tooth in Tunisia that could only have belonged to a giant. Some of Augustine’s contemporaries believed that, as centuries go by, physical bodies grow not bigger but smaller. Empirical truth is beside the point here. The spiritual message is that evolution could degenerate into involution. Lawlessness, violence and wickedness, man’s estrangement from the Creator, entail disastrous, moral and intellectual shrinking or corruption. So our theo-farce today is played out by pathetic pigmies, like the ex-Christian jesters who misuse sacred biblical heroes and categories to pursue their own fads and obsessions.

It is all, as Bernhard Anderson writes, about ‘the temptations of culture’. The pre-Flood society was infected by evil. The sexual abandon, the social and moral disorder preceding the Deluge came about through an identification of man with a lawless, corrupt culture. From Heaven, chastisement followed. Never mind whether or not the deluge in actual fact was some local Mesopotamian inundation. The message is clear and dramatically topical. The Church, the Ark of Salvation, should not buy into an evil culture, yesterday and today. Beware, o apostate clowns! God is not mocked. Tragedy will follow.

Farce, yes, but also tragedy. The Christian writer Kierkegaard once, at the end of his life, penned a ferocious ‘Attack on Christendom’. His target was the bland, established XIX century Lutheran Church of Denmark. Run by fat, safe, comfortable clerics. A travesty of the apostolic Church’s saints and martyrs. Kierkegaard’s invective is searing. One point, in particular. The greatest crime that phoney Christendom had committed was ‘to make it impossible for good people to distinguish true from false Christianity.’ By peddling a reassuring, bourgeois pabulum instead of Christ’s revolutionary Gospel, the Danish Church perpetrated the greatest, most dangerous betrayal. Huh! Great Dane indeed! Church of England, pay attention.

Theo-drama, yes. God of love is also God of holocausts. The Bible says so. Sinful humanity and apostate clergymen, shake in your boots! The Creator is also the Destroyer. The farce could soon come to an abrupt end...

Revd Frank Julian Gelli

Who Truly Killed the Armenians?

Who Truly Killed the Armenians? Armenian Genocide denial made illegal in France And who truly planned their Genocide? Presented by Professor Hovhanness I. Pilikian Friday 2 March 6:30 for 7pm start Room 101 30 Russell Square, WC1B 5DP open.discussion@ymail.com Birkbeck Open Discussion Society University of London Everyone welcome

Mametyarov-ue Pordzoum e Adrbejan-in ''Hanel Posits'' By Armen Araratyan

ARTICLE BY ARMEN ARARATYAN

IDJEVAN, REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

ՅՕԴՈՒԱԾ ԱՐՄԷՆ ԱՐԱՐԱՏԵԱՆ-ԷՆ

ԻՋԵՒԱՆ, ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹԻՒՆ

Armenian Church E-Newsletter, Issue 8, Volume 3

24 FEBRUARY 2012 ISSUE 8, VOLUME 3

E-NEWSLETTER H- J:RJIK A WEEKLY ONLINE PUBLICATION OF THE PRIMATE’S OFFICE OF THE DIOCESE OF THE ARMENIAN CHURCH OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

Bishop Meets with Executive Committee

On Thursday, 23rd February, His Grace Bishop Vahan Hovhanessian, Primate, presided over a meeting of the Executive Committee (EC) of the Managing Board of the Armenian Church Trust UK (ACT-UK). The Primate reported to the EC updates about the Primate’s Office activities concerning ACT-UK. Committee members then discussed a tentative budget for the Church activities and programmes for the year 2012 and also the various options of investing the funds available. Attending the meeting was Mrs. A. Violetta Barzankian-Kaydan, representing the Primate’s Office.

*********************

Join Us for Ascension In Jerusalem! 2012 Annual Pilgrimage

Once again the Primate’s Office is organizing a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, this time to participate in the traditional celebration of the Feast of the Ascension which takes place outdoors in a large tent. The pilgrims will also get to visit the Armenian Quarter in Jerusalem and shrines and sites of interest to Armenian pilgrims. The tenetative schedule is: Departure from Heathrow, London, Friday night, 17 May, 22:00 and return Saturday, 26 May, arriving Heathrow at 20:00pm. Participants will receive booklets explaining the historic sites to be visited and a Bible Study reference to help in the Bible Study sessions at the biblical sites. If interested to join please contact the Primate’s Office ASAP: 0208 127 8364, primatesoffice@armenianchurch.co.uk.

Check out the Holy Etchmiadzin Website:

www.armenianchurch.org

The Primate’s Office c/o Hye Doon (Armenian House) 25 Cheniston Gardens Kensington, London W8 6TG

The Primate’s Office

c/o Hye Doon 25 Cheniston Gardens Kensington London, W8 6TG

Church Website

armenianchurch.co.uk

E-mail

primatesoffice

@armenianchurch.co.uk

Telephone

0208 127 8364

24 FEBRUARY 2012

ISSUE 8 VOLUME 3

... AND MADAGH

Revd Father Hambartsumyan Celebrates Badarak in Birmingham Mission Parish

On Sunday, 19 February, the Mission Parish Council (MPC) of the Armenian Church in Birmingham welcomed the Revd Fr. Garegin Hambartsumyan as the guest celebrant of the Badarak for that Sunday. Badarak was celebrated at St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church. Accompanying Fr. Garegin were Deacon Artur Bobikyan from the Holy Trinity Armenian Church in Manchester, to assist with the choir’s part and altar server Hovik Hovhannisyan, from St. Sarkis Church in London, to assist with the deacons’ part. Fr. Garegin, a member of the Brotherhood of Holy Etchmiadizn who is pursuing his Ph.D. in Theology at Sheffield University, celebrated the Boon Barékéndan (Poon Parégéntan) Badarak and reflected in his sermon on the meaning of Great Lent, fasting and prayer. Following church services Fr. Garegin blessed the table of foods and drinks prepared by the MPC and joined the faithful in an Agape meal.

Ամենայն Հայոց Կաթողիկոսն ընդունեց Մեծ

Բրիտանիայի եւ Հյուսիսային Իռլանդիայի Միացյալ

Թագավորության նորանշանակ դեսպաններին

Փետրվարի 21-ին, Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածնում, Ն.Ս.Օ.Տ.Տ. Գարեգին Բ Ծայրագույն Պատրիարք եւ Ամենայն Հայոց Կաթողիկոսն ընդունեց Մեծ Բրիտանիայի եւ Հյուսիսային Իռլանդիայի Միացյալ Թագավորության նորանշանակ դեսպաններ Քեթրին Ջեյն Լիչին եւ Ջոնաթան Ջեյմս Էյվզին: Շնորհավորելով դեսպաններին նշանակման առիթով` Վեհափառ Հայրապետն իր օրհնությունն ու բարեմաղթանքներն ուղղեց նրանց: Նորին Սրբությունը վստահություն հայտնեց, որ նախորդ դեսպանների պաշտոնավարման շրջանում ձեւավորված սերտ կապերը դեսպանատան եւ Մայր Աթոռի միջեւ կշարունակվեն: Հանդիպմանը մասնավոր անդրադարձ կատարվեց Մեծ Բրիտանիայի հայկական համայնքին եւ հայոց թեմի գործունեությանը: Հայոց Հայրապետը դեսպաններին ներկայացրեց նաեւ Հայաստանյայց Առաքելական Եկեղեցու առջեւ ծառացած արդի մարտահրավերները, ինչպես նաեւ Մայր Աթոռի գործունեությունը կրթական եւ սոցիալական ոլորտներում:

Garegin

On 21 February, His Holiness Karekin II, received, at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, There Excellencies Jonathan James Aves and Catherine Jane Leach, the United Kingdom’s newly appointed ambassadors to Armenia.

HAVE YOU VISITED OUR DIOCESAN WEBSITE RECENTLY?

www.armenianchurch.co.uk

24 FEBRUARY 2012 ISSUE 8, VOLUME 3

SUNDAYS OF THE GREAT LENT – “EXPULSION”

Great Lent, the annual season of spiritual self-examination and penance, in the Armenian Church is seen as a spiritual journey of

renewal that starts with Poon Parégéntan Sunday and ends with Holy Week, culminating in the feast of the resurrection of Christ,

Easter Sunday. Our spiritual mother, the Armenian Church, guides us through this annual journey of prayer, meditation, fasting

and almsgiving, by designating six theological stations for our journey, in the themes of the six Sundays in Great Lent. Each

theme calls upon the faithful to reflect upon one of the various aspects of Lent and of ways of enhancing our spiritual life and

turning away from bad habits and practices that we might have become accustomed to. With Poon Parégéntan, the Church

reminds us that God created us to live happily and in prosperity. Pari Gyank, “Good Living,” is what God created us for! The

first Sunday of Lent, however, comes to remind us of the reality that our life today is nowhere as happy and prosperous as God

intended it for us to be. There is death, sickness, poverty, hatred, jealousy and natural disasters. That is why the Fathers of our

Church designated “Expulsion” as the theme of the first Sunday in Lent; the first station of our annual spiritual journey. The term

is based on the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden because of their disobedience to God. The Church reminds

us that we are in this fallen state because we, beginning with Adam and Eve, chose to reject God’s will, and as such, subjected

ourselves to a world where God has voluntarily and temporarily stepped out of the picture to allow us, out of love, to enjoy our

freedom. We are on this earth, because we have been expelled from the blessed state of living in the presence of God and

according to His will. With this theme in mind, the church calls upon us to spend the second week of Lent reflecting on our

sinfulness and the consequence of disobeying God. Have we personally made decisions or choices knowingly that they are

SPECIAL POINTS OF INTEREST

against God’s will? Do we live a lifestyle that is not in agreement with the gospel of Jesus Christ? Do we make an effort to know

AND/OR CALL-OUTS

what God’s will for us is? Through the remaining Sundays of Great Lent the Church will help us reflect upon how we can regain that blessed state of eternal life, joy and peace. May the Lord accept our prayers and fasting during this blessed season.

SURPRISE GUESTS AT THE SECOND ANNUAL ARMENIAN STREET FESTIVAL The Primate’s Office has received confirmation of the visit of several celebrities and politicians to the Second Armenian Street Festival. Join us Sunday, 29th July, 2012, as we celebrate the second Armenian Street Festival in the UK. Since its inception last year, the Armenian Street Festival was planned by the Primate’s Office as an all-Armenian festival and the emphasis has been put on inviting as many Armenian organisations and groups to be part of the planning and producing of the event as possible. Last year’s Festival attracted many celebrities and dignitaries including the Mayor of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and over two thousand people. The Festival generated an income of over £6,000 after expenses. As always volunteers are needed to help with the various aspects of the Festival. If interested please contact the Primate’s Office by phone: 0208 127 8364 or E-MAIL. The Festival will include Armenian food, song, music, dance, church concert, stalls, children’s games and more.

FIRST ARMENIAN CHURCH ANNUAL ASSEMBLY

Mark your calendar the new date for the first Annual Assembly of the Armenian Church of the United Kingdom and Ireland, which will take place on Sunday, 11th March, 2012 in the St. Yeghiche Armenian Church in South Kensington, London, at 2:00pm, following the celebration of the Divine Liturgy. During the Assembly the following will be presented and discussed: the Primate’s Report; the report of the Armenian Church Youth Fellowship (ACYF); the activities and financial report of the Primate’s Office; and a proposed list of activities and budget for the year 2012. All are invited to participate in the Assembly. This is in an effort to engage our people in every aspect of the Armenian Church operation and administration. The Armenian Church has always been the heart and soul of the Armenian people. For further information, please contact the Primate’s Office at: 0208 127 8364, or e-mail: primtesoffice@armenianchurch.co.uk

CHECK OUT THE ARMENIAN CHURCH TRUST – UK WEBSITE (ACT-UK)

WWW.ARMENIANCHURCHTRUST.ORG.UK

24 February 2012

ISSUE 8, VOLUME 3

SCRIPTURE READINGS

According to the Armenian Church Lectionary

Sunday – 26 February

Artaqsman Kiraki

Expulsion Sunday

Isaiah 33:2-22 Romans 12:1-13:10 Matthew 5:17-48

Monday – 27 February

Eighth Day of Great Lent

1 Samuel 1:1-23 Proverbs 1:1-33 Jeremiah 1:1-10

Tuesday – 28 February

1 Samuel 1:23-2:26 Proverbs 2:1-3:10 Jeremiah 1:11-2:3

Wednesday – 29 February

Exodus 1:1-2:10 Joel 1:14-20

Thursday – 1 March

1 Samuel 3:21-4:18 Proverbs 3:11-4:14 Jeremiah 2:31-3:16

Friday – 2 March

Deuteronomy 7:11-8:1 Job 9:1-10:2 Isaiah 40:9-17

Saturday – 3 March

Proverbs 11:2-11 Isaiah 61:3-7 2 Timothy 4:1-8 John 10:11-16

Starting this Friday, 24th February

Join us this Friday, 24 February, for the first of six consecuetive Fridays during Great Lent, as we pray the traditional Peace and Rest services. These inspiring services will be offered at St. Sarkis Church, Kensington, London every Friday at 6:35pm. Service booklets have been prepared which contain the prayers, petitions, hymns and psalmodies of the services in Classical Armenian and English. This will hopefully make participation in the service easier and more inspiring especially for our youth and those who do not understand Classical Armenian very well. Indeed, the prayers and hymns of these services are some of the most inspiring prayers of the Armenian Church. Every Friday during Lent, after church services, a Lenten dinner will be served in the Nevart Gulbenkian Hall. The menu will include home- made food, according to the Armenian traditional recipes, with wine, soft drinks, coffee/tea and dessert. Each Friday one of the church organisations in London will prepare the dinner. A donation of £10 will help defray the cost of the preparation of the dinner and support the various church programmes. Free parking available from 18:30 onward. Join us! Click Here for more info.

William Shakespeare has had a strong influence in Armenia; poets, playwrights, actors and audiences have all lived and worked within his generous shade. Many great actors and directors have emerged from Armenia to go on to international success. For the first time in London, the Gabriel Sundukyan Academic Theatrical Group from Armenia, will be performing Shakespeare’s “King John” in the Globe on the 16th and 17th of May, 2012. Click Here for more info!

The Bible Study groups have resumed their weekly study and discussion sessions in the Nevart Gulbenkian Hall of the St. Sarkis Church according to the following schedule: Tuesdays at 18:30-20:00 in Armenian, and Thursdays at 19:00-20:30 in English, 23rd February. You do not have to be a biblical scholar or a church-goer to attend our Bible Study sessions. All are welcome, including new friends.

The Church altar curtain remains drawn during the holy season of Great Lent, as an expression of voluntarily depriving ourselves from the privilege of partaking in the Holy Communion. By doing so, the Church reminds us of the consequence of our sin: alienation from God and separation from God’s presence. Consequently, no communion is distributed in Armenian Churches to the public during Lenten.

LOUSSAPATZ 923 2012 02 25.

DEAR READER

PLEASE NOTE: THIS BLOG IS NO LONGER ABLE TO CONVERT ARMENIAN SCRIPT IN PDF - I WOULD APPRECIATE JPG FILES FOR FURTHER COMMUNICATIONS IN ORDER TO AVOID THE RESULT BELOW. YOU MAY READ IN ENGLISH FROM PAGE 12 ONWARD. WITH THANKS.

ÂÆô 923 Þ2 ́2Â, 25 __ _____ 2012_________ __ __ _______

Armenians in Science

STEPHAN ARIYAN, M.D.,M.B.A RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGEON, ORGINATOR OF THE PECTORALIS MAJOR FLAP, WHICH HAS BECOME THE MOST COMMONLY USED FLAPFOR HEAD AND NECK RECONSTRUCTION

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¦Â¿»õ ÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÁ Ï3ñ·3õáñáÕ μ3ñ»÷áËáõ3Í ûñ¿Ýë·ÇñùÁ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñ3- Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÙÁ 3å3Ñáí»Éáõ Ý»ñáõÅ áõÝÇ, μ3Ûó ÙÇ3ÛÝ ûñ¿Ýë1ñáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ ãÇ ÏñÝ3ñ »ñ3ßË3õáñ»É 3Û1: ¶ÉË3õáñ Ù3ñï3Ññ3õ¿ñ ÏÁ ÙÝ3Û ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåÙ3Ý μáÉáñ ß3Ñ3·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ»ñáõ Ñ3õ3ë3ñ »õ å3ïß3× Ù3ë- Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ§, - Áëáõ3Í ¿ ÄÐØƶ-Ç Ññ3å3ñ3Ï3Í 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç:

2ñÓ3Ý3·ñ»Éáí, áñ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ÏáÕÙ¿ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ý3Ë3å3ïñ3ëïÙ3Ý 3ß- Ë3ï3ÝùÝ»ñÁ ÏÿÁÝÃ3Ý3Ý μÝ3Ï3ÝáÝ »õ ÝáñÙ3É ÑáõÝáí, ÄÐØƶ-Á ÙÇ3Å3Ù3Ý3Ï ÏÁ Û3ÛïÝ¿, áñ ÁÝ11ÇÙ31ÇñÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï Çñ»Ýó áõÝ»ó3Í Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ, Ùï3Ñá·áõÃÇõÝ Û3ÛïÝ- áõ3Í ¿ μ31⁄2Ù3ÃÇõ 3Ý·3ÙÝ»ñ ùáõ¿3ñÏáõû3Ý, í3ñã3Ï3Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ ã3ñ3ß3ÑÙ3Ý »õ ÁÝ1- 1ÇÙ31Çñ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ ë3ï3ñáÕ ·áñÍ3ñ3ñÝ»ñáõ ÝÏ3ïÙ3Ùμ ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñáõ 3éÝãáõ- û3Ùμ:

o2ÐÎ/ÄÐØƶ-Ç 3é3ù»ÉáõÃÇõÝÁ ÁÝ1·Í»Éáí, áñ 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3Ù ÁÉÉ3Éáí Ï3ñ»ÉÇ 13ñÓ3Í ¿ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñáõ óáõó3ÏÝ»ñÁ ·ïÝ»É ÇÝÃÁñÝ»Ãáí, μ3Ûó ÁÝ11ÇÙáõû3Ý Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ Ùï3Ñá·áõ3Í »Ý óáõó3ÏÝ»ñáõ íñ3Û »ÕáÕ Ñ3õ3Ý3Ï3Ý ã3ñ3ß3ÑáõÙÝ»ñáõ Ï3å3Ïóáõû3Ùμ:

¦Ø»ñ μ31⁄2Ù3ÃÇõ 1⁄2ñáõó3ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ3Í »Ý, áñ 3ñï3ë3ÑÙ3Ý μÝ3ÏáÕ ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ Ñ3- ñÇõñ Ñ31⁄23ñ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñáõ 3ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»Ý ÙÝ3É ÁÝïñ3óáõó3ÏÝ»ñáõ íñ3Û »õ Ý3- Ëáñ1 ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ 3Û1 3ÝÓ»ñáõ ÷áË3ñ¿Ý ùáõ¿3ñÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Õ3Í »Ý§, - 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ- áõ3Í ¿ 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç:

o2ÐÎ/ÄÐØƶ-Ç Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ Ý3»õ Éë3Í »Ý μáÕáùÝ»ñ, áñ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Éñ3ïáõ3- Ï3Ý 13ßïÁ ÏáÕÙÝ3Ï3É ¿:

oôð2ØÆàôÂÆôÜÀ 21⁄42î 2èoôîàôðÆ ¶úîÆ êîoÔÌoÈàô Þàôðæ

́2Ü2ÎòàôÂÆôÜÜoð êÎê2Ì 3⁄4 Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÆ Ðoî oõñ3ÙÇáõÃÇõÝÁ áñáß3Í ¿ 31⁄23ï 3é»õïáõñÇ ·ûïÇ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ßáõñç μ3Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ëÏëÇÉ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç ËÃ3Ý¿ Çñ 3ñ»õ»É»3Ý »õñáå3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáç ïÝï»ë3- Ï3Ý 3×Ý áõ Ý»ñ1ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ: 2Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ ÏÁ Û3ÛïÝ¿ oõñ3ÙÇáõû3Ý å3ßïûÝ3Ï3Ý Ï3ÛùÇÝ íñ3Û

Ññ3å3ñ3Ïáõ3Í Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÁ:

2

́3Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ýå3ï3Ï áõÝÇÝ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ 3Ý1ñ313éÝ3É ßáõÏ3ÛÇ ÙáõïùÇ å3ÛÙ3ÝÝ»- ñáõÝ, 3ÛÉ Ý3»õ Ýå3ëï»É oõñ3ÙÇáõÃÇõÝ-Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3é3õ»É ë»ñï ïÝï»ë3Ï3Ý Ï3å»ñáõÝ:

¦21⁄23ï 3é»õïáõñÇ ßáõñç μ3Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ëÏëÇÉÁ ßñç313ñÓ3ÛÇÝ ¿ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï Ù»ñ 3é»õïñ3ÛÇÝ Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç: Ø»Ýù Ùáõïù ÏÁ ·áñÍ»Ýù Ýáñ ÷áõÉ, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç Ù»ñ ïÝï»ë3Ï3Ý Ï3å»ñÁ Ëáñáõû3Ý áõ Û3õ3ÏÝáïáõû3Ý 3éáõÙáí Ýáñ Ù3Ï3ñ- 13ÏÇ Ñ3ëÝÇݧ,- ÝÙ3Ý ·Ý3Ñ3ï3Ï3Ý ïáõ3Í ¿ oØ 2é»õïáõñÇ Ñ3ñó»ñáí Û3ÝÓÝ3Ï3ï3ñ ø3- ñ»É ̧¿ ¶áõËï:

21⁄23ï 3é»õïáõñÇ ·ûïÇÝ Ù3ë ÏÁ Ï31⁄2Ù¿ 3õ»ÉÇ É3ÛÝa oõñ3ÙÇáõû3Ý ÁÝÏ»ñ3Ïóáõû3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ3·ÇñÝ, áñáõ ßáõñç ÐÐ-Ç Ñ»ï μ3Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ï»ÕÇ Ï°áõÝ»Ý3Ý 2010-Ç ÚáõÉÇë¿Ý Ç í»ñ‘ 2ñ»õ»É»3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáõû3Ý »õ oõñáå3Ï3Ý Ñ3ñ»õ3Ýáõû3Ý ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý ßñç3Ý3ÏÝ»ñ¿Ý Ý»ñë:

Ú3Ûï3ñ3ñáõû3Ý Ù¿ç Áëáõ3Í ¿, áñ oØ-Ý Ýå3ï3Ï áõÝÇ μ3ñÓñ3óÝ»É Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ù3- Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ï3ÛáõÝáõû3Ý »õ 3å3Ñáíáõû3Ý Ù3Ï3ñ13ÏÁ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ ×3Ùμ3Û μ3- Ý3Éáí 1¿åÇ oõñ3ÙÇáõû3Ý ëå3éáÕ3Ï3Ý ßáõÏ3Û:

Ú3Ûï3ñ3ñáõû3Ý Ù¿ç ÏÿÁëáõÇ Ý3»õ, áñ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ å3ÛÙ3Ý ¿ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»É Çñ 3ßË3ï3ÝùÁ Ï3ÛáõÝ, Ã3÷3ÝóÇÏ áõ Ï3ÝË3ï»ë»ÉÇ ïÝï»ë3Ï3Ý ÙÇç3í3Ûñ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ áõÕ- Õáõû3Ùμ:

2011-ÇÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ »õ oõñ3ÙÇáõû3Ý »ñÏÇñÝ»ñáõÝ ÙÇç»õ 3é»õïñ3Ï3Ý ßñç3Ý3éáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ Ï31⁄2Ù3Í ¿ 960 ÙÇÉÇáÝ »õñû:

Ð2Ú2êî2Ü 2ÚòoÈoò 2ØoðÆÎo2Ü ¶àÜÎð3⁄4êÆ ä2îàôÆð2ÎàôÂÆôÜÀ

2ØÜ ¶áÝÏñ¿ëÇ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñÁ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ñ»ï ö»ïñáõ3ñ 19-ÇÝ ØÇ3ó»3É Ü3Ñ3Ý·Ý»ñáõ Ü»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñáõ î3Ý å3ïáõÇñ3Ïáõ-

ÃÇõÝÁ‘ ·áÝÏñ¿ë3Ï3Ý î¿ÛíÇï îñ3ÛÁñÇ ·ÉË3õáñáõû3Ùμ, Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙ áõÝ»ó3Í ¿ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ »õ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ê3Ùáõ3⁄4É ÜÇÏá»3ÝÇ Ñ»ï:

Ü»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñáõ î3Ý ÄáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáõû3Ý Û3ÝÓÝ3ÅáÕáíÇ Ý3- Ë3·3Ña ·áÝÏñ¿ë3Ï3Ý îñ3ÛÁñ ÁÝ1·Í3Í ¿ Û3é3çÇÏ3Û ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ï3ñ»õáñáõÃÇõÝÁ, »ñÏÏáÕÙ Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ï»ë3ÝÏÇõÝ¿Ý »õ Ïáã Áñ3Ía Ï3é3í3ñáõû3Ý áõ μáÉáñ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ ¦ÁÝ»É Çñ»ÝóÙ¿ Ï3Ëáõ3Í 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã‘ 3å3Ñáí»Éáõ 31⁄23ï, 3ñ13ñ3óÇ »õ íëï3Ñáõû3Ý 3ñÅ3ÝÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ§:

ä3ïáõÇñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ Ñ»ï3ùñùñáõÃÇõÝ Û3ÛïÝ3Í ¿ ÐÐ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ »õ 2ØÜ-Ç ¶áÝÏñ¿- ëÇ ÙÇç»õ Ï3å»ñáõ ë»ñï3óÙ3Ý í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É:

¶áÝÏñ¿ë3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÁ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý Å3Ù3Ý3Í ¿ÇÝ áñå¿ë ÄáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáõ- û3Ý Û3ÝÓÝ3ÅáÕáíÇ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñ: Ú3ÝÓÝ3ÅáÕáíÁ ÑÇÙÝ31ñáõ3Í ¿ 2005-ÇÝ, Ü»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇã- Ý»ñáõ î3Ý ÏáÕÙ¿, Ýå3ï3Ï áõÝ»Ý3Éáí 3ç3ÏóÇÉ 3ÝÏ3Ë, ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý ûñ¿Ýë1ÇñÝ»- ñáõÝ:

¶áÝÏñ¿ëÇ å3ïáõÇñ3Ïáõû3Ý Ï31⁄2ÙÇÝ Ù¿ç ÁÝ1·ñÏáõ3Í ¿ÇÝ Ü»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñáõ î3Ý 3Ý13ÙÝ»ña î¿ÛíÇï îñ3ÛÁñ (Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý, ø3ÉÇýáñÝÇ3), æ¿ÛÙ1⁄2 Øáñ3Ý (1»ÙáÏñ3ï, ìÁñ- ×ÇÝÇ3), æû àõÇÉëÁÝ (Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý, Ð3ñ3õ3ÛÇÝ ¶3ñáÉ3ÛÝ3), 2ïñÇ3Ý êÙÇà (Ñ3Ýñ3å»- ï3Ï3Ý, Ü»åñ3ëù3), ø¿ÝÝÇ Ø3ñã3Ýà (Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý, »ùë3ë), Ü»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñáõ î3Ý Ñá·»õáñ ÑáíÇõ ì»ñ. ö3ÃñÇù ¶áÝñáÛ »õ 3ßË3ï3Ï31⁄2ÙÇ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñ:

3

1⁄4àÐoðàô Ð2ð21⁄42îÜoðÀ ÎÀ Ú2Úî2ð2ðoÜa §ì2ð ̧2Ü úêÎ2Üo2ÜÀ Æð2ôàôÜø âàôÜÆ ìoð2 ̧2èÜ2È ø2Ô2ø2Î2ÜàôÂÆôÜ, Ü2 Ø2ðîÆ 1-Æ Ú2Üò2¶àðÌÜoðÆò Ø3⁄4ÎÜ

3⁄4¦

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ý3ËÏÇÝ 3ñï3ùÇÝ ·áñÍáó Ý3Ë3ñ3ñ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ 3Ý13Ù3Ïóáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ý Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ( ́ÐÎ) »õ 3Û1 Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý óáõó3Ïáí Û3é3- çÇÏ3Û ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ 3Ýáñ Ù3ëÝÙ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ, μ3õ3Ï3Ý Ù»Í 3ÕÙáõÏ ÏÁ Û3é3ç3óÝ¿ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ßñç3Ý3ÏÝ»ñáõ Ùûï, ÝÏ3ïÇ áõÝ»Ý3Éáí úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ùáã3ñ»3Ý3Ï3Ý ï3ñÇÝ»ñáõ Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, 3ÛÉ Ý3»õa 2008 Ãáõ3Ï3- ÝÇ Ø3ñï 1-Ç ëå3Ý1Ç 1⁄2áÑ»ñáõ Ñ3ñ31⁄23ïÝ»ñáõÝ Ùûï:

Ø3ñïÇ 1-Ç 1⁄2áÑ»ñ¿Ý îÇ·ñ3Ý Ê3ã3ïñ»3ÝÇ Ù3ÛñÁa 2ÉÉ3 ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÝ ¦2é3çÇÝ Éñ3ïáõ3Ï3ݧ-ÇÝ Áë3Í ¿, áñ Çñ Ñ3Ù3ñ μáÉáñáíÇÝ 3Ýëå3ë»ÉÇ ã¿ñ, áñ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3Ý ́ÐÎ 3Ý13Ù 13éÝ3Éáõ ó3ÝÏáõÃÇõÝ Û3ÛïÝ3Í ¿. ¦úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÁ èáμ»ñ1 øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ Ù3ñ1Ý ¿, ÇëÏ ́ÐÎ-Ý ¿Éa Ýñ3 Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ: ÆÝãá±õ, áõñ»ÙÝ, úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÁ ãå¿ïù ¿ ·Ý3ñ 3Û1 Ïáõë3Ï- óáõÃÇõÝ: 2ÛÝå¿ë áñ, Ýñ3Ýù ÙÇ ßÕÃ3Ûáí Ï3åáõ3Í »Ý Çñ3ña »ñ»õ3Û 13, ÿ áã: ÐÇÙ3 3Û1 Ï3åÝ 3õ»ÉÇ 3ÏÝÛ3Ûï ¿ 13éÝáõÙ: Ø3ñïÇ 1-Çó Û»ïáÛ »ë úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇÝ øáã3ñ»3ÝÇó ã»Ù μ3Å3- Ý»É, áñáíÑ»ï»õ Ýñ3Ýù »ñÏáõëÝ ¿É Ñ3õ3ë3ñ å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõáõÃÇõÝ »Ý ÏñáõÙ Ù3ñïÇ 1-Ç Ñ3- Ù3ñ§:

¦èáμ»ñ1 øáã3ñ»3ÝÁ ·Çï3ÏóáõÙ ¿, áñ Çñ í»ñ313ñÓáí Ù»Í íÝ3ë ÏÁ Ñ3ëóÝÇ ́ÐÎ-ÇÝ »õ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ Çñ å3ï×3éáí Ù»Í ÁÝïñ31⁄23Ý·áõ3Í ÏÁ ÏáñóÝÇ, 1ñ3 Ñ3Ù3ñ ¿É ·»ñ313ëáõÙ ¿ áã ÿ 3ÝÓ3Ùμ Ùáõïù ·áñÍ»É ́ÐÎ, 3ÛÉ 3ÛÝï»Õ áõÕ3ñÏ»É ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇݧ,- 3õ»Éóáõ- ó3Í ¿ îÇÏ. ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3Ý:

¦øáã3ñ»3ÝÁ Ùï3ÍáõÙ ¿, áñ úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÁ 3õ»ÉÇ Ù»ÕÙ 3ÝÓÝ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ¿ »õ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ íÝ3ë ãÇ Ñ3ëóÝÇ, 3ÛÉ»õ ¦åÉÛáõë§ ÏÁ μ»ñÇ ́ÐÎ-ÇÝ: ØÇ3Å3Ù3Ý3Ï, ÇÙ Ï3ñÍÇùáí, ß3ï Ù3ñ1ÇÏ úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇ 3Ý13Ù3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÇó Û»ïáÛ ́ÐÎ-ÇÝ 3ÛÉ»õë Ó3ÛÝ ã»Ý ï3Û§,- Áë3Í ¿ 2ÉÉ3 Úáí- Ñ3ÝÝÇë»3Ý:

¦èáμ»ñ1 øáã3ñ»3ÝÁ Ø3ñïÇ 1-Ç ÃÇõ Ù¿Ï Ù3ñ13ëå3ÝÝ ¿, »õ ÅáÕáíáõñ1Á Ýñ3Ý ï»ëÝ»É ãÇ áõ1⁄2áõÙ: ́ÐÎ-ÇÝ Ø3ñïÇ 1-Ç Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó ã»Ù 3Ýç3ïáõÙ: 2Û1 Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ »õë å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõáõÃÇõÝ ¿ ÏñáõÙ »õ Ù»Õ3õáñ ¿ Ù3ñïÇ 1-Ç á×ñ3·áñÍáõû3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ§,- ß»Ù- ï3Í ¿ 2ÉÉ3 ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3Ý:

Ø3ñïÇ 1-Ç 1⁄2áÑ»ñ¿Ý ¶áé øÉá»3ÝÇ Ñ3ÛñÁa ê3ñ·Çë øÉá»3Ý Çñ Ï3ñ·ÇÝ Áë3Í ¿. ¦ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÝ Çñ3õáõÝù ãáõÝÇ í»ñ313éÝ3É ù3Õ3ù3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝ, Ý3 Ø3ñïÇ 1-Ç Û3Ýó3·áñÍÝ»- ñÇó Ù¿ÏÝ ¿§:

àõß3·ñ3õ ¿, áñ ́ÐÎ-Ç ÏáÕÙ¿ áñ»õ¿ 3ñÓ3·3Ýù ã»Õ3õ 3Ûë Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ï3å3Ïóáõû3Ùμ:

Ø3ñïÇ 1-Ç Ù¿Ï 3ÛÉ ¦Ñ»ñáë§a Ü»ñùÇÝ 1⁄2ûñù»ñáõ Ý3ËÏÇÝ Ññ3Ù3Ý3ï3ñ, ¦Þ»ñÇý§ Ù3Ï3- ÝáõÝáí ¶ñÇ·áñ ¶ñÇ·áñ»3Ý, áñ 3ÏïÇõ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»ó3Í ¿ 2008 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3·3- Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ¿Ý Û»ïáÛ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Í Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, Ý»ñÏ3ÛÇë ÏÁ Õ»Ï3- í3ñ¿ ́ÐÎ 2ñ3ñ3ïÇ Ù3ñ1⁄23ÛÇÝ Ï3éáÛóÁ:

¦2é3õûï§ ûñ3ûñÃÇ 3ÛÝ Ñ3ñóÇÝ Ã¿, ÇÝãá±õ ́ÐÎ-Ç ßáõñç ÏÁ Ñ3Ù3ËÙμáõÇÝ Ù3ñ1ÇÏ, áñáÝù 3Ûë Ï3Ù 3ÛÝ Ï»ñå 3éÝãáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»ó3Í »Ý Ù3ñïÇÙ¿Ï»3Ý Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ»ï, Ü3Çñ3 1⁄4áÑñ3μ»3Ý å3ï3ëË3Ý3Í ¿. ¦ÜáÛÝ Ï»ñå, Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ 3ë»É, áñ ¦Ø3ñïÇ 1§-ÇÝ 3éÝãáõÃÇõÝ »Ý áõÝ»ó»É Ñ3Û3ëï3Ý»3Ý 3Û1 Å3Ù3Ý3Ïáõ3Û μáÉáñ Ù3ñ1ÇÏ: ƱÝã Ï3å áõÝÇ 13: àõñ»ÙÝa »ë ¿É, 1áõù ¿É, μáÉáñë ¿É å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõ »Ýù: oÿ ã»Ù ëË3ÉõáõÙ, ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3- ÝÁ 2011 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõݧ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇÝ ïáõ3Í Ñ3ñó31⁄2ñáÛóáõÙ å3ï3ëË3Ý»É ¿ñ Ó»1⁄2 Ûáõ1⁄2áÕ μáÉáñ Ñ3ñó»ñÇÝ: Î3ñáÕ ¿ù í»ñ Ñ3Ý»É 3Û1 Ññ3å3ñ3ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ »õ ëï3Ý3É å3- ï3ëË3ÝÝ»ñÁ§:

4

Ð2äÎ-Æ ÜoðàôÄÀ Î2ðàÔ 3⁄4 ø2àê2ÚÆÜ Æð2ìÆÖ2ÎÜoðàôØ ú¶î2¶àðÌàôoÈ

Ð2äÎ ·ÉË3õáñ ù3ñïáõÕ3ñ ÜÇÏáÉ3Û ́áñ1áõÅ3

Ð3õ3ù3Ï3Ý 3Ýíï3Ý·áõû3Ý å3ÛÙ3Ý3·ñÇ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõû3Ý (Ð2äÎ) ·ÉË3õáñ ù3ñ- ïáõÕ3ñ ÜÇÏáÉ3Û ́áñ1áõÅ3Ý ãÇ μ3ó3éáõÙ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõû3Ý 3Ý13Ù »ñÏñÝ»ñÇó áñ»õ¿ Ù¿- ÏáõÙ ù3áë3ÛÇÝ Çñ3íÇ×3Ï ëï»ÕÍáõ»Éáõ å3ñ3·3ÛáõÙ Ð2äÎ-Ç åáï»ÝóÇ3ÉÇ û·ï3·áñÍáõÙÁ:

2Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ ́áñ1áõÅ3Ý Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó oñ»õ3Ý-2ëï3Ý3-ÎÇ»õ-ØÇÝëÏ-ØáëÏáõ3 ï»ë3Ï3- Ùáõñç- 3ëáõÉÇëÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï‘ å3ï3ëË3Ý»Éáí ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõݧ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇ Ñ3ñóÇÝ, ÿ ÑÝ3- ñ3õá±ñ ¿, áñ Ð2äÎ-Á ÙÇç3ÙïÇ 3Ý13Ù »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõû3Ý Ñ3ñó»ñÇÝ »õë:

¦ ̧3 Ý3Ë3·3ÑÝ»ñÇ å3ÛÙ3Ý3õáñáõ3Íáõû3Ý ßñç3Ý3ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ¿, áñ Ó»éù ¿ μ»ñáõ»É 2ë- ï3Ý3ÛÇ áã ýáñÙ3É ·3·3ÃÝ3ÅáÕáíÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ: Ø»Ýù ùÝÝ3ñÏ»É »Ýù, áñ å¿ïù »Ý Ù»Ë3- ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ñ 3ÛÝ 1¿åù»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ, »ñμ ïáõ»3É »ñÏñÇ Çñ3õ3å3Ñ Ù3ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý Ï3ñáÕ3ÝáõÙ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ í»ñ3ÑëÏ»É, »ñÏñáõÙ ù3áë ¿, 1⁄23Ý·áõ3Í3ÛÇÝ 3ÝÏ3ñ·áõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý, Ã3É3Ý ¿, »õ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Ù3Ï3ñ13Ïáí ÑÝ3ñ3õáñ ã¿ í»ñ3ÑëÏ»É 1ñáõÃÇõÝÁ: Ð3õ3ù3Ï3Ý 3Ýíï3Ý·áõû3Ý ËáñÑñ1Ç ÏáÝë»Ýëáõëáí Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ ·áñÍ3Í»É Ð2äÎ-Ç åáï»ÝóÇ3ÉÁ, áã ÿ 1⁄2ûñù»ñÁ, Û3ïáõÏ 1⁄2ûñ3ÙÇ3õáñáõÙÝ»ñÁ, 3ÛÉ, ÁÝ1·ÍáõÙ »Ù, åáï»ÝóÇ3ÉÁ: 2Ûá, ÇëÏ3å¿ë ÝÙ3Ý å3ÛÙ3Ý3õáñáõ3ÍáõÃÇõÝ Ï3Û, »õ 3Û1 áõÕÕáõû3Ùμ Ù»Ýù 3ßË3ï»É »Ýù§, - Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó ́áñ1áõÅ3Ý‘ Û3õ»É»Éáí, áñ áñáßáõÙÁ å¿ïù ¿ ÁÝ1áõÝáõÇ ÙÇ3ÛÝ ù3Õ3ù3óÇÝ»ñÇ å3ßïå3Ýáõ- û3Ý »õ Ï3ñ·áõÏ3ÝáÝÇ Ñ3ëï3ïÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ, »õ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýå3ï3Ï ãáõÝÇ Í3é3Û»- Éáõ ÁÝ11ÇÙáõû3Ý 1¿Ý å3Ûù3ñÇÝ:

¦oë ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ 3Ý·3Ù Ýᯐ »Ù, áñ 13 ãå¿ïù ¿ 1Çï3ñÏ»É áñå¿ë Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõû3Ý ÏáÕÙÇó Å3Ý13ñÙÇ ·áñÍ3éáÛÃÝ»ñÇ ëï3ÝÓÝáõÙ, »õ áã ¿É ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ áõÅ»ñÇ 1¿Ù Ï3Ù ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý å3Ûù3ñáõÙ Ð2äÎ-Ç Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáõÃÇõݧ, - 3ë3ó Ý3:

ä3ï3ëË3Ý»Éáí Õ3ñ3μ3Õ»3Ý Ñ3Ï3Ù3ñïáõû3Ý ÑÝ3ñ3õáñ í»ñëÏëÙ3Ý 1¿åùáõÙ Ð2äÎ- Ç Ù3ëÝ3Ïóáõû3Ý, Ù3ëÝ3õáñ3å¿ë, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3ç3Ïóáõû3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ Ñ3ñóÇÝ‘ Ð2äÎ-Ç ·ÉË3õáñ ù3ñïáõÕ3ñÝ 3ë3ó, áñ 3Ûë Ñ3ñóáí Û3çáÕáõû3Ùμ 1⁄2μ3ÕõáõÙ ¿ ØÇÝëÏÇ ËáõÙμÁ, Ýáñ Ù»Ë3ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ñ å¿ïù ã»Ý, »õ Ñ3ñÏ ãÏ3Û, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç 3ÛÉ ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ÙÇ- ç3Ùï»Ý 3Ûë Ñ3ñóÇÝ:

§Ð2Ú-Âàôðø2Î2Ü ́2ÊØ2Ü ̧3⁄4äøàôØ Æð2ÜÀ Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÆ Ðoî

ØÆ2êÆÜ ÂàôðøoðÆ ̧3⁄4Ø 3⁄4 ÎèàôoÈàô¦. ØÆÈ3⁄4Â

Âáõñù3Ï3Ý ¦ØÇɿç å3ñμ»ñ3Ï3ÝÇ Éñ3·ñáÕ, í»ñÉáõÍ3μ3Ý 3⁄4ñ13É ÞÇÙß¿ùÝ Çñ Ñ3Ï3Ç- ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÙ3Ý Ù¿ç 1⁄23õ»ßï3ÉÇ »1⁄2ñ3Ñ3Ý·áõÙÝ»ñ ¿ 3ñ»É:

Âáõñù í»ñÉáõÍ3μ3ÝÁ ÷áñÓ»É ¿ óáÛó ï3É, áñ Æñ3ÝÁ ÷3ëï3óÇ ÃßÝ3ÙÇ ¿ ÿ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇÝ, ÿ ÂáõñùÇ3ÛÇÝ: Ü3 ûñÇÝ3Ï ¿ μ»ñáõÙ 2ÉÇ»õÇa ¦oë 3ßË3ñÑÇ 50 ÙÉÝ 31ñμ»ç3ÝóÇÝ»ñÇ Ý3Ë3- ·3ÑÝ »Ù§ 3ñï3Û3Ûïáõû3Ý íñ3Û Æñ3ÝÇ ËÇëï 3ñÓ3·3ÝùÁa Ýß»Éáí, áñ ÿ ÂáõñùÇ3ÛáõÙ, ÿ ìñ3ëï3ÝáõÙ ÙÇÉÇáÝ3õáñ 31ñμ»ç3ÝóÇÝ»ñ »Ý 3åñáõÙ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ 3Û1 »ñÏñÝ»ñÁ Ó3ÛÝ ãÑ3Ý»óÇÝ, ÇëÏ Æñ3ÝÁ ëÏë»ó ëå3éÝ3É 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇÝ:

¦21ñμ»ç3ÝÁ Ï3Ëáõ3Í ¿ Æñ3ÝÇó, ù3ÝÇ áñ Ü3ËÇç»õ3ÝÇÝ Ï3åáÕ ó3Ù3ù3ÛÇÝ ×3Ý3å3ñ- ÑÁ Æñ3ÝÇ ÙÇçáí ¿ 3ÝóÝáõÙ: ̧ñ3 Ñ3Ù3ñ ¿É 21ñμ»ç3ÝÁ ÉéáõÙ ¿ Æñ3ÝÇ ù3ÛÉ»ñÇ 1¿Ý§,-·ñáõÙ ¿

5

3⁄4ñ13É ÞÇÙß¿ùÁa 3Ý1ñ313éÝ3Éáí Æñ3Ý-Ð3Û3ëï3Ý Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ »õ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕÇ ËÝ1ñÇÝ:

¦Æñ3ÝÇ »õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ÙÇç»õ Ï3Û ¦ÙÇÙ»3Ýó 1¿Ù ãÛ3ñÓ3ÏÙ3Ý »õ 13ßÝ3Ïó3ÛÇݧ Ñ3- Ù3Ó3ÛÝ3·ñ»ñ: ̧3 Ýß3Ý3ÏáõÙ ¿, áñ ÇÝã ¿É ÉÇÝÇ, Æñ3ÝÁ »õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ áõÕÕ3ÏÇ Ï3Ù 3ÝáõÕ- Õ3ÏÇ Ï»ñåáí Çñ3ñ 1¿Ù ã»Ý Û3ñÓ3ÏáõÇ: oõ Æñ3ÝÝ áõ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ 1ñëÇó »ÏáÕ ó3ÝÏ3ó3Í Û3ñÓ3ÏÙ3Ý 1¿Ù ÙÇ3ëÇÝ »Ý Ñ3Ï3Ñ3ñáõ3Í ï3Éáõ: 2ÛëÇÝùÝa Ñ3õ3Ý3Ï3Ý Ñ3Û-Ãáõñù3Ï3Ý μ3Ë- Ù3Ý 1¿åùáõÙ Çñ3ÝóÇ 1⁄2ÇÝáõáñÝ»ñÁ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï ÂáõñùÇ3ÛÇ 1¿Ù »Ý Ïéáõ»Éáõ: 2ÛÝå¿ë, ÇÝãå¿ë 3Ûëûñ Ýñ3Ýù Ï3Ý·Ý3Í »Ý 3ûÇëï 2ë31Ç ÏáÕùÇÝ: Æñ3ÝÁ ÙÇ »ñÏÇñ ¿, áñÁ μéÝ3·- ñ3õ»É ¿ 31ñμ»ç3Ý3Ï3Ý ÑáÕ»ñÇ Ï¿ëÁ »õ μÝ3Ïãáõû3Ý 80 ïáÏáëÇÝ û·ï3·áñÍáõÙ ¿ áñå¿ë ëïñáõÏ: 2Û1 ÇëÏ å3ï×3éáí Æñ3ÝÁ 13ßÝ3ÏÇó ¿ ¦31ñμ»ç3Ý3Ï3Ý ÑáÕ»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù3ëÁ ·ñ3õ3ͧ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï:

Æñ3Ý3Ï3Ý 1ÇÏï3ïáõñ3Ý 1⁄23ñ·3óÝáõÙ ¿ »Õμ3Ûñ3Ï3Ý Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï »õ ¦ÐÇõëÇë3ÛÇÝ 21ñμ»ç3ÝáõÙ§ ßÇ3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝ ï3ñ3ÍáõÙ, áñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ ï3ñ»Ï3Ý Ñ3- ñÇõñ ÙÇÉÇáÝ3õáñ 1áÉ3ñÝ»ñ ¿ Í3ËëáõÙ: Æñ3ÝÁ 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇ Ãáõñù3Ï3Ý 1åñáóÝ»ñÁ ÷3Ï»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ áñå¿ë Ï3ß3éù ¿ μ3Å3Ý»É Ùûï 100 ÙÉÝ 1áÉ3ñ:

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3Ù»Ý3Ù»Í 3é»õïñ3ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÁ Æñ3ÝÝ ¿: 2Ù¿Ý ï3ñÇ Ñ3ñÇõñ ÙÇÉÇáÝ3- õáñ 1áÉ3ñÝ»ñÇ 3é»õï3ßñç3Ý3éáõÃÇõÝ ¿ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óõáõÙ 2 »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç»õ: oñμ 3Ûë 1»ï3É- Ý»ñÝ ÇÙÇ »Ýù μ»ñáõÙ, ï»ëÝáõÙ »Ýù, áñ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕÝ Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÙ ¦1⁄23õûɧ »Ý áã ÿ Ñ3Û»ñÁ, 3ÛÉa Çñ3ÝóÇÝ»ñÁ§,-ÝßõáõÙ ¿ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÙ3Ý Ù¿ç:

§èà ́oð ̧ øàâ2ðo2ÜÀ Ð2Üð2äoî2Î2ÜÜoðÆÜ êîÆäoò Øî2Ðà¶àôoÈ ì2Ôàô2Ú úðàô2Ú Ø2êÆܦ.-§Üo1⁄42ìÆêÆØ2Ú2 ¶21⁄4oî2¦

èáõë3Ï3Ý ¦Ü»1⁄23íÇëÇÙ3Û3 ·31⁄2»ï3§ å3ñμ»ñ3Ï3ÝÇ Ûû1áõ3Í3·Çñ oáõñÇ êÇÙáÝ»3ÝÁ ¦2äÐ »ñÏñÝ»ñÁ. í3Õáõ3Û ûñáõ3Û Ñ3Ù3ñ Ùï3Ñá·áõ»Éáí§ í»ñï3éáõû3Ùμ Ûû1áõ3ÍáõÙ 3Ý1- ñ313ñÓ»É ¿ 2äÐ ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ï»3ÝùáõÙ í»ñçÇÝ ßñç3ÝáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»- óáÕ 1⁄23ñ·3óáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ.

ì3Õáõ3Û ûñáõ3Û Ù3ëÇÝ Ùï3Ñá·áõ»ó Ý3»õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ÇßËáÕ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3Ï- óáõÃÇõÝÁ: 2Ûëï»Õ ÏñÏÇÝ 3ÏïÇí3ó»É »Ý »ñÏñáñ1 Ý3Ë3·3Ñ èáμ»ñ1 øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ‘ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3- ÝáõÃÇõÝ í»ñ313éÝ3Éáõ Ù3ëÇÝ Éáõñ»ñÁ: ̧ñ3 3ÝáõÕÕ3ÏÇ íÏ3ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ñ3Ù3ñ»É Ý3ËÏÇÝ 3ñï·áñÍÝ3Ë3ñ3ñ, 31⁄21»óÇÏ ¦êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë§ ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý- »3ÝÇ‘ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ݧ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3ÝÝ 3Ý13Ù3Ïó»ÉÁ, Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ, áñ Ð3Ýñ3- å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Ñ»ï 1»é ÇßËáÕ Ïá3ÉÇóÇ3 ¿ Ï31⁄2ÙáõÙ:

¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ݧ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ Å3Ù3Ý3ÏÇÝ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝ»É ¿ñ øá- ã3ñ»3ÝÁ, »õ ÇÝãå¿ë íëï3Ñ»óÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ÷áñÓ3·¿ïÝ»ñÁ, 3Û1åÇëáí Ý3 Çñ Ñ3Ù3ñ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Û»Ý3ñ3Ý ¿ñ å3ïñ3ëï»É: ì»ñçÇÝ ßñç3ÝáõÙ Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇ »õ ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý ·ÉË3õáñ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý íëï3ÑáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏáñóÝáÕ ¦μ3ñ·3õ3×Ý»ñǧ ÙÇç»õ Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ÝÏ3- ï»ÉÇûñ¿Ý ëñáõ»É »Ý øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ í»ñ313ñÓÇ Ù3ëÇÝ Éáõñ»ñÇ å3ï×3éáí: oõ 3Û1 Éáõñ»ñÁ, 3ÏÝÛ3Ûïûñ¿Ý, 3ÝÑÇÙÝ ã»Ý: úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÁ ¦øáã3ñ»3ÝÇ Ù3ñ1Ý ¿§ Ñ3Ù3ñõáõÙ: ä3ï3Ñ3Ï3Ý ã¿, áñ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3é3çÝáñ1Ý»ñÁ ËÇëï 1Çõñ3·ñ·Çé ÁÝ1áõÝ»óÇÝ úëÏ3Ý- »3ÝÇ 3é3çÇÝ »ÉáÛÃÁ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ݧ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3Ý13ÙÇ Ï3ñ·3íÇ×3ÏáõÙ ÝÏ3ïÇ áõÝ»Ý3Éáí‘ ãÇ Ñ3ëóñ»É Ñ3Ù3Éñ»É ¦μ3ñ·3õ3×Ý»ñǧ ß3ñùÁ§, 3ñ1¿Ý ÇÝã-áñ Íñ3·Çñ ¿ 3é3ç ù3ßáõÙ: Ð3ñó ¿‘ áõÙ Íñ3·ÇñÁ:

êîoö2Ü2ÎoðîàôØ ÜÞàôØ oÜ 2ðò2ÊÆ ìoð2ÌÜÜ ̧Æ úðÀ

ö»ïñáõ3ñ 3ÙÇëÁ Ñ3Ù3ñõáõÙ ¿ Õ3ñ3μ3Õ»3Ý ß3ñÅÙ3Ý ËáñÑñ13ÝÇßÁ: ÆëÏ 1988 Ãáõ3- Ï3ÝÇ ö»ïñáõ3ñÇ 20-ÇÝ ÈÔÆØ Ù3ñ1⁄2ËáñÑáõñ1Ý áõ Þ3ÑáõÙ»3ÝÇ ßñç3Ý3ÛÇÝ ËáñÑáõñ1Á áñá- ßáõÙ Ï3Û3óñ»óÇÝ Ù3ñ1⁄2Á 21ñμ»ç3ÝÇ Ï31⁄2ÙÇó 1áõñë μ»ñ»Éáõ »õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï í»ñ3ÙÇ3õá- ñ»Éáõ Ù3ëÇÝ: Ô3ñ3μ3ÕáõÙ 3Ûë ûñÁ å3ßïûÝ3å¿ë ÝßõáõÙ ¿ áñå¿ë 2ñó3ËÇ í»ñ3ÍÝÝ1Ç ûñ:

¦ÐÇÙÝáõ»Éáí 31⁄2·»ñÇ 31⁄23ï ÇÝùÝáñáßÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ù3ñ1Ï3ÛÇÝ ëÏ1⁄2μáõÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ3Û‘ Ù»Ýù ÷áñÓ»óÇÝù Ù»ñ ûñÇÝ3Ï3Ý áõ 3ñ13ñ3óÇ Ó3ÛÝÁ Ñ3ëóÝ»É 3ßË3ñÑÇ 3é3ç31ñ»Ý Ù3ñ1Ïáõ- û3ÝÁ: 2é3çÝáñ1áõ»Éáí ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Çñ3õáõÝùÇ Ñ3Ýñ3×3Ý3ã ÝáñÙ»ñáí‘ Ù»Ýù Çñ3Ï3- Ý3óñÇÝù ÇÝùÝáñáßÙ3Ý Ù»ñ μÝ3Ï3Ý Çñ3õáõÝùÁ »õ Ù»ñ 3ñÅ3ÝÇ ï»ÕÁ 1⁄2μ3Õ»óñÇÝù ï3ñ3- Í3ßñç3Ý3ÛÇÝ áõ ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÝ»ñáõÙ§, - 3Ûë å3ïÙ3Ï3Ý ûñáõ3Û 3éÝãáõû3Ùμ ï3ñ3Íáõ3Í Çñ áõÕ»ñÓáõÙ 3ë»É ¿ È»éÝ3ÛÇÝ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ́3Ïû ê3Ñ3Ï»3ÝÁ: - ¦ø3ÛÉ 3é ù3ÛÉ Ï3Û3ó3õ å»ï3Ï3Ý Ï3é3í3ñÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Á, Ñ3ëï3ïáõ»óÇÝ ÅáÕáíñ13- í3ñ3Ï3Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïÝ»ñÁ, ëï»ÕÍáõ»ó 31⁄23ï ßáõÏ3Û3Ï3Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÇõݧ:

6

Ð2Î-À Ü2Ê2îoêàôØ 3⁄4 4000 ìêî2Ðàô2Ì 2ÜÒ àôÜoÜ2È ÀÜîð2îoÔ2Ø2êoðàôØ

Ð2Î-Ç Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·áÕ È»õáÝ 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3Ý ¦Ø3ñïÇ 1-Ç Ñ3Ýñ3Ñ3õ3ùÇÝ Ð3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÁ (Ð2Î) Ñ3Ý1¿ë ÏÁ ·3Û áñáß3ÏÇ ù3-

Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáí‘ ß»ßïÁ 1Ý»Éáí 3é3çÇÏ3Û ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ μá- Éáñ ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñáõÙ íëï3Ñáõ3Í 3ÝÓ3Ýó Ý»ñÏ3Ûáõû3Ý 3å3ÑáíÙ3Ý íñ3Û§, 3Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ ¦ÀÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ýñ3ÛÇÝ í»ñ3ÑëÏáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ§ Ëáñ3·ñÇ Ý»ñùáÛ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ù3Õ3ù3·¿ï- Ý»ñÇ ÙÇáõÃÇõÝáõÙ Ï3Û3ó3Í ÉëáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó Ð2Î-Ç Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·áÕ È»õáÝ 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÁ:

¦Ø»ËÁ å¿ïù ¿ ÉÇÝÇ Ñ»ï»õ»3ÉÁ. Ù»Ýù, μÝ3Ï3Ý3μ3ñ, Ï3ñáÕ3Ý3Éáõ »Ýù μáÉáñ ï»Õ3Ù3- ë»ñáõÙ áõÝ»Ý3É íëï3Ñáõ3Í 3ÝÓÇù, Ý3»õ åÉ3Ý3õáñáõÙ »Ýù Ù»Í3Ù3ëÝ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·áí Ù3ëÝ3Ïó»É μáÉáñ 41 ÁÝïñ3ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñáõÙ, ÇÝãÁ ÃáÛÉ ÏÁ ï3Û Ù»ñ íëï3Ñáõ3Í 3ÝÓ3Ýó ù3- Ý3ÏÁ 3õ»É3óÝ»É »ñÏáõ 3Ý·3Ù, ÷3ëïûñ¿Ý Ù»Ýù 4000 Ù3ñ1 Ï3ñáÕ »Ýù áõÝ»Ý3É ÁÝïñ3ï»- Õ3Ù3ë»ñáõÙ§, - Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó Ð2Î-Ç Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·áÕÁ:

¦ÀÝïñ3ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñáõÙ Ù»Ýù å3ïñ3ëï »Ýù ÇëÏ3å¿ë ×3Ï3ï3Ù3ñï ï3É »õ å3ïñ3ëï »Ýù û·Ý»É μáÉáñ Ýñ3Ýó, áíù»ñ »õë å3ïñ3ëï »Ý ×3Ï3ï3Ù3ñï ï3É ÁÝïñ3ï»Õ3Ù3ë»- ñáõÙ§, - Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ ·áñÍÇãÁ:

2Û1 ×3Ï3ï3Ù3ñïÝ ÙÕáõ»Éáõ ¿ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ ÁÝïñ3ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñáõÙ. Ðñ31⁄213ÝÇ ÷áñÓÁ, È»õáÝ 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÇ Ëûëùáí, óáÛó ïáõ»ó, áñ Ñ3ñÏ ¿ Ûëï3Ï Ù»Ë3ÝÇ1⁄2ÙÝ»ñ Ùß3Ï»É Ý3» õ ï»Õ3Ù3ë»- ñÇó 1áõñë ÁÝÃ3óáÕ ÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý åñáó¿ëÝ»ñÁ í»ñ3ÑëÏ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ, ù3ÝÇ áñ Ñ»Ýó 1ñ3Ýó ÁÝ- Ã3óùáõÙ »Ý Ï3ï3ñõáõÙ ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3Ý 3åûñÇÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: ÆßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, Áëï ÎáÝ·ñ¿ëÇ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·áÕÇ, 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã 3ÝáõÙ »Ý, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç Ùñó3ÏÇóÁ ÙÇÝã μáõÝ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ 3ñ1¿Ý ÇëÏ 13ï3å3ñïáõ3Í ÉÇÝÇ å3ñïáõû3Ý:

ê3Ï3ÛÝ Ðñ31⁄213ÝáõÙ 3Ý·3Ù ÙÇ3Ý ÁÝïñ3ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñáõÙ íëï3Ñáõ3Í 3ÝÓ3Ýó Ûëï3Ï í»ñ3ÑëÏáÕáõû3Ý å3ÛÙ3ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÇ Ó»õ3Ï»ñåÙ3Ùμ, ¦åñáý»ëÇáÝ3É ÁÝïñ3Ï»Õ- Í3ñ3ñ Û3Ýó3·áñÍÝ»ñÁ§ ëïÇåáõ3Í »Õ3Ý ùÇã ÿ ß3ï ûñÇÝ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ 3ÝóÏ3óÝ»É ï»Õ3Ù3ë»ñáõÙ »õ 3ñ1ÇõÝùáõÙ Ð2Î-Ý 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ»ó 3ÝÝ3Ë31¿å Û3ÕÃ3Ý3Ï‘ ëï3Ý3Éáí ùáõ¿- Ý»ñÇ 47 ïáÏáëÁ:

¦ØÇ ïáÏáë, áñÁ »ñμ»õ¿ áñ»õ¿ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝáõÙ å3ßïûÝ3å¿ë Ð2Î-Á Ï3Ù ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝÁ ã¿ñ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ»É: Ü3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ 13 21.5 ïáÏáë ¿ñ, oñ»õ3ÝÇ 3õ3·3Ýáõ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ‘ 20 ïáÏáë§, - 3ë3ó Ý3:

ØÇÝã1»é, Ð2Î-Ç Ñ3Ù3ñ ÙÇ3Ýß3Ý3Ï ¿, áñ Çñ3Ï3ÝáõÙ ê3ëáõÝ ØÇù3Û¿É»3ÝÁ Ðñ31⁄213ÝáõÙ Û3ÕÃ»É ¿, ÇÝãáõÙ áñ»õ¿ Ï3ëÏ3Í ãÇ Ï3ñáÕ ÉÇÝ»É, åÝ1áõÙ ¿ È»õáÝ 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÝ áõ 3ëáõ3ÍÁ ÑÇÙÝ3õáñáõÙ ËÝ1ñáÛ 3é3ñÏ3Û ï3ñ3ÍùáõÙ ÅáÕáíñ13·ñ3Ï3Ý Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõû3Ùμ:

¦2008 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ Ø3ÛÇëÇÝ, »ñμ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Ý Ðñ31⁄213ÝÇ ù3Õ3ù3å»ïÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»- ñÁ, ÁÝïñ3óáõó3ÏáõÙ ÁÝ1·ñÏáõ3Í ¿ »Õ»É 41 Ñ31⁄23ñ ÁÝïñáÕ: 2Ûë ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ÝáÛÝ ÁÝïñ3óáõó3ÏáõÙ ÁÝ1·ñÏáõ3Í ¿ñ 44 Ñ31⁄23ñÇó 3õ»ÉÇ ÁÝïñáÕ§, - 3ë3ó 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÁ:

7

2Ûë ý»ÝáÙ¿ÝÇ ·Çï3Ï3Ý μ3ó3ïñáõÃÇõÝÁ ëï3Ý3Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ ÎáÝ·ñ¿ëÇ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·áÕÁ Ñ»- ï»õ»3É Ñ3ñóÝ ¿ áõÕÕáõÙ ù3Õ3ù3·¿ïÝ»ñÇÝ áõ Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñÇÝ‘ ÇÝã忱ë ÑÝ3ñ3õáñ 13ñÓ3õ, áñ Í3Ýñ ëáóÇ3É ïÝï»ë3Ï3Ý ×·Ý3Å3Ù 3åñáÕ ÙÇ »ñÏñáõÙ, áñï»ÕÇó Ñ3ñÇõñ Ñ31⁄23ñÝ»ñáí Ù3ñ1ÇÏ 3ñï3·3ÕÃáõÙ »Ý, ÙÇ ÷áùñÇÏ ù3Õ3ùáõÙ, áñï»Õ, Ç 1¿å, áãÇÝã ãÇ 1⁄23ñ·3ÝáõÙ áõ »Õ3Í 3ßË3ï3ï»Õ»ñÝ ¿É å3Ï3ë»É »Ý, ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3õ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇ μáõÙ. - ¦Æ±Ýã ¿ å3ï3- Ñ»É, ë3 μ3ó3ïñáõÃÇõÝ å¿±ïù ¿ áõÝ»Ý3Û§, - Ñ3ñóñ»ó Ý3‘ Û3õ»É»Éáí, áñ Ð2Î-Ç Ñ3Ù3ñ μ3- ó3ïñáõÃÇõÝÁ ß3ï å3ñ1⁄2 ¿. - ¦Øûï 4000 ÁÝïñáÕÇ, 3åûñÇÝ3μ3ñ, Ï»ÕÍ»Éáí Ýñ3Ýó Ñ3ßáõ3- éáõÙÁ 3ÝÓÝ3·ñ»ñáõÙ, Ý»ñ·ñ3õ»É »Ý ÁÝïñ3óáõó3ÏÝ»ñÇ Ù¿ç: ́Ý3Ï3Ý3μ3ñ, Ý»ñ·ñ3õ»É »Ý 3ÛÝ Ù3ñ1Ï3Ýó, áõÙ íñ3Û íëï3Ñ »Ý »Õ»É, áõÙ Ý3Ë3å¿ë 3Ñ3μ»Ï»É Ï3Ù Ï3ß3é»É »Ý: oõ 3Û1 Ù3ñ1Ï3Ýó Ó3ÛÝ»ñáí ¿, áñ Ï3ñáÕ3ó»É »Ý Ëáõë3÷»É ç3Ëç3ËÇã å3ñïáõÃÇõÝÇó§:

§Ü2Ê2¶2ÐÀ Øoð Ø2ðî2Î2Ü ÀÜÎoðÜ 3⁄4¦

oÎØ Ñ3Ù3·áõÙ3ñÇÝa Ø3Ýáõ¿É ¶ñÇ·áñ»3Ý (Ò3Ë¿Ý 3é3çÇÝ) »õ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3Ý ÏáÕù-ÏáÕùÇ

ö»ïñáõ3ñ 18-ÇÝ, Ø3ñ1⁄23Ñ3Ù»ñ·3ÛÇÝ Ñ3Ù3ÉÇñáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3õ oñÏñ3å3Ñ Î3Ù3õáñ3- Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇ ØÇáõû3Ý (oÎØ) 9-ñ1 Ñ3Ù3·áõÙ3ñÁ: Ð3Ù3·áõÙ3ñÇ 3õ3ñïÇÝ Ññ3õÇñáõ3Í 3ëáõÉÇ- ëáõÙ oÎØ í3ñãáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3·3Ñ, ·»Ý»ñ3É-É»Ûï»Ý3Ýï Ø3Ýáõ¿É ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó, áñ 3é3çÇÏ3 ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ÙÇáõÃÇõÝÁ ë3ï3ñ»Éáõ ¿ Ð3Ýñ3å»ïáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇÝ:

ä3ï3ëË3Ý»Éáí ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõݧ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇ Ñ3ñóÇÝ, ÿ 3ñ1»ûù 3é3çÇÏ3Û ÁÝïñáõ- ÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ oÎØ-Ý ë3ï3ñ»Éáõ ¿ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3ÝÁ, Ø3Ýáõ¿É ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ 3ë3ó. - ¦ÆßËáÕ Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3ÝÇÝ... ÝÙ3Ý μ3Ý ãÑÝã»ó, μ3Ûó áñ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÁ Ù»ñ Ù3ñï3Ï3Ý ÁÝÏ»ñÝ ¿, Ù»Ýù Çñ»Ý ë3ï3ñ »Ýù ÉÇÝ»Éáõ: Øáé3Ýá±õÙ ¿ù, áñ Ý3 Ù»ñ å3ßïå3Ýáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3- ñ3ñÝ ¿ »Õ»É Í3Ýñ Ù3ñï»ñÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï, 93-94 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇÝ: Æñ Ññ3Ù3ÝÝ»ñÝ »Ýù Ï3ï3- ñ»É: ÆÝùÁ Ù»1⁄2 ãÇ Éù»É é31⁄2Ù3×3Ï3ïáõÙ, Ù»Ýù ¿É Çñ»Ý ã»Ýù 13õ3×3Ý»É, Ï3ï3ñ»É »Ýù 3ÝË- ïÇñ μáÉáñ Ññ3Ù3ÝÝ»ñÁ: Î3ñáÕ ¿ Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý ãÉÇÝ»ñ. ÇÝã Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ áõ1⁄2áõÙ ¿ñ ÉÇ- Ý¿ñ, ÇÝÓ 13 ãÇ Ñ»ï3ùñùñáõÙ: ́3Ûó áñ Ù»Ýù Çñ»Ý »Ýù ë3ï3ñ»Éáõ, »ë ·ïÝáõÙ »Ù, áñ 1ñ3- ÝáõÙ Ï3ëÏ3Í3Ýù ãáõÝ»Ýù§:

ÆëÏ 3õ»ÉÇ í3Õ‘ Ñ3Ù3·áõÙ3ñáõÙ áõÝ»ó3Í »ÉáÛÃÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï, Ø3Ýáõ¿É ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3- ñ3ñ»É ¿ñ. - ¦¶3ñÝ3ÝÁ 3ÝóÏ3óáõ»Éáõ »Ý Ñ3Ù3å»ï3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Ø»Ýù Ù»ñ 3ÏïÇõ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ åÇïÇ áõÝ»Ý3Ýù 3é3çÇÏ3Û Ï3Û3Ý3ÉÇù μáÉáñ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ: êÇñ»ÉÇ 1⁄2Ç- Ý3ÏÇó ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ, »Ï¿ù áÕçáõÝ»Ýù 13ÑÉÇ×áõÙ Ý»ñÏ3Û Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ð3Ýñ3å»ïáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3- ·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇݧ:

ÆëÏ oÎØ 9-ñ1 Ñ3Ù3·áõÙ3ñÇ ÁÝ1áõÝ3Í Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝáõÙ Ï3ñ1áõÙ »Ýù. - ¦ÐÐ Ý»ñùÇÝ »õ 3ñï3ùÇÝ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý μÝ3·3õ3éáõÙ oñÏñ3å3Ñ Ï3Ù3õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõÃÇõÝÁ å3ßïå3ÝáõÙ ¿ ÐÐ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ, 1⁄2ÇÝáõ3Í áõÅ»ñÇ ·»ñ3·áÛÝ ·ÉË3õáñ Ññ3Ù3Ý3ï3ñ, Ù»ñ Ù3ñ- ï3Ï3Ý ÁÝÏ»ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ§:

Ú3õ»É»Ýù, áñ oÎØ í3ñãáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3·3ÑÇ å3ßïûÝáõÙ í»ñÁÝïñáõ»ó Ø3Ýáõ¿É ¶ñÇ·áñ- »3ÝÁ:

8

§Ä2è2ܶàôÂo2ܦ Ð2Ø2¶àôØ2ðàôØ 2Ü2ÎÜÎ2ÈÜoð

ÎÀ ÈÆÜoÜ

ÊáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ 3é3çÇÏ3Û ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ï3Ù ÏÁ 13éÝ3Ý Ù»ñ »õ Ù»ñ »ñÏñÇ Ñ»ñÃ3- Ï3Ý Ë3ñ3ÝÁ, Ï3Ù Ù»Ýù å3ñ1⁄23å¿ë Çñ3õáõÝù ãáõÝ»Ýù ÃáÛÉ ï3Éáõ, áñ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñáõ»Ý Ñ»ñ- Ã3Ï3Ý Ï»ÕÍáõ3Í ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ,- 3Ûë Ï3ñÍÇùÁ ¦21+§-Ç Éñ3·ñáÕÇÝ Û3ÛïÝ»ó ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõ- û3ݧ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ð3ýýÇ ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ:

Ü3 Ý3»õ ÁÝ1·Í»ó, áñ 3Ûë Ñ3ñóáõÙ ¦31⁄2·áíÇ åÇïÇ ÙÇ3ëÝ3Ï3Ý ÉÇÝ»Ýù§:

¦Ø»Ýù Ï3ñÍáõÙ »Ýù, áñ μáÉáñ 1¿åù»ñáõÙ μ31⁄2Ù3×3Ï3ï å3Ûù3ñ »Ýù ï3Ý»Éáõ »õ ÁÝï- ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ×3Ï3ïÝ»ñÇó ëáëÏ Ù¿ÏÝ ¿, ÙÝ3ó3ÍÁ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏÝ ¿§,- Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó ð3ýýÇ ÚáíÑ3Ý- ÝÇë»3ÝÁ:

Ø3ñïÇ 2-ÇÝ ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõÝÁ§ áõÝ»Ý3Éáõ ¿ Ñ»ñÃ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3·áõÙ3ñÁ, áñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ð3ýýÇ ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÝ 3Ý3ÏÝÏ3ÉÝ»ñ ¿ Ëáëï3ÝáõÙ: ¿ DZÝã 3Ý3ÏÝÏ3ÉÝ»ñ, ãÙ3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝ»ó, Ýß»ó ÙÇ3ÛÝ, áñ Ñ3Ù3·áõÙ3ñÇÝ ÏÁ Ññ3å3ñ3Ïáõ»Ý Çñ»Ýó ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3Ý áõÕ»ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ:

2Ý1ñ313éÝ3Éáí ¦21⁄23ï 1»ÙáÏñ3ïÝ»ñ§ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Ñ»ï ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõû3ݧ ÑÝ3ñ3- õáñ 13ßÇÝùÇ Ù3ëÇÝ Éáõñ»ñÇÝ‘ Ý3 ï»Õ»Ï3óñ»ó, áñ 3Û1 Ñ3ñóÇ ßáõñç 1»é»õë ËáñÑñ13Ïóáõ- ÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ÁÝÃ3ÝáõÙ:

ð3ýýÇ ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ Ñ3õ3ëïÇ3óÝáõÙ ¿, áñ Çñ»Ýù ¦Éñç3·áÛÝë Ùûï»ÝáõÙ »Ý ¦21⁄23ï 1»ÙáÏñ3ïÝ»ñ§ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Ã¿ ·3Õ3÷3ñ3Ëûëáõû3Ý, ÿ å»ï3Ï3Ý ÝáõÇñáõ3Íáõû3Ý, »õ ÿ Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ïóáõû3Ý 3Ù»Ý3ï3ñμ»ñ 3é3ç3ñÏÝ»ñÇݧ:

Ð2Î-Ç Ñ»ï ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõݧ-Á »õë Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ïóáõû3Ý »1⁄2ñ»ñ ¿ ï»ëÝáõÙ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ å3- ñáÝ ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ Ï3ñÍáõÙ ¿, áñ Ð2Î-Ý 3ñ1¿Ý Ù¿Ï ÙÇ3ëÝ3Ï3Ý 13ßÇÝù ¿ áõ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»- ñÇÝ ÏÁ Ù3ëÝ3ÏóÇ áñå¿ë 3é3ÝÓÇÝ áõÅ:

ð3ýýÇ ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ íëï3Ñ»óÝáõÙ ¿, áñ Çñ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ 3é 3Ûëûñ ãÇ ùÝÝ3ñÏ»É Ñ3Ù3Ù3ëÝ3Ï3Ý óáõó3ÏÁ:

¿å¿ï ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõݧ-Á 1¿Ù ¿ Ù»Í3Ù3ëÝ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñ3Ï3ñ·ÇÝ, 3ÛÝáõ3Ù»Ý3ÛÝÇõ, Áëï å3ñáÝ ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÇ, Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ 3Û1 ÁÝïñ3Ï3ñ·áí ûÏÝ3ÍáõÝ»ñ 3é3ç31ñ»Éáõ ¿:

ìÏ3Û3Ïáã»Éáí Çñ ÍÝÝ13í3ÛñáõÙ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝ 3ÝóÏ3óÝ»Éáõ 3õ3Ý1áÛÃÁ, ð3ýýÇ ÚáíÑ3Ý- ÝÇë»3ÝÁ Ï3ñÍáõÙ ¿, áñ ÙÇ·áõó¿ 50 ï3ñÇ 3Ýó Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ »õë ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñáõû3Ý Ù3- Ï3ñ13ÏÝ 3ÛÝù3Ý ÏÁ Ñ3ëáõÝ3Ý3Û, áñ ÇÝãå¿ë 2ØÜ-áõÙ, Ù»ñ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ »õë Ïÿ3ÝóÝ»Ý ¦ÏÇë3Ñ3Ù3Ù3ëÝ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñ3Ï3ñ·áí§:

ð3ýýÇ ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ Ý3»õ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó, áñ ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõݧ ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ å3ïñ3ëïõáõÙ ¿ 2Ä-áõÙ »õë Ù¿Ï 3Ý·3Ù, ÿÏáõ1⁄2 3ñï3Ñ»ñà Ï3ñ·áí ùÝÝ3ñÏ»Éáõ 100 ïáÏáë3- Ýáó Ñ3Ù3Ù3ëÝ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñ3Ï3ñ·ÇÝ 3ÝóÝ»Éáõ Ñ3ñóÁ:

§ØoÌ2Ø2êÜàôÂÆôÜÀ âÆ Ð2ô2îàôØ, àð ÎÀ ÈÆÜÆ 2ð ̧2ð

ÀÜîðàôÂÆôܦ

¦ÊáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ÉË3õáñ 3é3ÝÓÝ3Û3ïÏáõÃÇõÝÝ 3ÛÝ ¿, áñ å3Û- ù3ñÝ ÁÝÃ3Ý3Éáõ ¿ ÇßË3Ý3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç»õ: êáóÇáÉá·Ý»ñÝ 3ÝÑ3Ý·ëï3ÝáõÙ »Ý, áñ 3Û1 å3Ûù3ñÁ Í»ÍÏéïáõùÇ ãí»ñ3Íáõǧ,-3ë3ó ëáóÇáÉá· ¶¿áñ· äûÕáë»3ÝÝ ö»ïñáõ3ñ 22-ÇÝ Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ý1ÇåÙ3ÝÁ:

öáñÓ3·¿ïÁ Û3ÛïÝ»ó, áñ Áëï Ñ3ñóáõÙÝ»ñÇ‘ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý »Ý 3ÝóÝ»Éáõ ÐÐÎ-Ý, ́ÐÎ-Ý »õ Ð2Î-Á. ¦Üñ3Ýó Ó3ÛÝ ¿ ï3Éáõ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇ 75 ïáÏáëÁ: oõë 3 Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ úoÎ-Á, ÐÚ ̧-Ý »õ ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõÝÁ§ Ïÿ3ÝóÝ»Ý ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý, »Ã¿ Çñ»Ýó ÏáÕÙÁ Ï3ñáÕ3Ý3Ý ·ñ3õ»É ÁÝïñ3- 1⁄23Ý·áõ3ÍÇ ï3ï3ÝáõáÕ 15 ïáÏáëÇݧ: êáóÇáÉá·Á μ3ó3é»ó ¦21⁄23ï 1»ÙáÏñ3ïÝ»ñ¦ Ýáñ Ó»- õ3õáñáõ3Í Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3ÝóáõÙÁ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý:

Ü3 Ý3»õ ÝÏ3ï»ó. ¦Ð3ñóáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ 1⁄2·3óáõ»É ¿, áñ Ð2Î-Çó áñáß3ÏÇ ÑÇ3ëÃ3- ÷áõÃÇõÝ Ï3Û, áñáíÑ»ï»õ Ýñ3ÝÇó ß3ï μ3Ý ¿ÇÝ ëå3ëáõÙ: ê3Ï3ÛÝ Ð2Î-Á ó3ÝÏ3ó3Í Å3Ù3Ý3Ï Ï3ñáÕ ¿ ÏÇñ3é»É Çñ é»1⁄2»ñíÁ§:

äûÕáë»3ÝÇ Ëûëùáí ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í3Ù3ëÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ãÇ Ñ3õ3ïáõÙ, áñ ÏÁ ÉÇÝ»Ý 3ñ13ñ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ§:

9

M:? PAHQ

Boun Bar;k;ndani :rkou,abjiov (20 “;trouar 2012) ke j;uako-.;nq M;/ Pahqi /isakan ,r=ane! Na.` i3nc w pah;xo[oujiune2 apa` i3nc w M;/ Pahqe2 oroun masnauor kar;uoroujiun k#en/a\oui incpws Endhanra-kan :k;[;xiin2 no\npws Ha\x1 A5aq1 :k;[;xuo\ mw=!

Pah;xo[oujiune bolor kr7nn;roun mw= tara/oua/ hin sovoroujiun me ;[a/ w2 or ke miti m;[q;rw maqrouil2 hogin aznouaxn;l2 m7t;nal As-tou/o\ ;u ar6ananal ‘rkouj;an!

Pah;xo[oujiunn ou /omapahoujiune na;u Hin Ktakarani mw= ,at tara/oua/ ;u \aya. kirarkouo[ hog;uor krjoujiunn;r win!

M;r :k;[;xin ir hauatax;aln;roun ke j;ladrw2 pah;xo[ouj;an ,r=anin2 hra6aril anasnakan artadroujiunn;rw ;ko[ bolor t;saki snnd;[wnw` ms;[wn2 kajn;[wn2 kj;[wn ;u ]kn;[wn out;liqn;rw! Isk /omapa-houjiune ke n;rka\axnw ,at au;li .ist 6ou6kaloujiun me` kamauor hra-6ar;lov endhanrapws snnda5ouj;nw!

|isous inq al ir ;rkrauor k;anqin enjaxqin hog;uor krjouj;an a\s ];ue kirark;x! ?an7j w \atkapws2 or qarozcakan gor/ounwouj;an anxn;lw a5a= An anapat qa,ou;xau ;u qa5asoun 7r;rou .ist /oma-pahouj;an ,r=an me anxoux2 mia6amanak ‘or]ou;lov satana\wn! H;ta-qerqrqkan w2 or ‘or]icin a5a=in harxoume out;liqin ke v;rab;ri1 9:jw Astou/o\ Ordin ;s2 esw@ or a\s qar;re hax da5nan0 (Mt1 D2 3)! Dipouk w |isousin patas.ane2 or krkn;lov Hin Ktakaranin mw= B1 &rinax Grqi hog;uor mwk patouwre (B1 &r1 E2 3)2 ke k;dronana\ mardka\in go\ouj;an hamar ,at au;li kar;uor a5a=nah;rjouj;an vra\2 jw 9Groua/ w1 #Mia\n haxov cw or marde k#apri2 a\l amwn .7sqov` or k#;llw Astou/o\ b;rnwn#0 (Mt1 D2 3)!

Na.nakan ;k;[;xin ord;gr;x a\s sovoroujiune himnou;lov jw@ Hin Kta- karani auandouj;an ;u jw |isousi toua/ an]nakan 7rinakin vra\!

Minc;u D1 dar pah;xo[ouj;an ,r=ane endamwne ,abaj me ke t;uwr2 a5ncou;lov Auag ac;louj;an >or- hourdin h;t! D1 darwn ;tq2 \atkapws ar;u;lqi ;k;[;xin;roun mw=2 sksau end- hanraxoum gtn;l qa5asoun 7r;rou pah;xo[ouj;an ,r=ane2 qa5asoune nkat;lov ibr;u kr7nakan .orhrdauor jiu me2 S1 Zatkin ho-g;pws na.apatrastou;lou ditoumov!

Ha\astan2 or D1 darou skizbe` 301 jouakanin Qristonwoujiune p;-takan pa,t7nakan kr7n h5cak;x2 ,outov endoun;x qa5asoun 7r;rou pah;xo[ouj;an sovoroujiune2 /isakan h;t;u;al tramabanouj;amb1

• M;/ Pahqe ke sksi Boun Bar;k;ndani :rkou,abjiov ou ke t;uw minc;u ?a[kazardin na.ordo[ {azarou \arouj;an 6 ,abajn;rou ,r=an me` 6 x 7 = 42: A\s ha,ouarkin mw=2 incpws qic a5a= aknark;xi2 c;n mtn;r ?a[kazardin na.ordo[ {azarou \arouj;an 6 ,abjouan ;7jnakan 7r;rwn go\axo[ 42 jiuwn v;r-=in 40 7r!

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• Auag 6 7r;re2 oronq ?a[kazarin h;t;uo[ :rkou,abjiov ke sksin2 v;ro\i,;al qa5asounqin mas c;n kazm;r1 jwpwt anonq .ist pah;xo[ouj;an 7r;r ke nkatouin2 ba\x ke kapouin ou[[aki |isousi Carcaranqn;rou2 >ac;louj;an ;u Mahouan >orhourdn;roun!

D;5 krna3\ M;/ Pahqe ha\ irakanouj;an hamar2 ;k;[;xakan hin so- voroujiun me ellalw baxi2 oun;nal imast me2 masnauorapws ar;umoutqi ;rkirn;rou bazmazg ;u bazmam,akouja\in droua/qin2 na;u enk;ra\in hasara- kargi \ara’o’o. ar6wqn;rou ;u emb5noumn;rou \or]anoutin mw=! I3nc ke n,anakw a\s7r ha\ mardoun hamar pah;xo[akan hog;uor krjou-j;amb na.apatrastouil “rkci S1 |arouj;an t7nin1 april mta\in ;u hog;kan n;rha\;xo[ouj;an ardiunalix 6amanakahatoua/ me! Kar;li3 w ard;7q tarouan 7r;rou endhanour ta[toukin mw= gtn;l2 i v;r=o\2 pah me k;dronaxoumi` hog;pws2 inco3u cw na;u fiziqapws v;ranorogou;lou ha-mozoumov! Harxoume` jw i3nc imast ouni im an]nakan go\oujiune! Za\n incpw3s krnam im mard kocoumin hamapatas.an ar6wqov ardiunauor;l! O3v ;m ;s sa ti;z;rqi anhounouj;an2 a,.arh2 mard ;u Astoua/ \arab;-rouj;an mw=! >orqin mw=2 inco3v w or ke tarb;rim ouri, arara/n;rw!

9O3v w marde` or za\n ke \i,;s2 kam mardou ordin` oroun k#endounis0 (Sa[1 E2 4) ke .orhrda/w Sa[mos;rgoun! Ardar;u2 m;nq korsnxouxa/ ;nq hog;uor- baro\akan m;r n;rqin zgaxo[oujiune a\n masin2 or m;r a5an]-na\atouk dirqe g;razanxapws ke himnoui a\n \arab;rouj;an vra\2 or Astoua/ m;zi ke ,norhw ;u sto\g m;zmw iuraqanciurin h;t ke st;[/w!

M;r a57r;a\ k;anqin h;uqe2 m;r oura.ouj;an ;u trtmouj;an bolor pah;re l;xoua/ ;n astoua/a\in a\s ;zaki ,norhqov! Qriston;a\ marde ke hauata\2 or an m;[qi tirap;touj;nwn ;u mahouan kor/anarar ou-6wn endmi,t azata- groua/ w m;/ 'rkaginov me` Qristosi Carcaranax2 >ac;louj;an2 Mahouan ;u |arouj;an 'rkagor/ >orhourdov! An or anm;[ wr2 kamauorabar ;njarkou;xau m;[qin` .ortak;lou hamar anor z7rou-jiune! An or anmah wr` m;5au2 ir hra,a'a5 |arouj;amb apahov;lou ha-mar mard arara/i go\oujiune` dwm \andiman ir Ararcin!

Ardi enk;ra\in k;anqin sovoroujiunn;rn ou 7rwnqn;re2 ,ouka\akan .7l droua/qi hramxouxa/n;roun ;njaka\ spa5o[akan hasarakoujiune2 na;u niujin yo.oujiune2 entr;lou kar;liouj;anx mw= .a\tayamouk baz-mazanoujiune2 angam bar7r pa\mann;rou st;[/oume c;n krxa/ ambo[=a-pws apahov;l srti a\n go- hounakoujiune2 zor ardar;u m;nq m;r wouj;an mw= ke 'nt5;nq!

M;r banakanouj;amb2 gitouj;an ;u yartararou;sti hska\ nouayoum-n;rov j;r;us \a=o[a/ ;nq lou/;l niujakan a,.arhi h;t kap oun;xo[ bazmajiu d6ouaroujiunn;r2 .ndirn;r1 ba\x m;nq m;@r .ndire` mardou bar-do\je c;nq krxa/ lou/;l! Banakanouj;an lo\sov lousauora/ ;nq ,at ban2 ba\x anor ko[qin au;lxa/ w m;r anoro,oujiunn ou mjoujiune2 oc jw arta-qin a,.arhi h;t oun;xa/ m;r \arab;rouj;an mw=2 a\l` m;r s;rsidiin! Gouxw Bab;loni bar]rab;r] a,tarakn;r ka5oux;lou al pwtqe coun;nanq pa,tpanou;lou hamar bnakan a[wtn;rou dwm1 ;rkir molorakwn h;5ana-lou ;u ouri, molorakn;rou vra\ hasta-

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tou;lou hnarauoroujiunn;r gitou-j;an anour=n;rn ou arka/a.ndroujiunn;re el- lalw h;tzh;tw ke dadrin2 da5nalov ,7,a’;li irakanoujiun! Ba\x2 mi;uno\nn w2 o3v piti kangnw m;z a\n ahauor a[wtin a5=;u2 or m;r n;ra,.arhi snankouj;nwn kou ga\! O3v piti srbw m;r artasouqe2 ;rb i\nanq m;r hogii an\atak para-pouj;an mw=! M;r mw= 7r est 7rw k#ayi va.e2 jw piti ga\ 6amanak ;u m;nq piti mnanq an7ji` nsta/ yo. s;[ann;rou ,our=! Ahauore ogii@ sovn w ;u oc jw niuj;[wn snoundin pakase!

A\s7r au;li qan ;rb;q ke gtnouinq baro\akan hrama\akani me a5-=;u2 ;rb a,.arhi dramatirakan hasarakarge .or ygna6am k#apri2 no\nisk tnt;sapws apahov nkatoua/ g;rhz7r p;toujiunn;roun ;u ;r-kirn;roun mw=! Pwtq cw3 v;rat;souj;an ;njark;l m;r k;anqe2 mta/;la-oye2 k;nxa[avarouj;an zanazan ];u;rn ou sovoroujiunn;re! ^amanake cw3 zgastanalou2 gitakx;lov na;u m;r hog;kan mna\oun gohounakouj;an2 k;anqi imastauoroumi ;u go\ouj;an ar6;uorman pakasin! M;zi nor ar;u;loum w pwtq2 qa=oujiun` dimagrau;lou 6amanaki martahrauwrn;re` na;u ir stou;rot ko[m;rov1 enkyoua/oujiun2 gor/azrkoujiun2 enk;ra\in ;u hasarakakan k;anqi mw= m;kousaxoum2 mta\in g;r\ogna/oujiun2 en-tan;kan tarat;sak n;[oujiunn;r2 ;u masambq noxin!

Qriston;an2 \iraui@2 ke ditw ou k#emb5nw a\s bolore |arouj;an k;na-rar lo\sin tak! Amour hauatqi2 hamb;ratar \o\si ;u enda5a=o[ siro\ mw= an ke gitakxi2 or ir gl.oun v;r;u ;u ir srtin mw= Astoua/ w or ke jagauorw2 jw gor, ;u xourt amp;roun ;t;u go\oujiun ouni ar;gake` ir lousa,o[ ;u =;rm ya5aga\jn;rov2 isk ‘ojorikn;rwn v;r= \ousa6pit /ia-/ann w or ir ;r’n;rang kamare ke kapw ;rknakamarin vra\!

M;/ Pahqi ;u inqnam’o’oumi qa5asnordax a\s 6amanakahatoua/i en- jaxqin2 m;zi ke mna\ m;r masnauor ou,adrouj;an a5arkan dar]n;l ;r;q ban1

1. A\n inc or ke sirw kokorde` anpa\man 7gtakar cw marmnin! 2. Astoua/ a,.arhe st;[/a/ cw m;r ‘oqrik stamoqsn;roun hamar! 3.Out;st;[wni v;rab;r;al /isakan kanonn;roun pahpanoumov cw or

k#ardarananq ou ke stananq m;[q;rou jo[oujiun2 a\l` hauatqov \ousaxoua/ siro\ irakanaxoumov` m;r mardava\;l k;anqin mw=!

A\s a5jiu2 \an]narar;li piti ella\ masnakxil ;k;[;xin;roun mw= pa,-teuo[ 6amakargouj;anx hog;parar araro[oujiunn;roun2 \atkapws h;-t;uil S1 M;srop Ma,toxin v;ragroua/ apa,.arouj;an v;raxno[ ;u v;-haxno[ ,arakann;roun2 ar;uagali2 .a[a[akan ;u hskoumi ;zaki ar6wq n;rka\axno[ pa,tamounqn;roun2 oronq2 m;/au masambq2 anzougakan st;[/agor/oujiunn;rn ;n S1 N;rsws

^en;u2 19 “;trouar 2012 Dokt1 Abwl Qhn\1 Manouk;an

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(12 v;r=e` \a=ord jiuov)

STEPHAN ARIYAN, M.D., M.B.A.

Dr. Stephan Ariyan is Clinical Professor of Sur- gery, Plastic Surgery, and Otolaryngology at Yale Univer- sity School of Medicine, and Associate Chief of the De- partment of Surgery at the Yale-New Haven Hospital. He served as Professor and Chairman of Plastic Surgery at Yale from 1979 to 1991. At that time, he retired from that position to attend the Graduate School of Business at the University of New Haven and earned an MBA in 1993. He continues as the Director of the Yale Melanoma Unit at the Yale Cancer Center

Dr. Ariyan received his medical degree from New York Medical College. After a surgical internship at UCLA, he completed his training in general surgery as well as plastic surgery at Yale University School of Medicine, becoming certified by both the American Board of Sur- gery and the American Board of Plastic Surgery. He was then asked to join the faculty at Yale in 1976, was appointed Chairman of Plastic Surgery in less than 3 years, and

rose to the rank of tenured full Professor of Surgery in another 2 years. Dr. Ariyan is an internationally known surgeon specializing in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer, breast cancer, and malignant melanoma. He has been recognized for the origination and development of several myocutaneous flaps for reconstructions of the head and neck most notably the pectoralis major flap, which has become the most commonly used flap for head and neck reconstruction worldwide. He established the Yale Melanoma Unit in 1976, and continues to this day as the Director

of that multispecialty team. Following the devastating earthquake in Armenia in December 1988, he was in-

vited by the government of the then Soviet Union to help care for the many victims. Af- ter assessing the situation, he recommended the establishment of a western standard plastic surgical unit to care for the reconstruction of the vast number of patients. He was asked to select a team of surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses from Armenia, which he trained at Yale from 1990-1991, with the joint collaborative efforts of the AGBU, the USAID, the ECFMG, the RRC for Plastic Surgery, the Yale School of Medicine, and the Yale-New Haven Hospital. That team has been successfully working together at the new Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center in Yerevan since its opening in 1992. The success of this effort has been used by the USAID as the model for the implementation of health care education in the redevelopment of the former So- viet Eastern European countries.

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Collective Security Treaty Organization to Act Against ‘Chaos’ In Member States

MOSCOW -- The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) will intervene to restore “law and order” if one of its members, including Armenia, is beset by serious unrest, the secretary general of Russian-led alliance of seven ex-Soviet states confirmed on Tuesday.

“This is an agreement that was reached by the presidents at their informal summit in Astana [last August,]” Nikolay Bordyuzha told journalists in a live video link from Moscow.

“We discussed mechanisms that are needed for cases where the authorities, law-enforcement bodies of a particular country cannot control the situation, when there is chaos, mass disturbances, looting and it is not possible to control the situation at the national level,” he said.

Bordyuzha explained that such intervention would not necessarily take the form of joint mili- tary action. The CSTO would primarily rely on its “political and peacekeeping potential,” he said without elaborating.

Aleksandr Lukashenko, the controversial president of CSTO member Belarus, discussed the is- sue with Bordyuzha last year. Lukashenko, who tolerates little dissent at home, reportedly called for the alliance members to jointly suppress possible attempts by domestic opposition groups to stage a “constitutional coup.”

Bordyuzha insisted in that regard that the CSTO is not assuming “gendarmerie functions” to help the ruling regimes in the member states crack down on the opposition. He said it would only respond to “chaotic situations” in order to “protect citizens and restore law and order.”

Armenia has already committed troops to the Collective Operational Reaction Forces (CORF) and is due to host CORF exercises this autumn.

US Congressional Delegation Visiting Armenia

YEREVAN -- A 15-member Congressional Delegation from the U.S. House of Representatives headed by Chairman David Dreier met with President Serzh Sarkisian and Speaker of Parliament Samvel Nikoian on February 19. President Sarkisian hosted a dinner for the delegation, which in- cluded five members of the U.S. House of Representatives, and Ambassador John Heffern.

According to a press release by the US Embassy, Congressman Dreier, Chair of the House De- mocracy Partnership, highlighted the importance of the upcoming parliamentary elections to the bi- lateral relationship and urged the government and all the political parties to “do everything in their power to ensure free, fair, and credible elections.” The delegation expressed interest in developing closer ties between the National Assembly and the US Congress.

The Congressmen visited Armenia as representatives of the House Democracy Partnership (HDP), which is a bipartisan, 20-member commission established by the U.S. House of Representatives in 2005 to support the development of independent, democratic legislatures. The HDP seeks to build the capacity of its partner legislatures in key areas such as legislative oversight, budget analysis, committee operations, constituent relations, and library and research services, using peer-to-peer exchange programs, training seminars for members and staff, and targeted material assistance. This was the second visit of the HDP to Armenia.

The Delegation includes Rep. David Dreier (R-CA); Rep. James Moran (D-VA); Rep. Joe Wil- son (R-SC); Rep. Adrian Smith (R-NE); Rep. Kenny Marchant (R-TX); Reverend Patrick Conroy, Chaplain of the House of Representatives; and staff.

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Controversial Yerevan Park Construction Suspended Amid Protests by Environment Protection Groups

YEREVAN -- Authorities in Yerevan suspended the controversial construction of shops in a public park in central Yerevan on Wednesday after almost two weeks of daily demonstrations staged by environment protection and other civic groups.

Officials said no further construction work will be carried out there until the end of this week.

“Suspension is a legal category, don’t use that word,” Karen Movsisian, a senior officer from Yerevan’s police department, told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am). “[Construction] has simply been stopped. They are simply given time to do things in a legal manner.”

Movsisian did not elaborate. In a statement issued on Tuesday, the police offered to hold a roundtable discussion with relevant civic groups on “the legal grounds for the police actions” against mostly young activists who have been trying to halt the shop construction.

In what they consider an attempt to save more green areas in the Armenian capital from de- struction, the protesters have repeatedly blocked the construction, forcing builders to work over- night and request police protection. Police presence in the Mashtots Park was especially strong on Tuesday.

Only a handful of police officers guarded the construction site on Wednesday as it continued to be picketed by several dozen activists. Organizers of the protests were distrustful of the construc- tion suspension announced by the police.

“Our actions threatened to gain a huge resonance. That is why [the authorities] realized that it’s wrong to press us or let this movement gain momentum,” Mariam Sukhudian, a prominent envi- ronmental activist, told RFE/RL’s Armenian service.

“We will keep coming to the park every day just as we have in the last 12 days,” she said.

Turkish Presidential Report Calls for New Trial in Dink Murder Plot

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ANKARA -- Negligence by Turkish state officials led to the 2007 killing of prominent Turk- ish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, and a flawed murder investigation undermined public trust in the security services, a report commissioned by the president of Turkey has concluded.

The Turkish Presidency’s State Supervisory Council on Monday recommended that top police and gendarmerie officials be prosecuted due to their alleged negligence.

Security officials failed to protect Dink despite warnings of a plot to kill him and the subse- quent legal process exposed widespread structural problems and the need for reforms, the report said.

Last month, an Istanbul court sentenced a man to life in prison for Dink's murder but acquitted 17 other defendants, sparking large protests and criticism from rights groups.

\The investigation into the murder of Dink, former editor of the bilingual Turkish-Armenian weekly Agos and Turkey's best known Armenian voice abroad, was viewed as a test of democracy and human rights in European Union candidate Turkey.

President Abdullah Gul ordered Turkey's State Supervisory Council (DDK) to investigate the case following accusations from Dink's family, lawyers and rights groups that state officials had been complicit in the murder.

In a 650-page report, the conclusion of which was posted on the president's website late on Monday, the DDK said security forces failed to act on tip-offs about a plan to murder Dink and called for the negligent officials to be investigated and tried.

It said the way the case had been handled had undermined public confidence in the judicial system.

"On the one hand, a result to a case that does not satisfy the public conscience has emerged and, on the other hand, the credibility of all the public institutions has been brought into question," the DDK said in the report.

In 2010, the European Court of Human Rights ordered Turkish authorities to pay 100,000 euros ($132,600) to Dink's family in compensation, saying authorities had failed to protect Dink even though they knew ultra-nationalists were plotting to kill him.

Seven security officials have already been convicted for failing to relay information on the plot that could have prevented the murder.

In a statement ahead of last month's verdict, Amnesty International said authorities had still not investigated the full circumstances behind Dink's murder.

EU Launches Free Trade Negotiations with Armenia

BRUSSELS -- The European Union on Monday decided to launch negotiations on a deep and comprehensive free trade area with Armenia in order to boost economic growth and investment with the Eastern European Partner.

The negotiations will cover matters that have become crucial to a modern, transparent and pre- dictable trade and investment environment. They will not only tackle market access conditions but also focus on regulatory approximation, which will help achieve a closer economic integration of Armenia with the EU.

"The opening of free trade negotiations mark a turning point in our trade relations with Arme- nia. We are entering a new phase that will bring our economic ties to a new level of depth and am- bition," said EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht. "The EU is Armenia's first trading partner and a deep and comprehensive free trade area will give Armenia a more favorable access to the Eu- ropean single market thereby helping to boost economic growth in the country," he added.

Commissioner for Enlargement & European Neighbourhood Policy Štefan Füle said: "This is a further sign of the strengthening of our political and economic ties. Launching DCFTA negotiations is one more step towards closer economic integration which is one of the cornerstones of our rela- tions with countries of Eastern Partnership."

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The free trade area will be part of the broader Association Agreement which has been negoti- ated with Armenia since July 2010, in the framework of the Eastern Partnership and the European Neighborhood Policy.

The European Commission said that a free trade area was expected to diversify and strengthen Armenia's export capacity and effectively open the way to access the EU market of 500 million con- sumers.

Armenia needs to continue its work toward reaching a stable, transparent and predictable eco- nomic environment. This is essential to attract foreign direct investment inflows, leading to job cre- ation and long-term growth. The most important gains for Armenia lie therefore behind the border, in regulatory reforms, and as such will impact on its long-term development perspective, the Com- mission said.

Independence and Recognition: Int’l Conference in Stepanakert Discusses Prospects of Kara-

bakh’s Statehood

By Naira Hayrumyan ArmeniaNow.com

Last weekend Stepanakert saw a two-day international conference entitled “The 20th Anniver- sary of NKR’s Independence: Realities and Prospects”, which was attended by lawmakers and po- litical scientists from Karabakh and Armenia, representatives of the expert communities from Rus- sia, Germany, the United Kingdom, Poland, Greece, the Netherlands. The official delegation at the conference from Armenia was led by Deputy Speaker of the Armenian Parliament Eduard Sharma- zanov.

The main message of the conference was the statement delivered by the chief editor of the Rus- sian news agency REGNUM, well-known Russian political consultant Modest Kolerov: “I do not agree that the more an independent state exists [de facto], the more objective arguments it has for independence [de jure]. It makes no sense to demand that the world recognize the independence of Karabakh until Armenia does so.”

In response, Sharmazanov said that Armenia’s goal is to achieve an international recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh. “If a unilateral recognition by Armenia will help in this matter, we will make this step. But everything has its time.”

According to the chairman of the NKR parliamentary commission on foreign policy affairs Vahram Atanesyan, the modern world does not suggest an order by which Nagorno-Karabakh can peacefully exist within Azerbaijan. “The incompatible cannot be combined. The West and the East are incompatible, and now this boundary passes along the border between Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan,” said the Karabakhi lawmaker.

The conference took place against the background of a political controversy surrounding a re- cent interview by NKR President Bako Sahakyan to one of the Greek-language Armenian newspa- pers. Responding to a question about the limits of concessions from the Armenian side, Sahakyan said that the matter did not concern unilateral concessions, but rather a compromise and that every- thing would be done without any damage to the interests of the Armenian side.

This caused a flurry of discussions on online social networking sites and in the mainstream media. Armenian political analyst Sergey Shakaryants said that the president of Karabakh should not talk about possible concessions at all. Chairman of the European Integration of Artsakh NGO Hayk Khanumyan published an article in which he called Sahakyan a “driving force behind capitula- tion”.

Chairman of the NKR Public Council for Foreign Policy and Security Masis Mailyan also be- lieves that neither Armenia nor Nagorno-Karabakh should be discussing the issue of territories. “The Armenian sides should not be tricked by official Baku that often refers to the recognition of the Azerbaijani Republic ostensibly within ‘internationally recognized borders’. “Despite the fact that the Azerbaijani Republic was internationally recognized 20 years ago, it was only recently that the Azerbaijani-Russian border was determined. The process of delimitation and demarcation of the Azeri-Georgian border and the Azerbaijani-Iranian maritime border is still continuing, and the sta- tus of the Caspian Sea itself has not been defined. And the process of defining the borders between Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan and Armenia have not started at all in view of the lack of diplomatic relations between the two countries.”

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Government Bill On Emergency Rule Withdrawn From Parliament

YEREVAN -- The Armenian government on Wednesday unexpectedly withdrew from parliament a controver- sial bill which opposition politicians say would make it easier for the authorities to use the army for quelling street protests.

Prime Minister Tigran Sarkisian asked parliament speaker Samvel Nikoyan to remove the draft law regulating introduction of state of emergency from the National Assembly agenda just two weeks after it was passed in the first reading.

Sarkisian’s spokesman, Aram Ananian, told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am) that the bill will un- dergo changes before being again sent to the parliament. He declined to comment on those changes.

The bill stipulates that the president of the republic can call a state of emergency in case of an “immediate dan- ger to constitutional order,” including attempts to forcibly seize power, terrorism and “mass disturbances.” It allows the head of state to turn to the armed forces for help if police and other security forces are unable to enforce emer- gency rule. In that case, military personnel would be allowed to use riot equipment and live ammunition in accor- dance with an Armenian law on the police.

Opposition groups and the Zharangutyun (Heritage) party in particular have expressed serious concern over the proposed legislation. They claim that the authorities are keen to create more legal grounds for the use of lethal force against the opposition ahead of next May’s parliamentary elections. They say the armed forces should on the contrary be banned from any intervention in political processes.

The government and its loyal majority in the parliament have dismissed the opposition claims.

Armen Martirosian, a Zharangutyun deputy, suggested two reasons for the government’s decision to withdraw the bill. “First of all, the issue of the army’s involvement has had a lot of resonance and even a deputy from the ruling [HHK] party, Rafik Petrosian, was against it because it clearly contradicts our constitution,” he told RFE/RL’s Arme- nian service (Azatutyun.am).

Martirosian also pointed out that the bill was passed because several HHK deputies voted in place of their ab- sent colleagues in breach of the National Assembly statutes. The government is now keen to stop its political oppo- nents questioning the legality of the bill’s adoption, he said.

Armenian army units were ordered into central Yerevan on two occasions in the past, most recently in the af- termath of the February 2008 presidential election that saw deadly clashes between security forces and opposition protesters [read: state-sponsored slaughter and military coup]. Ten people were killed and more than 200 others in- jured on March 1-2, 2008.

Franz Werfel Stamp Issued by Raoul Wallenberg Foundation

JERUSALEM -- The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation is dedicated to develop educa- tional programs and public awareness campaigns on the Saviors of the Holocaust. It is named after Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg missing since January 1945 after saving the lives of tens of thousands of Jews and other persecuted during World War II..

The Foundation has issued new commemorative stamp dedicated to the memory and literary legacy of Franz Werfel.

Franz Werfel (1890-1945), Austrian poet, modernist playwright, and novelist, was born in Pra- gue, the son of a Jewish merchant. During World War I, Werfel served for several years on the Rus-

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sian front as a soldier in the Austrian army. A friend of authors Max Brod and Franz Kafka, Werfel later moved to Vienna and Berlin. He was forced to leave the Prussian Academy of the Arts in 1933. His 1933 novel, Die vierzig Tage des Musa Dagh (The Forty Days of Musa Dagh), detailed the mass murder and expulsion of Armenians from eastern Anatolia in 1915 and received much attention in the United States. It stood as a warning against future acts of mass murder and won lasting respect from Armenian communities throughout the world.

Werfel’s books were burned by the Nazis as those of a Jewish author who advocated pacifism, love for all mankind, and hostility to extreme nationalism and Nazism. Werfel had to flee Austria after the German annexation. He then escaped from France by hiding in the Catholic sanctuary of Lourdes, crossing the Pyrenees on foot to safety in Spain, and leaving from there for the United States. With gratitude for his sanctuary at Lourdes in mind, he wrote the best-selling novel, The Song of Bernadette. Though he remained a Jew all of his life, Werfel was attracted to many aspects of Catholicism.

How Will the Canadian Museum for Human Rights Represent Genocide?

Statement by the International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Issues (A Divi- sion of the Zoryan Institute) on the Canadian Museum for Human Rights

TORONTO -- The International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (A Division of the Zoryan Institute) (“IIGHRS-Zoryan”) was invited to a public gathering in Winnipeg by the Canadian Museum for Human Rights (“CMHR”) in April 2003, after an initial meeting with Gail Asper in Toronto. As a Canadian institution, we lent our name publicly in support of the CMHR at an early stage.

Our early enthusiasm diminished over time, owing to the politics surrounding the museum. Owing to such politics, we still have no idea how the Armenian Genocide and other cases will be represented in the CMHR. The IIGHRS-Zoryan made a detailed presentation to CMHR officials in December 2009, as part of its public consultation, on how to represent genocide in general, and the Armenian Genocide in particular. When we found that the public consultations were not being taken into consideration by museum officials, and there was an outcry from various communities about what they felt was unfair treatment, we subsequently issued two public statements on this issue in February and August 2011, and wrote directly to Stuart Murray, the museum’s President and Chief Executive Officer. None of the points have been dealt with by the CMHR, nor has our letter been responded to.

The essence of the arguments is as follows.

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The lack of responsiveness of the CMHR and the absence of information about how cases of the gross violation of human rights will be represented raise questions as to which cases will be included, how much space will be allot- ted to each case, what their content will be, if they will have a permanent or only temporary exhibit, and how these decisions are made. Moreover, there is a close relationship between the gross violation of human rights and genocide that is being neglected in the museum’s planning. Unless we study such cases comparatively, the lessons that can be learned are of limited value, particularly with a view to the prevention of such cases.

In trying to fend off criticism from various community groups over its handling of these issues, the CMHR posted a statement on its website, originally appearing as a letter in the Globe & Mail on March 23, 2011, that the museum is not about genocide and never was. The August 2011 IIGHRS-Zoryan editorial rebutted this with explicit statements to the contrary from the museum’s own publicity. The editorial also argued the benefits of studying the known cases of genocide on a comparative basis. Finally, the editorial pointed out that as a federal institution, the CMHR was legally required to adhere to the official Canadian policy of multiculturalism, which is to integrate all cit- izens into Canadian society and treat them fairly and equally.

We recently learned from Armenian community representatives that the museum will include the five geno- cides officially recognized by Canada’s Parliament, including the Armenian Genocide, but we still do not know how they will be represented or how the CMHR will deal with the fundamental questions raised in our two public state- ments. It seems that the CHMR is playing community politics by contacting different groups at different times, while ignoring the challenging questions raised by an institute whose mission is the study of these very issues. We raise the- se issues today to make the Armenian community aware of what has transpired over the past eight years. The IIGHRS-Zoryan calls upon the Armenian community of Canada to speak with one voice and to demand answers to these questions, for which we have been awaiting an answer for a long time.

Armenia Has a Unique Chance

By Naira Hayrumyan

The crisis of the global governance threatens to escalate into a serious conflict, and the leaders of the great powers are trying to find a solution.

The informal summit of the foreign ministers of G 20 is underway in the Mexican town of Los Cabos. The main issue is global governance.

Nothing is known about the results of the discussion but it is evident that the world is trying to review a number of key issues. One of these issues is 1% population which owns 30-50% of world goods. The global politics is based on the needs of this 1%, they have concentrated in their hands almost all the financial resource, keeping the remaining 99% in captivity. It has been possible to sustain the world population at a tolerable social level for several decades, but now that the world population is growing, and the shortage of food and fuel is becoming an issue, the population de- mands social justice.

This issue is especially urgent in the U.S. while the election campaign is underway. Represen- tative Ron Paul who is running in the primaries made a sensational statement: “We've slipped away from a true Republic. Now we're slipping into a fascist system where it's a combination of govern-

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ment and big business and authoritarian rule and the suppression of the individual rights of each and every American citizen.”

Such statements by possible U.S. presidential candidates evidence that the era of “democratic majority” is coming to end. The world has so far been artificially divided into two large parties which shared their stances, and decisions were taken proceeding from the opinion of the majority even if it was 51%.

This system is exhausted and now the world needs to take into account the opinion of the 99% of the population. The concept of public interest is becoming dominant, and people more often wonder whose interests the government defends, 1% or the major part of the population.

These issues are highly relevant in Armenia where now civic engagement is awakening, where the government is asked questions about whether it should protect the interests of the business or the public.

Armenia is the witness of the crisis of the current economic management in transitional coun- tries but it is moving by inertia towards the collapse of the system. We keep borrowing money from international organizations, becoming the hostage of capital trying, to build the democratic system of majority which is no longer trusted in the West.

It is noteworthy that Russia is walking against the stream. Putin stated that strategic control will continue until it enables the world capital fill Russia. Pro-Putin experts note as his positive feature that he does not want to be part of the global power of capital, imperialism. But what does he propose in return? What a new system of values does he propose? Is it only restoration of Soviet socialism and military state?

Armenia may work out its own approach to reforms of global governance, insisting on the re- duction of financial dependence on the West and weakening of Russian bondage regarding security issues. And most importantly, Armenia may form a government, proceeding from the interests of 100% and not 1% of the population. This may seem utopia but all the other ways lead to a catastro- phe, like in the case of Greece, which is deciding now to be or not to be part of global financial management.

Lragir.am

Armenia Fund Starts Construction of Vocational School in Shushi

YEREVAN -- The Hayastan All-Armenian Fund’s French affiliate has launched the construc- tion of a vocational school in Nagorno Karabakh’s city of Shushi.

According to a press release by the fund, the future institution will be named after French- Armenian benefactor Yeznik Mozian, whose bequest has provided the necessary funds for the pro- ject.

With a total area of 4,050 square meters, the future school will accommodate up to 225 stu- dents. It will offer a three-year certificate program in various specialties as well as a broad spec- trum of general academic subjects.

The two-story campus will feature all required amenities including fully appointed classrooms, workshops, labs, and a library. The facility will also be equipped with central heating and air-

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conditioning, and comprise storage space for educational materials. Currently construction crews are laying the building’s foundations.

"On the model and standards of similar French professional institutions our architects and con- sultants have designed this school to practice the most effective educational methods. School pro- fessors and instructors will be selected and trained accordingly", said the Mozian family representa- tive Robert Aydabirian, who is the overall project coordinator.

Graduates of the Yeznik Mozian School -who will be certified variously as locksmiths, metal- workers, welder, casing worker, mason, painters, roofers, stuccoer, tilers, carpenters, plumbers, electricians, and other specialists - are expected to enter the local job market, helping fill the short- age of trade professionals.

“The school will welcome students from all over Karabakh as well as Armenia, being equipped with dormitory facilities and aimed at becoming the most advanced school of this kind in the re- gion”, points out the chairman of the Hayastan Fund French affiliate Bedros Terzian.

“Today Artsakh is in dire need of highly skilled professionals in the construction sector,” said Kajik Khachatryan, head of the Shushi District Administration. “The Yeznik Mozian School will mean a wonderful opportunity for young people who wish to specialize in a particular trade and be- come accomplished specialists.”

“The establishment of the Yeznik Mozian School is an unprecedented initiative in the history of our organization,” said Ara Vardanyan, executive director of the Hayastan All-Armenian Fund. “We are confident that, thanks to the contribution of our French-Armenian benefactor, the socio- economic development of Shushi will be further boosted by an educational institution poised to produce generations of highly qualified professionals.”

The Yeznik Mozian School is being constructed in Shushi’s eastern neighborhood, which con- tinues to be developed as the city’s educational quarter. It is already home to several music and lib- eral-arts schools as well as the Agriculture Department of Artsakh State University.

By Harut Sassounian Publisher, The California Courier

Egemen Bagish: Turkey’s Minister of Genocide Denial

Even though all Turkish government officials routinely deny the Armenian Genocide, one par-

ticular minister has turned denial into a full-time job. Ironically, as Minister for European Union Af-

fairs, Egemen Bagish has harmed Turkey’s prospects for EU membership more than any of its critics!

Although Bagish has been making zany statements ever since his ministerial appointment two years

ago, his recent blunder in Zurich made headlines around the world. The Turkish Minister arrogantly

dared Swiss authorities to arrest him after boasting that "the events of 1915 were not genocide!" Swit-

zerland has a law that penalizes genocide denial, similar to the law now pending in France. A Swiss

prosecutor is investigating Bagish’s words and his diplomatic status to see if charges could be filed

against him for genocide denial.

Of course, it does not take much courage to hide behind the cover of diplomatic immunity and make

Don Quixotic statements, challenging the laws of other countries. If Minister Bagish were truly a ma-

cho man, he would waive his immunity, go to Switzerland, and publicly deny the Armenian Genocide.

However, it appears that the feisty Minister has chickened out! After boasting that he would gladly re-

turn to Switzerland to deny the Armenian Genocide again, he facetiously declared that he would not go

to Switzerland, since he has no money in Swiss banks! The real reason for the Minister’s abrupt

change of heart is his fear of getting arrested should the Swiss prosecutor rule that his diplomatic im-

munity does not protect him from the crime of genocide denial.

How much longer can Prime Minister Erdogan tolerate Mr. Bagish’s clownish antics that make Tur-

key look like a rogue state in the eyes of the world? Admiring his fluency in English, the Prime Minis-

ter had offered this 41-year-old former New York college student a top ministerial post, not realizing

what a liability his loose tongue would prove to be!

Just as Pres. George W. Bush’s nonsensical statements became known as "Bushisms," the world now

has a rich collection of "Bagishisms!" Here is a sampling of his preposterous remarks:

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-- "What happened in 1915 can’t be classified as genocide as far as I’m concerned, but I was not

around in 1915!"

-- "I’m a politician. My job is to determine the future, not the past!"

-- "In recent years, every one has seen that more Europeans are moving to Turkey than vice versa."

-- During a recent conference in Qatar, Minister Bagish became the laughing stock of the audience,

when he proudly announced that "Europe" is a Turkish word! The Greek Ambassador to Qatar angrily

responded: "Europa was one of the lovers of Zeus in Greek mythology, everyone knows that!"

-- Minister Bagish does not seem to realize that he is contradicting himself by asking other countries

to open their archives to see if there was an Armenian genocide, while concluding that there was no

genocide! The least he could do is have the decency to keep his mouth shut until the Ottoman archives

are fully open. Meanwhile, the archives of other countries have been open for decades.

-- Rattling off the witty Americanisms he picked up in the streets of New York, such as "a day late and

a dollar short," Bagish told Euronews: "This is execution without trial. Calling the 1915 events a geno-

cide based solely on information we have right now comes from a lobby that nurtures malicious ha-

tred."

-- "Germany was a strong ally of the Armenians in 1915, so the Germans should open their archives

and give documents to historians for examination," Bagish told EU Enlargement Commissioner Stefan

Fule, according to Hurriyet newspaper. Bagis made two factual errors in one sentence: Germany was

the ally of the Ottoman Empire, not Armenians; and the German archives have been open for years!

-- "There’s no force that could bring about the arrest of any Turkish Minister," Bagish bragged to

journalists. Why is he then afraid to waive his diplomatic immunity and then deny the Armenian

Genocide in Switzerland?

-- Bagish keeps on repeating the falsehood that the Armenian government "did not have the courage to

respond to Prime Minister Erdogan’s letter requesting the formation of a commission of historians to

study the Armenian Genocide." In fact, the then Pres. Kocharian did answer, suggesting that all out-

standing issues between the two countries be resolved in the larger context of government to govern-

ment relations. It was the Turkish Prime Minister that did not respond to Armenia’s President.

While Minister Bagish has diplomatic immunity, the rest of Turkey’s population does not enjoy such

a privilege. It may be a good idea to accord immunity to all 72 million Turks in order to shield them

from prosecution, when they utter the words "Armenian Genocide" in Turkey!

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