LOUSSAPATZ 942 2012 07 07

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ÂÆô 942 Þ2 ́2Â, 7 ÚàôÈÆê 2012

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ê.  ̧. ÐÜâ2Îo2Ü Îàôê2ÎòàôÂo2Ü 125-2Øo2ÎÆ îúÜ2Î2î2ðàôÂÆôÜÀ

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ä3⁄4ÚðàôÂÆ Ø3⁄4æ Ð21⁄42ð2ôàðÜoð ÜoðÎ2Ú ¶îÜàôoò2Ü ÐÜâ2Îo2Ü Îàôê2ÎòàôÂo2Ü 125-2Øo2ÎÆ

Ð2Ü ̧ÆêàôÂo2Ü

Ð3Û ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ý3Ë3íÏ3Û êáóÇ3É  ̧»ÙáÏñ3ï ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõ- ë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ 125 ï3ñ»Ï3Ý ¿: êáíáñ3μ3ñ »ñÏ3ñ Ãáõ3óáÕ 3Ûë Å3Ù3Ý3Ï3ßñç3ÝÁ ËáñùÇÝ Ù¿ç áãÇÝã ¿ Ñ3Û ÅáÕáíáõñ1Ç 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 31⁄23ï3·ñ3Ï3Ý å3Ûù3ñÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï3·ñáõû3Ý Ù¿ç:  ́3Ûó 3Û1 Ï3ñ× ÙÇçáóÇÝ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ Í3õ3É3Í ¿ ÷3ÛÉáõÝ ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃÇõÝ, Í3- é3Û»Éáí Ñ3Û ÅáÕáíáõñ1Ç ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3Ý Ýå3ï3ÏÝ»ñáõÝ:

âáñ»ùß3μÃÇ, ÚáõÝÇë 20-Ç »ñ»ÏáÛ»3Ý ¦üáñáõÙ îÁ ä¿Ûñáõç-Ç ëñ3ÑÇÝ Ù¿ç Ñ3Ý1Çë3õáñ3- å¿ë Ýßáõ»ó3õ Ø3Ûñ Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÑÇÙÝ31ñáõû3Ý 125-3Ù»3ÏÁ: Ð3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ Ñáí3- Ý3õáñ¿ñ êáóÇ3É  ̧»ÙáÏñ3ï ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Î»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý ì3ñãáõÃÇõÝÁ: ÎÁ Ý3Ë3- ·3Ñ¿ñ ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ Ð3Ûáó  ́3ñ»ç3Ý 3é3çÝáñ1 ¶»ñ3ßÝáñÑ ¶»Õ3Ù 2ñù. Ê3ã»ñ»3Ý:  ́31⁄2Ù3Ñ3- 1⁄23ñ Ñ3Ûáñ1ÇÝ»ñ 3åñ»ó3Ý μ3ó3éÇÏ í3Û»ÉùÇ »õ Ñå3ñïáõû3Ý å3Ñ»ñ: Ð3Ý1Çëáõû3Ý Ý»ñ- Ï3Û ¿ÇÝ Ñ3Û Ï3ÃáÕÇÏ¿ å3ïñÇ3ñùáõû3Ý û·Ý3Ï3Ý »åÇëÏáåáë 3ñÑÇ3å3ïÇõ Ñ3Ûñ ÚáíÑ3Ý- Ý¿ë ¿Ûñáõ1⁄2»3Ý, Ø2Ð2oØ-Ç Î»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý Ø3ñÙÝÇ 3ï»Ý3å»ï »õ Ð3ÛÏ31⁄2»3Ý Ñ3Ù3Éë3ñ3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ, í»ñ3å3ïáõ»ÉÇ 1áÏï. öûÉ Ð3Ûïáëû3Ý, ê ̧ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Î»1ñáÝ3- Ï3Ý ì3ñãáõû3Ý ÷áË3ï»Ý3å»ï, ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ ÊáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ »ñ»ë÷áË3Ý ÁÝÏ. ê»åáõÑ ¶3É- ÷3ù»3Ý, λ1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý ì3ñãáõû3Ý 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ îáùÃ. oÕÇÏ Ö¿ñ¿×»3Ý, Ú3Ïáμ îÇ·- ñ3Ý»3Ý, ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ Ùûï Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 1»ëå3Ýáõû3Ý ÑÇõå3ïáë Î3ñ¿Ý Ø3ÿõáë»3Ý, ÊáñÑñ- 13ñ3ÝÇ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ña Ä3Ý úÕ3ë3å»3Ý, Ù»Ãñ ê»ñÅ Âáõñë3ñ·Çë»3Ý, 2ñÃÇõñ Ü31⁄23ñ»3Ý, Þ3Ýà âÇÝãÇÝ»3Ý, ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ Î»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý  ̧ñ3Ù3ï3Ý ÷áËÏ3é3í3ñÇã Ú3ñáõÃÇõÝ ê3Ùáõ¿É- »3Ý, Ý3ËÏÇÝ Ý3Ë3ñ3ñ 2μñ3Ñ3Ù î¿ï¿»3Ý, ê ̧Ð Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ Þñç3ÝÇ ì3ñÇã Ø3ñÙÝÇ 3ï»Ý3å»ï ÁÝÏ»ñ 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ»ñ»3Ý »õ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ, Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÎÇåñáëÇ Þñç3ÝÇ 3ï»Ý3å»ï ÁÝÏ 2õ»ïÇë öûßáÕÉ»3Ý, Ñ3Û ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ýó, Ù3ñÙÝ3- Ù3ñ1⁄23Ï3Ý, μ3ñ»ëÇñ3Ï3Ý, Ùß3ÏáõÃ3ÛÇÝ ÙÇáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ »õ Ù3ÙáõÉÇ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñ, Ùï3- õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñ, ïÝûñ¿ÝÝ»ñ, Ñá·»õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñ, 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 1¿Ùù»ñ, ä¿ÛñáõÃÇ »õ êÇÝ 3⁄4É üÇÉ-Ç ù3- Õ3ù3å»ïáõû3Ýó 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñ‘ 2ñ3Ù Ø3É»3Ý, 2õû oñ»Ù»3Ý:

Ð3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÁ ëÏë3õ ÐØØ-Ç ÷áÕ»ñ3ËáõÙμÇÝ‘ ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ »õ Ø3Ûñ Îáõë3Ï- óáõû3Ý ù3ÛÉ»ñ·Ý»ñáõ Ï3ï3ñáÕáõû3Ùμ, áñÙ¿ »ïù ï3Õ3Ý13õáñ 3ëÙáõÝùáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÑÇ 2ÝÇ o÷ñ»Ù»3Ý μ3Ý3ëï»ÕÍáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáí Ñ3Ù31ñáõ3Í Çñ μ3óÙ3Ý ËûëùÇÝ Ù¿ç μ3ñÇ ·3Éáõëï

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Ù3Õûó Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñáõÝ »õ Ññ3õÇñ»ó Ù¿Ï í3ÛñÏ»3Ý ÛáïÝÏ3Ûë Û3ñ·»Éáõ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõ- û3Ý 1ñûßÇÝ Í3é3Û3Í Ý3Ñ3ï3ÏÝ»ñáõÝ ÛÇß3ï3ÏÁ: 2Ý Áë3õ. ¦Ð3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 31⁄23ï3·ñ3Ï3Ý å3Ûù3ñÇ å3ïÙáõÃÇõÝÁ áëÏ¿ ï3é»ñáí 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ3Í ¿ 1887 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÁ‘ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ï- óáõû3Ý ÍÝáõÝ1Á: Ø3Ûñ Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ Çñ ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃÇõÝÁ ï3ñ3Í»ó 3Ù¿Ýáõñ»ù, »Õ3õ Ñ»- é3ï»ë, ËÇ1⁄23Ë »õ ÙÝ3ó Û3ÝÓÝ3éáõ Çñ áõËïÇÝ: 2Ýáñ ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃÇõÝÁ Ñ3ï3Í Ñ3Ý·ñáõ3Ý- Ý»ñÝ å3ïáõ3μ»ñ áõ å3ÝÍ3ÉÇ Û3ÕÃ3Ý3ÏÝ»ñáõ ß3ñ3ÝÁ Ñå3ñïáõû3Ý 1⁄2·3óáõÙáí ÏÁ É»óÝ»Ý Ù¿Ý ÙÇ Ñ3Ûáñ1ÇÇ ÏáõñÍùÁ: ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ 3Ûëûñ Çñ 3ÙμáÕç ÏáñáíÝ áõ ÑÝ3ñ3õá- ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ç ·áñÍ ÏÁ 1Ý¿ Ñ3Û3å3Ñå3ÝÙ3Ý, Ð3Ûáó 1¿Ù Ï3ï3ñáõ3Í ò»Õ3ëå3Ýáõû3Ý ×3- Ý3ãÙ3Ý, ÑáÕ3ÛÇÝ »õ ÙÝ3ó»3É Ñ3ïáõóáõÙÝ»ñáõ å3Ñ3ÝçÇÝ »õ 3ÝÏ3Ë å»ï3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý 3Ù- ñ3åÝ1Ù3Ý Ç ËÝ1Çñ¦:

úñáõ3Ý 3é3çÇÝ μ3Ý3ËûëÝ ¿ñ ê ̧Ð Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÎÇåñáëÇ Þñç3ÝÇ 3ï»Ý3å»ï, Ùï3- õáñ3Ï3Ý, ËÙμ3·Çñ »õ ÏñÃ3Ï3Ý Ùß3Ï ÁÝÏ»ñ 2õ»ïÇë öûßáÕÉ»3Ý: Ú3ñ·»ÉÇ μ3Ý3ËûëÁ Û3Ûï- Ý»ó, ÿ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 125 ï3ñ»Ï3Ý ÁÉÉ3Éáõ ÷3ëïÁ 1⁄23ÛÝ ÏÁ å3ñï3õáñ»óÝ¿ Ý»ñÏ3Û3Ý3É å3ïÙáõû3Ý »õ ÅáÕáíáõñ1ÇÝ 13ï3ëï3ÝÇÝ 3éç»õ: 2Ý Ýß»ó, ÿ 125 ï3ñÇÝ»ñáõ íñ3Û ï3ñ3ÍáõáÕ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ·áÛáõû3Ý å3ï×3éÁ Ë3ñëËáõ3Í ¿ »ñÏáõ ÑÇÙ- Ý3Ï3Ý 3ñÅ¿ùÝ»ñáõ íñ3Û‘ å3Ûù3ñ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 31⁄23ï3·ñáõû3Ý »õ ÁÝÏ»ñ3ÛÇÝ 3ñ13ñáõû3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ: ¦21⁄23ï3·ñ3Ï3Ý å3Ûù3ñÁ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÙÇçáó3õ ëï3ó3õ Í3õ3É. öáùñ Ð3ÛùÇ 1⁄2ÇÝ»3É ËÙμ3ÏÝ»ñ¿Ý ÙÇÝã»õ ê3ëÝáÛ 3åëï3ÙμáõÃÇõÝ, ä3åÁ 2ÉÇÇ óáÛó¿Ý ÙÇÝã»õ 1⁄4¿ÛÃáõÝÇ 3åëï3ÙμáõÃÇõÝ áõ ì3ÝÇ ÇÝùÝ3å3ßïå3ÝáõÃÇõÝ Ï31⁄2Ù»óÇÝ 13÷ÝÇÝ»ñÁ Ù»ñ å3Û- ù3ñÇ áëÏ¿ ßÕÃ3ÛÇÝ: ¶3Éáí ·3Õ3÷3ñ3Ëûëáõû3Ý, ÁÝÏ»ñí3ñ3Ï3Ý 13õ3Ý3ÝùÁ »Õ3õ 13ë3- Ï3ñ·3ÛÇÝ å3Ûù3ñÇ Ù»ñ 1⁄2¿ÝùÁ: ÀÝÏ»ñí3ñáõû3Ý μ3ó3Ï3Ûáõû3Ý‘ Ù3ñ1Á Ù3ñ1áõ ÝÏ3ïÙ3Ùμ 3é3õ»É »õë ÏÁ 13éÝ3Û ·31⁄23ݧ Áë3õ 3Ý:  ́3Ý3Ëûë ÁÝÏ»ñÁ 1Çï»É ïáõ3õ, áñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõ- ë3Ïóáõû3Ý Ý»ñÏ3Ý ï3ñμ»ñ ¿ Çñ »ñ¿Ï¿Ý, ÁÝ1·Í»Éáí Ñ3Ý1»ñÓ, ÿ å3ÛÙ3ÝÝ»ñÁ ÷áËáõ3Í »Ý 3Ûëûñ, 3Ý ß»ßï»ó, ÿ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ÇÝùÝ3Ýå3ï3Ï ã¿, 3ÛÉ‘ ÙÇçáó 31⁄2·ÇÝ áõ Ñ3Ûñ»ÝÇùÇÝ Í3é3Ûáõû3ݧ:

 ́3Ý3Ëûë ÁÝÏ»ñÁ Çñ ËûëùÁ ÷3Ï»ó Ù3ÕûÉáí, áñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ Çñ ï3ñ»- 13ñÓÝ»ñÁ Ýß¿ 31⁄23ï3·ñáõ3Í ì3ÝÇ Ù¿ç, 3ÝÙ3ÑÝ ö3ñ3Ù31⁄2Ç 3ñÓ3ÝÇÝ 3éç»õ‘ 2ñ3ñ3ïÇ ÷¿- ß»ñáõÝ:

ÞÝáñÑ3ÉÇ 3ëÙáõÝùáÕ ÁÝÏ. 2ÝÇ o÷ñ»Ù»3Ý 13ñÓ»3É Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñÁ ÑÙ3Û»ó Ñ3Û μ3Ý3ëï»Õ- Íáõû3Ý ÝÙáÛßÝ»ñáí: Üáñ ê»ñáõÝ1 Øß3ÏáõÃ3ÛÇÝ ØÇáõû3Ý ¦2ñ»·§ å3ñ3ËáõÙμÇ å3ñÙ3Ý- å3ñÙ3ÝáõÝÇÝ»ñÁ »ñ»ù ïå3õáñÇã å3ñ»ñáí 3é3õ»É á·»õáñ»óÇÝ Ý»ñÏ3Ý»ñÁ:

úñáõ3Ý »ñÏñáñ1 μ3Ý3ËûëÁ, ê ̧Ð Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ Þñç3ÝÇ ì3ñÇã Ø3ñÙÝÇ 3ï»Ý3å»ï ÁÝÏ»ñ 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ»ñ»3Ý, Ý3Ë‘ Çñ »ñ3Ëï3·ÇïáõÃÇõÝÁ Û3ÛïÝ»ó Ïáõë3Ïóáõ- û3Ý Î»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý ì3ñãáõû3Ý »õ ¶»ñ3ßÝáñÑ êñμ31⁄23Ý Ñûñ‘ ëáÛÝ Ñ3Ý1Çëáõû3Ý Ñáí3Ý3õá- ñáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ Ý3Ë3·3ÑáõÃÇõÝÁ ëï3ÝÓÝ»ÉáõÝ Ñ3Ù3ñ: ÀÝÏ»ñ ø¿ûßÏ»ñ»3Ý Ýß»ó, ÿ Ù»ñ ÅáÕá- íáõñ1Ç 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 31⁄23ï3·ñ3Ï3Ý å3Ûù3ñÇ å3ïÙáõû3Ý Ù¿ç ãÏ3Û Ñ3Ý·ñáõ3Ý, áñáõÝ Ù¿ç 1»- ñ3Ï3ï3ñáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»ó3Í ãÁÉÉ3ñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ: 2Ý Í3Ýñ3ó3õ å3ïÙ3Ï3Ý áñáß Ñ3Ý·ñáõ3ÝÝ»ñáõ Ý3Ëûñ¿ÇÝ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñáõû3Ý Ñ»é3ï»ë ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý, å3ïÙ3Ï3Ý Ï3ñ»õáñ Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 1»ñ3Ï3ï3ñáõû3Ý, ÇÝãå¿ë‘ ê3ñ13ñ3å3ïÇ å3ï»ñ31⁄2ÙÁ, Ý»ñ·3ÕÃÁ: ÀÝÏ»ñ 2É»ùë3Ý ø¿ûßÏ»ñ»3Ý Û3ïÏ3å¿ë Ï»1ñáÝ3ó3õ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÉÇμ3Ý3Ý»3Ý »õ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý íñ3Û: 2Ý ß»ßï»ó, ÿ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ 3é3çÇÝ ÇëÏ ûñ¿Ý 1Çñùáñáßáõ3Í ¿ Ç Ýå3ëï Ï3ñÇù3õáñÇÝ, »Õ3Í ¿ ÁÝÏ»ñ3ÛÇÝ 3ñ13ñáõû3Ý å3ßïå3Ýáõû3Ý 3é3çÇÝ ·ÇÍ»ñáõ íñ3Û, å3Ûù3ñ3Í ¿ ÈÇ- μ3Ý3ÝÇ 3ÝÏ3Ëáõû3Ý, ·»ñÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý »õ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñáõû3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ: 2Ý 3Ûëûñ 3É Ïþ3é3çÝáñ1áõÇ ÙÇ»õÝáÛÝ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõÙÝ»ñáí, ÏþáÕçáõÝ¿ Ñ3ñó»ñÁ »ñÏËûëáõû3Ý ×3Ùμáí ÉáõÍ»Éáõ ù3ÛÉ»ñÁ: 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Çñ3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý Ù¿ç‘ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ Ñ3õ3ï3Û ÙÇ3ëÝ3Ï3- Ýáõû3Ý »õ ÈÇμ3Ý3Ý3Ñ3Ûáõû3Ý 3Ýíï3Ý·áõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ 13ë¿ 3Ù¿Ý μ3Ý¿ í»ñ: Ü»ñÉÇμ3Ý3Ý»3Ý ·»ïÝÇ íñ3Û, ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý áñ»õ¿ 1⁄23ñ·3óáõÙÇ å3ñ3·3ÛÇÝ, Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ ÙÝ3Û Ï3éã3Í ÉÇμ3Ý3Ý3Ñ3Ûáõû3Ý 1ñ3Ï3Ý ã¿1⁄2áùáõÃÇõÝ å3Ñ»Éáõ Çñ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõÙÝ»ñáõÝ íñ3Û:

Ð3Ûñ»ÝÇ ëÇñáõ3Í »ñ·Çã êÙμ3ï Ê3É3û3Ý »õ Çñ Ýáõ3·3ËáõÙμÁ Ù3ïáõó»óÇÝ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Ñ3Ûñ»Ý3ëÇñ3Ï3Ý »ñ·»ñáõ ÷áõÝç ÙÁ: Ø»Í3å¿ë ·Ý3Ñ3ïáõ»ó3õ Ñ3Ûñ»ÝÇ »ñ·Çã »õ »ñ3ÅÇßï êÙμ3ï Ê3É3û3ÝÇ ê ̧ÐÎ-Ç ÑÇÙÝ31ñáõû3Ý ÝáõÇñáõ3Í »ñ·ÇÝ áõÝÏÝ1ñáõÃÇõÝÁ: Ð3×»ÉÇ 3Ý3ÏÝÏ3É ÙÁÝ ¿ñ ÷áùñÇÏÝ»ñáõ Ù3ëÝ3Ïóáõû3Ùμ »ñ·Çã Ú3ñáõà Øáõñ3ï»3ÝÇ ¦Ð3Ûáó  ́3- Ý3ϧ-ÇÝ Ï3ï3ñáõÙÁ:

Ð3Ý1Çëáõû3Ý å3ßïûÝ3Ï3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ ÷3ÏÙ3Ý ËûëùÁ 3ñï3ë3Ý»ó ÈÇμ3Ý3ÝÇ  ́3ñ»ç3Ý 2é3çÝáñ1 ¶»Õ3Ù 2ñù. Ê3ã»ñ»3Ý: 2é3çÝáñ1 ëñμ31⁄23ÝÁ áÕçáõÝ»ó Ñ3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 31⁄23ï3·ñ3- Ï3Ý å3Ûù3ñÇ é3ÑíÇñ3Û ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ, ß»ßï»Éáí, áñ 3Ýáñ ÍÝáõÝ1Á Ýáñ ¿ç μ3- ó3õ Ù»ñ ÅáÕáíáõñ1Ç å3ïÙáõû3Ý Ù¿ç »õ Ñ»ï3·3ÛÇÝ Ø3Ûñ Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ß3ñÅáõÙÇÝ Ñ»- ï»õ»ó3Ý Ñ3Û ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ï3ñμ»ñ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ: 2ÝáÝù‘ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ÝÙ3Ý ÝáÛÝå¿ë Í3é3Û»óÇÝ áõ ÏÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»Ý Í3é3Û»É Ñ3Û ÅáÕáíáõñ1ÇÝ: ¶»Õ3Ù êñμ31⁄23Ý Ù3Õûó, áñ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ÙÝ3Û Çñ 3ñÙ3ïÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ3ñ31⁄23ï, 3ÛÝå¿ë ÇÝãå¿ë‘ å¿ïù ¿ ÁÉÉ3Ý ÙÝ3ó»3É Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: 2Ý ß»ßï»ó, ÿ ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý ëÏë3Í á·ÇÇÝ »õ ÙÝ3ó»3É ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ å3Ûù3ñÇÝ ßÝáñÑÇõ Ï»ñïáõ»ó3õ

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3ÝÏ3Ë Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ: 2Ý Ù3Õûó, áñ Ñ3Û ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý μáÉáñ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ÙÝ3Ý 31⁄2·3- ÛÇÝ á·ÇÇ 1⁄2ï3ñ3Ý:

Þù»Õ »õ ïå3õáñÇã Ñ3Ý1ÇëáõÃÇõÝÁ Çñ Ë3Ý13í3éáõû3Ý ·3·3ÃÝ3Ï¿ïÇÝ Ñ3ëóáõó Ñ3Û- ñ»ÝÇ ï3Õ3Ý13õáñ »ñ·Çã êÙμ3ï Ê3É3û3ÝÝ áõ Çñ Ýáõ3·3ËáõÙμÁ, áñáÝù Çñ»Ýó Ï3ï3ñá- Õ3Ï3Ý 3ñáõ»ëïáí Ñ3Ù3Ï»óÇÝ Ñ3Ý1Çë3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÁ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ, Û»Õ3÷áË3Ï3Ý »õ ·3Õ3÷3ñ3- Ï3Ý ßáõÝãáí:

ÆÜâä3⁄4ê 3⁄4 êîðàôÎÀ Ú2ÜÒÜàôØ Ú2ÔÂ2Ü2ÎÀ

2ÛÝ μ3ÝÇó Û»ïáÛ, »ñμ èáõμ¿Ý Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó Ù3Ý13ïÁ í3Ûñ 1Ý»Éáõ Ù3- ëÇÝa 1ñ3ÝÇó 3é3ç 3Ûó»É»Éáí Ý3Ë3·3ÑÇ Ýëï3í3Ûñ, ëÏë»ó 1ñë»õáñáõ»É Ø3ßïáóÇ åáõñ3ÏÇ ¦Å3Ù3Ý3ÏÇó§ Ç Û3Ûï »Ï3Í Í3Ýûà ëÇÝ1ñáÙÁ: 2õ»ÉÇ ßáõï, 3ÛÝ áã ÿ 1ñë»õáñáõ»ó, 3ÛÉ 3ÏïÇõ3ó3õ, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ÙÇÝã 3Û1 ¿É Ï3ñ, μ3Ûó ãáõÝ»ñ ¦ÑÇÙù§: èáõμ¿Ý Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3ÝÇ Û3Û- ï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ 1ñ3ÝÇó 3é3ç Ý3Ë3·3ÑÇ Ýëï3í3Ûñ 3Ûó»É»ÉÁ ïáõ»ó 3Û1 ÑÇÙùÁ, »õ ëÇÝ1- ñáÙÁ ·Ý3ó:

Ð3Ýñáõû3Ý ÙÇ Ù3ëÁ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõ3Í ¿a ÿ»õ »ñμ»ÙÝ 3Û1 Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõ3ÍáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýñμ3ÝÏ3ïûñ¿Ý »õ 1⁄2·áõßûñ¿Ý ÷áñÓ ¿ 3ñõáõÙ Ã3ùóÝ»É Ùï3Ñá·Çã Ñ3ñó31ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ï3Ï, áñ Ð3ñëÝ3ù3ñÇ 1¿åùÇó Û»ïáÛ ëÏëáõ3Í Ñ3ë3ñ3Ï3Ï3Ý μáÕáùÇ 3ÉÇùÁ 13éÝáõÙ ¿ Ï3Ù Í3é3ÛáõÙ áñå»ë ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ PR. ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ ËÃ3Ý»ó èáõμ¿Ý Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3ÝÇ 1¿Ù μáÕáùÇ 3ÉÇùÁ, ÇëÏ Û»ïáÛ ¿É 1ñ3 íñ3Û ÷áñÓ»ó ÏñÏÇÝ 3Ûëå¿ë 3ë3Í μ3ñÇ Ã3·3õáñ »ñ»õ3É:

êÇÝ1ñáÙÁ μ3õ3Ï3Ý ï3ñ3Íáõ3Í ¿, áõ ÿ»õ 1ñë»õáñõáõÙ ¿ μ3õ3Ï3Ý 3é3ç31¿Ù »õ 31⁄23- ï3ËáÑ Ù3ñ1Ï3Ýó Ï3ï3ñÙ3Ùμ, 3Û1áõÑ3Ý1»ñÓ 3ÛÝ Ï3ñÍ»ë ÿ 3é3õ»É μÝáñáß ¿ Ëáñù3ÛÇÝ 3éáõÙáí, Ñá·»μ3Ý3Ï3Ý ß»ñï»ñÇ Ù3Ï3ñ13ÏáõÙ ·»ñÇßËáÕ ëïñÏ3Ï3Ý Ùï3ÍáÕáõû3Ùμ Ñ3- ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ: 2Û1 Ñ3ÝñáÛÃÝ»ñÁ áñ»õ¿ Ï»ñå ã»Ý áõ1⁄2áõÙ Ñ3õ3ï3É, ÿ áõÝ3Ï »Ý ÇÝã áñ μ3Ý å3ñï31ñ»É ÇßË3Ýáõû3ÝÁ, Ë3ÕÇ ÇÝã áñ Ï3ÝáÝ, ÇÝã áñ áñáßáõÙa ÿÏáõ1⁄2 ÙÇç3ÝÏ»3É, ÿ- Ïáõ1⁄2 ÏÇë3ï.

¦àÝó Ï3ñáÕ ¿ å3ï3Ñ»É, áñ ï¿ñÁ Û3ÝÏ3ñÍ 1⁄2ÇçÇ ëïñáõÏÇ áñ»õ¿ å3Ñ3ÝçÇ: âÇ Ï3ñáÕ ÉÇ- Ý»É 3Û1åÇëÇ μ3Ý: î¿ñÁ ÇÝùÝ ¿ 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã ß3ï Ëáñ3Ù3ÝÏûñ¿Ý, Ñ»é3ï»ëûñ¿Ý åÉ3Ý3õáñáõÙ, Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÙ, áõÕÕáñ1áõÙ »õ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óÝáõÙ, PR-Ç ßñç3Ý3ÏáõÙ§:

лÝó 3Û1 Ùï3ÍáÕáõû3Ý íñ3Û »Ý Û3éÝáõÙ ï¿ñ»ñÁ, ÙÝáõÙ ï¿ñ»ñÁ, Û3ñ3ï»õáõÙ ï¿ñ»ñÁ, Çñ3ñ ÷áË3ñÇÝáõÙ ï¿ñ»ñÁ, ÇëÏ ù3Õ3ù3óÇÝ áã ÙÇ μ3ÝÇ ï¿ñ ãÇ 13éÝáõÙ, áñáíÑ»ï»õ Ñ»Ýó ÝÏ3ïõáõÙ ¿ ïÇñ3Ý3Éáõ ÷áùñ ÇëÏ ÝßáÛÉ, 3ÝÙÇç3å¿ë 3ñÃÝ3ÝáõÙ ¿ ëïñáõÏÝ áõ Çñ Ó»éùáí Û3ÝÓÝáõÙ Û3çáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï3Ù Û3ÕÃ3Ý3ÏÁ ïÇñáçÁa ïáõ»3É 1¿åùáõÙ ÇßË3Ýáõû3ÝÁ:

à»õ¿ Ù¿ÏÁ ãÇ Ùï3ÍáõÙ, áñ »Ã¿ 3Ý·3Ù 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÙ »õ 3ÝáõÙ ¿ ÇßË3Ýáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ, Ñ3ñÏ3õáñ ¿ 3Û1 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝãÁ ßáõé ï3É ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý 1¿Ù áõ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»É, áñ 13 áã ÿ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ ¿ 3ÝáõÙ, 3ÛÉ Ñ3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ ëïÇåáõÙ ¿ ÇßË3Ýáõû3ÝÁ, Ñ3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ Çñ 3ÏïÇíáõû3Ùμ å3ñï31ñáõÙ ¿ ÇßË3Ýáõû3ÝÁ:

à»õ¿ Ù¿ÏÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ »ñ»õÇ Ã¿ Ï3ëÏ3Í ãÏ3Û, áñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ 13 3ñ»ó 3é3õ»É3å¿ë áã ÿ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2ÙáõÝùÇó áõ 3ñÅ¿ùÝ»ñÇó, 3ÛÉ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ûñÇÝ3Ï ·ñ»Ã¿ ÝáÛÝ å3ÛÙ3ÝÝ»ñáõÙa ãáñë ï3ñÇ 3é3ç, Ý3 ÝáÛÝ μ3ÝÁ ã3ñ»ó Ù¿Ï 3ÛÉ ûÉÇ·3ñËÇa 2Éñ3Õ3óÇ ÈÛáíÇ Ñ3Ý1¿å: àñáíÑ»ï»õ 3ÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï ãÏ3ñ Ñ3Ýñ3ÛÇÝ 1Å·áÑáõû3Ý 3ÛÝ 3ÉÇùÁ, áñ »Õ3õ ÑÇÙ3:

ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ Ý»ñÏ3ÛáõÙ ëïÇåáõ3Í 3ñ»ó ·áÝ¿ ÇÝã áñ μ3Ý, ï»ëÝ»Éáí, áñ ã3Ý»ÉÁ íÝ3ë»Éáõ ¿ 3ÝÓ3Ùμ Çñ»Ý, 3ÝÓ3Ùμ Çñ ÇßË3Ýáõû3ÝÁ: oÿ Ñ3Ýñ3ÛÇÝ μáÕáùÇ ßÝáñÑÇõ ãÓ»õ3- õáñáõ»ñ 3Û1 Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ, ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ Ñ31⁄23ñ ï3ñÇ 3Ýó ¿É èáõμ¿Ý Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3ÝÇÝ Ññ3Å3ñ3Ï3Ý ã¿ñ å3ñï31ñÇ:

лï»õ3μ3ñ, Ï3Û ÙÇ »1⁄23ÏÇ 1¿åù, ÿÏáõ1⁄2 ÷áùñ ë3ÑÙ3Ýáí, ÿÏáõ1⁄2 áã ÑÇÙÝ3ù3ñ3ÛÇÝ, μ3Ûó ï»ë3Ý»ÉÇ, »ñμ ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý Ï3éáõóÙ3Ý Ï3Ù å3Ñå3ÝÙ3Ý ïñ3Ù3μ3Ýáõû3Ý ÑÇÙùáõÙ Ñ3ë3ñ3Ïáõû3Ý, áã ÿ ûÉÇ·3ñËÇ3ÛÇ å3Ñ3ÝçÝ áõ Ï3ñÍÇùÝ ¿:

àõ ÃõáõÙ ¿, áñ Ñ3ë3ñ3Ïáõû3Ý Û3çáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ 3ÏÝÛ3Ûï ¿: àõ 13 Ñ3ë3ñ3Ïáõû3Ý, áã ÿ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Û3çáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ ¿: ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÝ ÁÝ13Ù¿ÝÁ ëïÇåáõ3Í ¿ñ ·Ý3É 3Û1 ù3ÛÉÇÝ: лï»õ3μ3ñ Ñ3Ýñáõû3Ý Ñ»ï3·3Û ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ å¿ïù ¿ Ï3éáõó»É 3Û1 ïñ3Ù3μ3Ýáõ- û3Ý íñ3Û, ÇÝãÇó μËáõÙ ¿a Û3ïÏ3å¿ë ÙÇ ù3ÝÇ Ý3Ë31¿å»ñ áõÝ»Ý3Éáí, áñ å¿ïù ¿ ß3ñáõÝ3- Ï»É ×ÝßáõÙÁ ÇßËáÕ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç íñ3Û, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ËÝ1ÇñÁ 3ٻݻõÇÝ ¿É èáõμ¿Ý Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3ÝÇ Ù3Ý13ïÁ ã¿, 3ÛÉ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë »ñ»õáÛÃÁ áñå¿ë ÇßËáÕ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·:

Ð3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ ï»ëÝÇ, áñ »ñμ å3Ñ3Ýç ¿ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝáõÙa Ûëï3Ï, ÏáÝÏñ»ï, Ñ3- Ù3Ï3ñ·Á ëïÇåáõ3Í ¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ 3éÝáõ31⁄2Ý Ù¿Ï ù3ÛÉ Ý3Ñ3Ýç»É:

ØÇ»õÝáÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï å3ñ1⁄2 ¿, áñ ËÝ1ÇñÁ 3Û1 Ù¿Ï ù3ÛÉÁ ã¿, 3ÛÉ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç ·áÛáõÃÇõÝÝ ÁÝ1Ñ3Ýñ3å¿ë, áñÁ å¿ïù ¿ ã¿1⁄2áù3óáõÇ: 2é3õ»É »õë, áñ Ñ3ÝñáõÃÇõÝÁ ï»ë»É ¿ Ý3»õ Ñ3Ï3é3- ÏÁa »ñμ ×ÝßáõÙÁ ÃáõÉ3ÝáõÙ ¿, Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Á ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï μ»ñ»É Çñ Ù¿Ï ù3ÛÉÁ »õ ÙÇ μ3Ý ¿É 3õ»ÉÇ, ÇÝãå¿ë óáÛó ïáõ»ó ¶3·ÇÏ  ́»·É3ñ»3ÝÇ ûñÇÝ3ÏÁ:

4

лï»õ3μ3ñ, Ñ3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ áã ÿ ·áÑ3Ý3Û Ó»éù μ»ñ3Íáí, 3ÛÉ Ñ3Ï3é3ÏÁa ß3- ñáõÝ3Ï»É Ûëï3Ï ×ÝßáõÙÁ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç íñ3Û: ÆÑ3ñÏ¿, 3Û1 ·áñÍáõÙ 3ÝÑñ3Å»ßï ¿ 1⁄2»ñÍ ÙÝ3É 3õ»Éáñ1 ¿ÙáóÇ3Ý»ñÇó »õ ¿ÛýáñÇ3ÛÇó, ÙÝ3É ù3Õ3ù3óÇ3Ï3Ý 3é3ÝóùÇ ßáõñç, ã»ÝÃ3ñÏáõ»É Ïáõë3Ïó3Ï3Ý »õ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ñáë3ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ, 3ÛÉ 3Û1 Ñáë3ÝùÝ»ñÁ »ÝÃ3ñÏ»É ù3Õ3ù3óÇ3- Ï3Ý å3Ñ3ÝçÇÝ, ÇÝãå¿ë ûñÇÝ3Ï »Õ3õ Ñ»Ýó ÏáÝÏñ»ï 1¿åùáõÙ, »ñμ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý μáÉáñ áõÅ»ñÁ 1ñ3 Ù¿ç Ý»ñ·ñ3õáõ»óÇÝ ù3Õ3ù3óÇ3Ï3Ý ëÏ1⁄2μáõÝùáí:

Ð3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ ãÝ3Ñ3ÝçÇ »õ å¿ïù ¿ ß3ñáõÝ3ÏÇ ù3ÛÉ 3é ù3ÛÉ 3é3ç ÙÕ»É ÏáÝÏñ»ï å3Ñ3ÝçÝ»ñÁ, å3Ñ»É å3Ñ3Ýç3ïÇñáõû3Ý ÙÃÝáÉáñïÁ, ·»Ý»ñ3óÝ»É 3ÛÝ, ÁÝ1É3Û- Ý»É, Ëáñ3óÝ»É: ÂáÕ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç Û3çáñ1 Ý3Ñ3ÝçÁ ãÉÇÝÇ í3ÕÁa ÉÇÝÇ Ù¿Ï 3ÙÇë Û»ïáÛ, Ï3Ù Ù¿Ï ï3ñÇ Û»ïáÛ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ Ñ3ÝñáõÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ ï»ëÝÇa »õ ï»ëÝáõÙ ¿, áñ å3Ñ3ÝçÇ 1¿åùáõÙ 3Û1 ù3ÛÉÁ Û3å3ÕáõÙa μ3Ûó ãÇ áõß3ÝáõÙ:

àõ å¿ïù ã¿ Ñ3Ýñáõû3Ý ¦3ãù»ñÁ μ3ó»Éáõ§ 3Ýáõ3Ý ï3Ï ÷3Ï»É ï»ë313ßïÁ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ PR Û3ÕÃ3Ý3ÏÝ»ñÇ Ù3ëÇÝ ëïñÏ3μáõË ÇÙ3ëïÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáí: ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÝ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÇÝ ïÇñ3å»ïáõÙ ¿, »ñμ Ñ3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ ÇÝùÁ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÇ μ3Ý3ÉÇÝ Ï3ÙáíÇÝ Û3ÝÓÝáõÙ ¿ Ýñ3 Ó»éùÁ, 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã í»ñ3·ñ»Éáí ¦Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ3Í áõÕÕáñ1Ù3ÝÁ§: oñμ Ñ3ë3- ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ ÇÝù1⁄2ÇÝùÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÙ ¿ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÇ ï¿ñ, ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÝ ÁÝ13Ù¿ÝÁ ëïÇå- áõ3Í ¿ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Ï3Ù Ñ»é3Ý3É ûÉÇ·3ñËÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï»õÇó, Ï3Ù ·Ý3É μ3ó3é3å¿ë Ñ3ë3ñ3Ïáõû3Ý Ã»É31ñ3Í Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÇ Ñ»ïù»ñáí:

Ú2Îà ́  ́2 ̧2Èo2Ü ¦Èð2¶Æð§

àâ oôê 3⁄4 ÀÜÎoð 2ôoîÆê î3⁄4ØÆðÖo2Ü

êáóÇ3É  ̧»ÙáÏñ3ï ÐÝã3Ï»3Ý Îáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Î»1ñáÝ3Ï3Ý ì3ñãáõÃÇõÝÁ ÏÁ ·áõÅ¿ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ-Ñ3ë3ñ3Ï3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇã, »ñÏ3ñ3Ù»3Û Ïáõë3Ïó3Ï3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñ áõ λ1ñáÝÇ Ý3ËÏÇÝ 3ï»Ý3å»ï

ÀÜÎoð 2ôoîÆê î3⁄4ØÆðÖo2ÜÆ

Ù3ÑÁ, áñ å3ï3Ñ»ó3õ ä¿ÛñáõÃÇ Ù¿ç àõñμ3Ã, 29 ÚáõÝÇë 2012-ÇÝ, Û»ï »ñÏ3ñ3ï»õ ÑÇõ3Ý1áõû3Ý:

ÀÝÏ»ñ î¿ÙÇñ×»3ÝÇ ÛáõÕ3ñÏ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï3ï3ñáõ»ó3õ ä¿ÛñáõÃÇ Ð3Û 2õ»ï3ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý »Ï»Õ»óõáÛ Ù¿ç »õ 3å3 Ã3ÕáõÙÁ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3õ §üÁñÝ Þáõå3ùǦ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ·»ñ»1⁄2Ù3Ý3ï3Ý Ù¿ç:

ê ̧ÐÎ Îo ̧ðàÜ2Î2Ü ì2ðâàôÂÆôÜ

5

ÐoðØ2Ü ì2Ü èàØ ́àÚ oðoô2ÜÆ Ø3⁄4æ Îàâ Àð2ôa 1⁄4úð2òÜoÈàô ÄàÔàìð ̧2ì2ðàôÂÆôÜÀ oô Ú2ð¶oÈàô Ø2ð ̧àô Æð2ôàôÜøÜoðÀ

oõñáå3Ï3Ý ËáñÑáõñ1Ç Ý3Ë3·3Ñ Ð»ñÙ3Ý ì3Ý èáÙμáÛ oñ»õ3ÝÇ Ù¿ç Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ñ»ï Ï3Û3ó3Í Ù3ÙÉáÛ 3ëáõÉÇëÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï

oõñáå3Ï3Ý ËáñÑáõñ1Ç Ý3Ë3·3Ñ Ð»ñÙ3Ý ì3Ý èáÙμáÛ ÚáõÉÇë 4-ÇÝ, oñ»õ3ÝÇ Ù¿ç Ý3Ë3- ·3Ñ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ñ»ï Çñ áõÝ»ó3Í Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙ¿Ý »ïù Ï3Û3ó3Í ÙÇ3ï»Õ Ù3ÙÉáÛ 3ëáõÉÇëÇ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ, Ïáã Áñ3õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇÝa 1⁄2ûñ3óÝ»Éáõ Çñ ÅáÕáíñ13ÛÇÝ Ñ3ëï3ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ Û3ñ- ·»Éáõ Ù3ñ1áõ Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñÁ:

¦oë Ï’áÕçáõݻ٠Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Û3ÝÓÝ3éáõÃÇõÝÁ »õñáå3Ï3Ý 3ñÅ¿ùÝ»ñáõÝ, ã3÷3ÝÇßÝ»ñáõÝ áõ óáõó3ÝÇßÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý Û3é3çÁÝÃ3óÝ»ñ 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ: 2Û1 é31⁄2Ù3- í3ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝ ¿ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ: oë ÏÁ Ëñ3Ëáõë»Ù Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»Éáõ 3Û1 ×3Ý3å3ñÑÇÝ íñ3Û Çñ ÅáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý Ñ3ëï3ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ 1⁄2ûñ3óÝ»Éáõ »õ í»ñ3óÝ»- Éáõ Ï3ß3é3Ï»ñáõÃÇõÝÁ, Û3ñ·»Éáõ Ù3ñ1áõ Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, ËûëùÇ 31⁄23ïáõÃÇõÝÁ:  ̧áõù ×Çß1 ×3- Ý3å3ñÑÇ íñ3Û ¿ù, μ3Ûó 3å3·3ÛÇÝ ß3ï μ3Ý Ï3Û 1»é ÁÝ»Éáõ§,- Áë3õ èáÙμáÛ:

2ëáõÉÇëÇ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ ì3Ý èáÙμáÛ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó, áñ oõñáå3Ï3Ý ØÇáõÃÇõÝÁ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇÝ ïñ3Ù31ñáõáÕ û·ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ åÇïÇ 3õ»ÉóÝ¿ 25%-áí‘ Ñ3ëóÝ»Éáí ÙÇÝã»õ 15 ÙÇÉÇáÝ »áõñû:

¦Ø»Ýù ëÏë3Í »Ý ËáñáõÝÏ »õ Ñ3Ù3å3ñ÷3Ï 31⁄23ï 3é»õïáõñÇ ·ûïÇÇ Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ3·ñÇ ßáõñç μ3Ý3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: ö»ïñáõ3ñ¿Ý ëÏë3Ý ÙáõïùÇ 3ñïûÝ3·ñ»ñáõ Ñ»ßï3óÙ3Ý ·áñÍÁÝ- Ã3óÁ: 2Û1 á·Çáí »ë 3Ûëï»Õ ÏÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»Ù, áñ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇÝ Ù»ñ ûÅ3Ý13ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ 25%-áí åÇïÇ 3×Ç »õ 13éÝ3Û 15 ÙÇÉÇáÝ »áõñû »õ 3Û1 û·ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ åÇïÇ û·ï3·áñÍáõÇ ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3Ý μ3- ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñáõÝ 3ç3Ïó»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ‘ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñ3Ïóáõû3Ý ×3Ý3å3ñÑÇÝ ûÅ3Ý13- Ï»Éáõ Ýå3ï3Ïáí§,- Áë3õ èáÙμáÛ ÙÇ3ï»Õ Ù3ÙÉáÛ 3ëáõÉÇëÇ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ:

ì3Ý èáÙμáÛ Ý3»õ Û3ÛïÝ»ó, áñ Ï’áÕçáõÝ¿ ÐÐ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ μáÉáñ ç3Ýù»ñÁ‘ 3õ»ÉÇ Ùñó3Ïó3ÛÇÝ »õ Ã3÷3ÝóÇÏ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óÝ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

¦Ø»Ýù, ÇÝãå¿ë Áëáõ3Í ¿ñ o2ÐÎ/ÄÐØƶ í»ñçÝ3Ï3Ý 1⁄2»ÏáÛóÇÝ Ù¿ç, Ï3ÛÇÝ áñáß Ã»ñáõÃÇõÝ- Ý»ñ, μ3Ûó Ù»Ýù ÛáÛëáí »Ýù, áñ 3ÝáÝù åÇïÇ ÉáõÍáõÇÝ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ¿Ý 3é3ç§,- Áë3õ 3Ý:

oõñáå3Ï3Ý ËáñÑáõñ1Ç Ý3Ë3·3Ñ Ð»ñÙ3Ý ì3Ý èáÙμáÛÁ Ý3»õ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó, áñ Ð3Û3ë- ï3ÝÁ oõñáå3Ï3Ý ØÇáõÃÇõÝ ë»ñï ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ ¿ »õ Çñ»Ýù áõñ3Ë »Ý, áñ ÏñÝ3Ý í»ñ3Ñ3ë- ï3ï»É Çñ»Ýó Û3ÝÓÝ3éáõÃÇõÝÁ‘ Ç μ3ñûñáõÃÇõÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3å3·3ÛÇ:

oõñáå3óÇ å3ßïûÝ»3Ý 3Ý1ñ313ñÓ3õ Ý3»õ È»éÝ3ÛÇÝ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕÇ Ñ3ñóÇÝ Û3ÛïÝ»Éáí, áñ ï3·Ý3åÇ ÉáõÍÙ3Ý Û3é3çÁÝÃ3óÁ ÏÁ ÙÝ3Û ·ÉË3õáñ 3é3çÝ3Ñ»ñÃáõÃÇõÝ »õ 3ÝÑ3Ý·ë- ïáõÃÇõÝ Û3ÛïÝ»ó Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ »õ 2ïñå¿Û×3ÝÇ ë3ÑÙ3ÝÇÝ, Ý3»õ ß÷Ù3Ý ·ÇÍÇ íñ3Û í»ñçÇÝ ßñç3ÝÇÝ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Í 1⁄2ÇÝáõ3Í ÙÇç31¿å»ñáõ Ï3å3Ïóáõû3Ùμa ó3õ Û3ÛïÝ»Éáí Ù3ñ1Ï3ÛÇÝ ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñÝ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

6

Èñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ý1ÇåÙ3Ý ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõû3Ùμ Ñ3Ý1¿ë »Ï3õ Ý3»õ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁa Ýß»Éáí, áñ oõñ3ÙÇáõû3Ý »õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ÷áËÛ3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ÝÏ3ï»- ÉÇ ¿ Û3é3çÁÝÃ3ó:

ê3ñ·ë»3Ý Çñ »ÉáÛÃÇÝ Ù¿ç 3Ý1ñ313ñÓ3õ Ý3»õ Ø3ÛÇëÇÝ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Í ËáñÑñ13ñ3- Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ, Ëáëï3Ý3Éáí Ýáñ Û3é3çÁÝÃ3ó 3ñÓ3Ý3·ñ»É 2013-Ç ö»ïñáõ3- ñÇÝ Ï3Û3Ý3ÉÇù Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ:

¦2Ý1ñ313ñÓ Ï3ï3ñ»óÇÝù Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ Ï3Û3ó3Í ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»- ñÇÝ, áñáÝó 3ñ1ÇõÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É oõñ3ÙÇáõû3Ý Ù»ñ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ »õ Ù»ñ ·Ý3Ñ3ï3- Ï3ÝÝ»ñÁ Ñ3ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý. ëñ3Ýù É3õ3·áÛÝ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ Ýáñ3ÝÏ3Ë Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ å3ï- Ùáõû3Ý Ù¿ç, μ3Ûó 1»é»õë ß3ï 3Ý»ÉÇùÝ»ñ Ï3Ý ÁÝïñ3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÇ Ñ»ï3·3Û μ3ñ»É3õ- Ù3Ý áõÕÕáõû3Ùμ: oë í»ñ3Ñ3ëï3ï»óÇ Ù»ñ å3ïñ3ëï3Ï3ÙáõÃÇõÝÁ Ýáñ 3é3çÁÝÃ3ó ·ñ3Ý- ó»Éáõ 2013 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåÙ3Ý »õ 3ÝóÏ3óÙ3Ý Ñ3ñ- óáõÙ§, - Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3Ý:

33-2Øo2Ú ì2Ð3⁄4 2ôoîo2ÜÆ Ø2ÐàôÀÜ3⁄4 oîø Ú2è2æ2ò2Ì ÀÜ ̧ì1⁄4àôØÀ êîÆäoò èàô ́3⁄4Ü Ð2Úð2äoîo2ÜÆÜ Ðð2Ä2ðoÈàô 21⁄4¶2ÚÆÜ ÄàÔàì3⁄4Ü

Ð3Ûáó μ3Ý3ÏÇ ëå3Û »õ μÅÇßÏ ì3Ñ¿ 2õ»ï»3Ý ÚáõÝÇë 17-ÇÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ å3ï·3Ù3õáñ »õ üáõÃåáÉÇ ü»ï»ñ3ëÇáÝÇ

Ý3Ë3·3Ñ èáõμ¿Ý Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3ÝÇ ÁÝï3ÝÇùÇÝ å3ïÏ3ÝáÕ ¦Ð3ñëÝ3ù3ñ§ ×3ß3ñ3Ý¿Ý Ý»ñë, ÃÇÏÝ3å3ÑÝ»ñáõ ÏáÕÙ¿ 13Å3Ý Í»ÍÇ »ÝÃ3ñÏáõ3Í »ñ»ù 1⁄2ÇÝáõáñ3Ï3Ý μÅÇßÏÝ»ñ¿Ý 33-3Ù»3Û ì3Ñ¿ 2õ»ï»3Ý, 12 ûñ ·Çï3Ïóáõû3Ý ã·3Éáí Ù3Ñ3ó3õ ÚáõÝÇë 29-ÇÝ, ·ÉËáõÕ»ÕÇ Éáõñç íÝ3ëáõ3ÍùÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï»õ3Ýùáí:

2õ»ï»3ÝÇ 13Å3Ý Í»ÍÁ »õ Ù3ÑÁ Ð3Û Ñ3ë3ñ3Ïáõû3Ý Ùûï Û3é3ç3óáõó μáõéÝ 1⁄23ÛñáÛà áõ Ù3ñ1ÇÏ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï3Ï3Ý μáÕáùÇ ï3ñμ»ñ ÙÇçáó3éáõÙÝ»ñáí Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3Ý¿Ý ÏÁ å3- Ñ3Ýç¿ÇÝ Ññ3Å3ñÇÉ ÊáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ å3ï·3Ù3õáñÇ Çñ Ù3Ý13ï¿Ý »õ üáõÃåáÉÇ ü»ï»ñ3ëÇáÝÇ Ý3Ë3·3ÑÇ å3ßïûÝ¿Ý:

ÚáõÉÇë 3-Ç »ñ»ÏáÛ3Ý èáõμ¿Ý Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3Ý 3Ûó»É»ó Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý Ýëï3í3Ûñ, áõñ Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙ áõÝ»ó3õ ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ Ñ»ï: Ð3Ý1ÇåáõÙÇ 3õ3ñïÇÝ Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3Ý Éñ3·ñáÕ- Ý»ñáõÝ Û3ÛïÝ»ó, áñ 3õ»ÉÇ áõß Ñ3Ý1¿ë åÇïÇ ·3Û Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõû3Ùμ:

¦2Ù¿Ý ÇÝã Ïï3ÛÇ, áñ 3Û1 ã3ñ3μ3ëïÇÏ »ñ»ÏáÛ»3Ý ÉÇÝ¿Ç 3ÛÝï»Õ, μéÝ¿Ç »ñÇï3ë3ñ1Ý»ñÇ íñ3Û μ3ñÓñ3óáÕ μéáõÝóùÝ»ñÁ, Ï3Ý·Ý»óÝ¿Ç 3Ûë 1Åμ3ËïáõÃÇõÝÁ, áñ Ï»3Ýù ËÉ»ó, ÁÝï3- ÝÇùÝ»ñ ÏáñÍ3Ý»ó, »ñ»Ë3Ý»ñ áñμ3óñ»ó: 2Ù¿Ý ÇÝã ÏÁ ï3ÛÇ 3Ûë 3Ù¿ÝÁ Ñ»ï åïï»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ:  ́3Ûó ã»Ù Ï3ñáÕ: ì3Ñ¿Ý 3ñ1¿Ý ãÏ3Û: àõ »ë 1ñ3Ýáí å¿ïù ¿ 3åñ»Ù: àõ å¿ïù ¿ Ý3Û»Ù Ýñ3 ÁÝ- ï3ÝÇùÇ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñÇ 3ãù»ñÇÝ: â·Çï»Ù áÝó: 2ëáõÙ »Ý 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã ûñ¿Ýùáí åÇïÇ ÉÇÝÇ. íëï3Ñ »Ù ûñ¿Ýùáí ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ, 100 Ù»Õ3õáñ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ 100 å3ïÇÅ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ:  ́3Ûó Ñ3ñóÁ ÙÇ3ÛÝ ûñ¿ÝùÁ ãÇ: Ð3ñóÁ ß3ï 3õ»ÉÇ μ3ñ1 ¿: àõ »ë 13 ß3ï É3õ »Ù Ñ3ëÏ3ÝáõÙ: ÐÇÙ3 ß3ï»ñÝ »Ý Ù»Õ31ñáõÙ ÇÝÓ, ÝáÛÝÇëÏ μ3Ý»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ, áñ ÇÝÓ Ñ»ï Ï3å ãáõÝ»Ý Ï3Ù ÛûñÇÝáõ3Í »Ý. »ñ»õÇ Çñ3õáõÝù áõ- Ý»Ý:  ́3Ûó ÇÙ 3é3çÇÝ Ù»Õ31ñáÕÁ Ñ»Ýó »ë »Ù: oë åÇïÇ Ï3ÝË¿Ç ÝÙ3Ý 1Åμ3ËïáõÃÇõÝÁ áõ ã»Ù Ï3ñáÕ3ó»É 13 3Ý»É: âå¿ïù ¿ ÇÙ »õ ÇÙ ÁÝï3ÝÇùÇ Ñ»ï 3éÝãáõÃÇõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ÙÇç3í3ÛñáõÙ ÝÙ3Ý Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñ ÉÇÝ¿ñ: oë ÇÝÓ ã»Ù Ý»ñáõÙ, áõ ã·Çï»Ù áÝó åÇïÇ Ý»ñáõÙ Ñ3Û- ó»Ù: 2Ûë å3ÑÇÝ »ë Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÙ »Ù, áñ μ3ñáÛ3Ï3Ý å3ñï3õáñáõÃÇõÝ »Ù 1⁄2·áõÙ »õ í3Ûñ »Ù 1ÝáõÙ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÇ å3ï·3Ù3õáñÇ ÇÙ Ù3Ý13ïÁ: oë Ý»ñáÕáõÃÇõÝ »Ù ËÝ1ñáõÙ ÇÙ μáÉáñ ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇó, áñ ã»Ù Ï3ñáÕ3Ý3Û 3ñ13ñ3óÝ»É Çñ»Ýó ëå3ë»ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ, μ3Ûó íëï3Ñ »Ù, áñ áõÕÕ3ÏÇ å3ñï3õáñ »Ù 3Ûë ù3ÛÉÝ 3Ý»Éáõ: àõ1⁄2áõÙ »Ù Ñ3õ3ï3É, áñ 3õ3ÝóÇÝ»ñÝ ÇÝÓ ×Çß1 ÏÁ Ñ3ëÏ3Ý3Ý: ÚáÛë áõÝ»Ù, áñ ÙÇ ûñ ¿É ÏÁ Ï3ñáÕ3Ý3Ù Ý»ñáõÙ ëï3Ý3É ì3Ñ¿¿Ýó ÁÝï3ÝÇùáõÙ.

7

Û3Ù»Ý3ÛÝ 1¿åë 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã Ïÿ3ݻ٠1ñ3 Ñ3Ù3ñ: ê·áõÙ »Ù μáÉáñ Ñ3ñ31⁄23ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ÙÇ3ëÇݧ, - Áëáõ3Í ¿ñ Ð3Ûñ3å»ï»3ÝÇ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõû3Ý Ù¿ç:

ÆßËáÕ Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3Ý13ÙÇ 3Ûë ù3ÛÉÁ, í»ñçÇÝ ï3ñÇÝ»ñáõÝ Ð3- Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ù¿ç 3é3çÇÝ 1¿åùÝ ¿, »ñμ ûÉÇÏ3ñËÇÏ Ñ3Ù3Ï3ñ·Ç Ù¿Ï Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÁ, Ññ3å3ñ3- Ï3õ Ý»ñáÕáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ ËÝ1ñ¿ Çñ 3ñ3ñùÇÝ Ñ3Ù3ñ áõ Ññ3Å3ñ3Ï3Ý ÏÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝ¿:

Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÀ  ̧2ðÒo2È §Ø2ê2Ø ́ 21⁄42î¦ äoîàôÂÆôÜÜoðàô Þ2ðøÆÜ

ØÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Æñ3õ3å3ßïå3Ý ¦21⁄23ïáõû3Ý îáõݧ (Freedom House) Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï»ó 3Ù»Ý33Ý31⁄23ï å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Çñ ï3ñ»Ï3Ý óáõó3ÏÁ:

¦ì3ï3·áÛÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç í3ï3·áÛÝÁ 2012. 2ßË3ñÑÇ 3Ù»Ý3Ñ3É3Í»3É Ñ3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝ- Ý»ñÁ (Worst of the Worst 2012: The World’s Most Repressive Societies) Ëáñ3·ÇñÁ ÏñáÕ 1⁄2»ÏáÛ- óÇÝ Ù¿ç 3ßË3ñÑÇ 195 å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ 13ë3Ï3ñ·áõ3Í »Ý áñå¿ë ¦21⁄23ï§, ¦Ø3ë3Ùμ 31⁄23ï§ »õ ¦2Ý31⁄23ï§ å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ:

Ð3Û3ëï3Ý, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3Ëáñ1 ï3ñÇÝ»ñáõÝ, 13ëáõ3Í ¿ ¦Ù3ë3Ùμ 31⁄23ï§ å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»- ñáõ ß3ñùÇÝ: ø3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý ëï3ó3Í ¿ 6 Ï¿ï, ÇëÏ ù3Õ3- ù3óÇ3Ï3Ý Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ 4 Ï¿ï:

ìñ3ëï3Ý »õ ÂáõñùÇ3 ÝáÛÝå¿ë ¦Ù3ë3Ùμ 31⁄23ï§ å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ß3ñùÇÝ »Ý: ÆëÏ 2ïñ- å¿Û×3Ý, èáõë3ëï3Ý »õ Æñ3Ý ÏÁ ·ïÝáõÇÝ ¦3Ý31⁄23ï§ å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ß3ñùÇÝ:

1⁄4»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ, 3ßË3ñÑÇ 3Ù»Ý33Ý31⁄23ï å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý Ð3ë3ñ3Ï3Í3ÛÇÝ ÎáõÇÝÇ3Ý, 3⁄4ñÇÃñ»3Ý, ÐÇõëÇë3ÛÇÝ øáñ¿3Ý, ê¿áõï3Ï3Ý 2ñ3åÇ3Ý, êáÙ3ÉÁ, êáõï3ÝÁ, êáõñÇ- 3Ý, ÂáõñùÙ»ÝÇëï3ÝÁ »õ àõ1⁄2μ»Ïëï3ÝÁ:

2Ù»Ý331⁄23ï å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý 2õëïñ3ÉÇ3Ý, 2õëïñÇ3Ý, ä»É×Çù3Ý, ¶3Ý3ï3Ý, ÎÇå- ñáëÁ, â»ËÇ3Ý, î3ÝÇÙ3ñù3Ý, üñ3Ýë3Ý, ¶»ñÙ3ÝÇ3Ý, ÆëÉ3Ýï3Ý, ÆéÉ3Ýï3Ý, Æï3ÉÇ3Ý, ÈÇïíÇ3Ý, ÈÇõùë»ÙåáõñÏÁ, ÐáÉ3Ýï3Ý, Üáñ 1⁄4»É3Ýï3Ý, Üáñí»ÏÇ3Ý, êÉáí3ùÇ3Ý, êÉáí»ÝÇ3Ý, êå3ÝÇ3Ý, Þáõ¿ïÁ, 1⁄4áõÇó»ñÇ3Ý, ػ͠ ́ñÇï3ÝÇ3Ý »õ 2Ù»ñÇÏ3ÛÇ ØÇ3ó»3É Ü3Ñ3Ý·Ý»ñÁ:

§Ðð2Ü ̧ îÆÜøÆÜ äÆîÆ Ú2æàð ̧3⁄4ð úðÐ2Ü ö2ØàôøÀ¦.- o2êÆÜ Ð2o2È

Ð3Û3ëï3Ý»3Ý ¦Â»ñç Ï3Ûù¿çÁ ÏÁ ï»Õ»Ï3óÝ¿, áñ Ðñ3Ý1 îÇÝùÇ ëå3Ýáõû3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ óÙ3Ñ 31⁄23ï31⁄2ñÏÙ3Ý 13ï3å3ñïáõ3Í o3ëÇÝ Ð3»3É Ñ3ñó31⁄2ñáÛó ïáõ3Í ¿ Ãñù3Ï3Ý ¦Â3- ñ3ý§ ûñ3ûñÃÇÝ: 2Ý å3ïÙ3Í ¿, áñ ëå3Ýáõû3Ý å3ïáõÇñ3ïáõÝ»ñ¿Ý 3⁄4ñÑ3Ý ÂáõÝ×»ÉÁ Çñ»Ý Áë3Í ¿, áñ Ãáõñù 31⁄2·ÇÝ Ñ3Ù3ñ »ñÏáõ íï3Ý·3õáñ 3ÝáõÝ Ï3Ûa Ðñ3Ý1 îÇÝù »õ úñÑ3Ý ö3- Ùáõù: ÂáõÝ×»É Ýß3Í ¿, áñ 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3Ù å¿ïù ¿ ëå3ÝÝ»É îÇÝùÁ:

¦ ́3ÝïÇ Ù¿ç ÙÝ3Éáõ Ù»1⁄2Ù¿ 3õ»ÉÇ ¦3ñÅ3Ýǧ Ù3ñ1ÇÏ Ï3Ý‘ 3⁄4ñÑ3Ý ÂáõÝ×»ÉÁ »õ 1⁄2ÇÝù ýÇ- Ý3Ýë3õáñ3Í è3Ù31⁄23Ý 2ùÇõñù»ùÁ§,- Áë3Í ¿ Ð3»3É:

o3ëÇÝ Ð3»3É Ýß3Í ¿, áñ îÇÝùÇ ëå3ÝáõÃ»Ý¿Ý »ïù ÏÁ Ý3Ë3ï»ëáõ¿ñ ëå3ÝÝ»É Ý3»õ ·ñáÕ úñÑ3Ý ö3ÙáõùÁ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ 3õ»ÉÇ áõß »ï Ï3Ý·Ý3Í »Ý 3Û1 áñáßáõÙ¿Ý:

îÇÝùÇ ëå3ÝáõÃ»Ý¿Ý »ïù Ó»ñμ3Ï3Éáõ3Í o3ëÇÝ Ð3»3É, 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõÃÇõÝ ï»Õ3÷áËáõ»- Éáõ ×3Ý3å3ñÑÇÝ ëå3éÝ3ó3Í ¿ñ úñÑ3Ý ö3ÙáõùÇÝ, Áë»Éáí,- ¦ö3ÙáõùÁ ÃáÕ Ë»ÉùÁ ·ÉáõËÁ Ñ3õ3ù¿§:

ì»ñçÇÝ Ñ3ñó31⁄2ñáÛóÇÝ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ, Ð3»3É 3Ý1ñ313ñÓ3Í ¿ Çñ 3Û1 Ëûëù»ñáõÝ, Ýß»Éáí, áñ îÇÝùÇ ·áñÍáí Ó»ñμ3Ï3Éáõ3Í, 3å3 3ñ13ñ3óáõ3Í »õ 31⁄23ï 3ñÓ3Ïáõ3Í 3⁄4ñÑ3Ý ÂáõÝ×»ÉÁ Çñ»Ý Áë3Í ¿, áñ Ãáõñù 31⁄2·Ç Ñ3Ù3ñ Ù»Í íï3Ý· ÏÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝ»Ý Ðñ3Ý1 îÇÝùÝ áõ úñÑ3Ý ö3- ÙáõùÁ »õ ÇÝùÁ 3ïáñ Ñ3Ù3ñ ¦Ñ3Õáñ13·ñáõÃÇõݧ ÛÕ3Í ¿ñ ö3ÙáõùÇÝ:

2Ý Ýß3Í ¿, áñ ö3ÙáõùÇ ëå3Ýáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3·ÇÍÁ ã»Õ»3É Ñ3Ù3ñáõ3Í ¿, ù3ÝÇ áñ îÇÝùÇ ëå3Ýáõû3Ý ßáõñç ß3ï Ù»Í 3ÕÙáõÏ μ3ñÓñ3ó3Í ¿ñ: ¦ö3ÙáõùÇ Ù3ëÇÝ Áë3Í 3Û1 Ëûëù»ñáõë Ñ3Ù3ñ ß3ï ÏÁ 1⁄2Õç3Ù§,- Áë3Í ¿ Ð3»3É:

2Ý å3ïÙ3Í ¿, ûñ ö3ÙáõùÇ Ù3ëÇÝ Çñ»Ý 3é3çÇÝ 3Ý·3Ù å3ïÙ3Í ¿ 3⁄4ñÑ3Ý ÂáõÝ×»É:

¦3⁄4ñÑ3Ý ÇÝÍÇ Áë3Í ¿ñ, áñ úñÑ3Ý ö3Ùáõù 3ñï3ë3ÑÙ3ÝÇ Ù¿ç Áë3Í ¿, ÿ Ãáõñù»ñÁ 1.5 ÙÇÉÇáÝ Ñ3Û »õ Ñ31⁄23ñ3õáñ ùÇõñï ëå3ÝÝ3Í »Ý: ÆÝÍÇ Áë3õ, áñ »Ã¿ ö3ÙáõùÁ ÝÙ3Ý Û3Ûï3ñ3- ñáõÃÇõÝ Áñ3Í ãÁÉÉ3ñ, 3Ýáñ Üáå¿É»3Ý Ùñó3Ý3Ï ã¿ÇÝ ï3ñ§,- å3ïÙ3Í ¿ óÙ3Ñ 13ï3å3ñï- »3ÉÁ:Ð3»3É 13ñÓ»3É Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ3Í ¿, áñ îÇÝùÇ ëå3Ýáõû3Ý »ïÇÝ Ï3Ý·Ý3Í Ù3ñ1ÇÏ ÏÁ ß3- ñáõÝ3Ï»Ý 31⁄23ïáõû3Ý Ù¿ç ÙÝ3É:

¦Ðñ3Ý1 îÇÝùÇ ÷3ëï3μ3Ý ü»ÃÑÇÛ¿ â»ÃÇÝ 13ï3í×ÇéÇ ûñÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó‘ ÏÁ Í3Õñ»Ý Ù»1⁄2: Ø»1⁄2 Çñûù ÏÁ Í3Õñ»Ý: úÏÇõÝ ê3Ù3ëÃÇ »õ ÇÙ μ3ÝïÇ Ù¿ç ÁÉÉ3ÉÁ 3Ûë »ñÏñÇ 70 ÙÇÉÇáÝ μÝ3Ïãáõû3Ý áõÕÕáõ3Í 3Ý3ñ·3Ýù ¿:  ́áÉáñÁ ·Çï»Ý, Ñ3ëÏó3Í »Ý, áñ 3Û1 ëå3Ýáõû3Ý »ïÇÝ Ù»Ýù ã¿ÇÝù: 2Û1 3Ù¿ÝÁ μ3ñ1áõ»ó3õ Ù»ñ íñ3Û »õ Ù»1⁄2Ù¿ 1⁄23ï μáÉáñÁ 3ñ13ñ3óáõ»ó3Ý: oÿ 3⁄4ñ- Ñ3Ý ÂáõÝ×»ÉÁ 3ÝÙ»Õ ¿, áõñ»ÙÝ »ë 3É 3ÝÙ»Õ »Ù§,- Áë3Í ¿ Ð3»3É:

8

ä2ðàÚð Ð2ÚðÆÎo2ÜÀ Îþ2è2æ2 ̧ðàôÆ Ü2Ê2¶2Ð2Î2Ü ÀÜîðàôÂÆôÜÜoðàôØ

¦21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÆÝùÝáñáßáõÙ ØÇ3õáñáõÙ§ (2ÆØ) Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñ ä3ñáÛñ Ð3ÛñÇÏ»3ÝÁ 2013 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ïÿ3é3ç31ñÇ Çñ ûÏÝ3ÍáõÃÇõÝÁ:

Ð3ÛñÇÏ»3ÝÁ 3Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ë3ÑÙ3Ý31ñáõû3Ý ÁÝ1áõÝÙ3Ý 17- 3Ù»3ÏÇÝ ÁÝ13é3ç Ññ3õÇñáõ3Í Ù3ÙáõÉÇ 3ëáõÉÇëáõÙa å3ï3ëË3Ý»Éáí ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõݧ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇ Ñ3ñóÇÝ:

¦oë 3é3ç31ñáõ»Éáõ »Ù, 2ÆØ-Á áñ»õ¿ áñáßáõÙ ãÇ ÁÝ1áõÝ»É, Ï3ñÍáõÙ »Ù, áñ å3ñï3õáñ »Ù§, - 3ë3ó Ý3:

§oðÎð2ä2ÐƦ  ́2Ä2ÜØàôÜøÆò ØoÌ ø2Ü2ÎàôÂo2Ø ́ 1⁄4ÆÜ2ØÂoðø oÜ ¶îoÈ

oñ»õ3ÝÇ Ù¿ç Û3ÛïÝ3μ»ñáõ3Í 1⁄2ÇÝ3Ùûñù¿Ý Ù3ë ÙÁ ÚáõÉÇëÇ 3-Ç 3é3õûï»3Ý Û3ÛïÝ3μ»ñáõ3Í Ù»Í ù3Ý3Ïáõû3Ùμ 1⁄2¿ÝùÁ »Õ»É ¿¦oñÏñ3å3ѧ

Ï3Ù3õáñ3Ï3ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõû3Ý Î»ÝïñáÝÇ Ý3ËÏÇÝ μ3Å3ÝÙáõÝùÇ ï3ÝÇùáõÙ: àëïÇÏ3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Û3ÛïÝ3μ»ñ»É ¿ Ñ3Ï3ï3ÝÏ3ÛÇÝ 3Ï3ÝÝ»ñ, ÝéÝ3ÏÝ»ñ, å3ÛÃáõóÇãÝ»ñ,

×3ÛÃÇãÝ»ñ, ùÇÙÇ3Ï3Ý ùáÕ3ñÏÇãÝ»ñ: àëïÇÏ3Ýáõû3Ý 3ÕμÇõñÝ»ñÁ Û3ÛïÝ»óÇÝ, áñ 1¿åùÇ í3ÛñáõÙ 3ÛÅÙ 3ßË3ïáõÙ ¿ áëïÇ-

Ï3Ýáõû3Ý ûå»ñ3ïÇõ-ùÝÝã3Ï3Ý ËáõÙμÁ, Çñ3õ3å3ÑÝ»ñÁ ÷áñÓáõÙ »Ý å3ñ1⁄2»É, ÿ áõÙ ¿ å3ïÏ3Ý»É ÝÙ3Ý Ù»Í ù3Ý3Ïáõû3Ùμ 1⁄2ÇÝ3ÙûñùÁ:

ÚáõÉÇëÇ 3-ÇÝ, Å3ÙÁ 9.30-Ç ë3ÑÙ3ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, áëïÇÏ3Ýáõû3Ý Î»ÝïñáÝ3Ï3ÝÇ μ3ÅÇÝ 3Ñ31⁄23Ý· ¿ ëï3óáõ»É, áñ ä3ñáÝ»3Ý 20 Ñ3ëó¿áõÙ ·ïÝáõáÕ ß¿ÝùÇ ï3ÝÇùáõÙ ßÇÝ3ñ3ñ3Ï3Ý 3ßË3ï3ÝùÝ»ñ Ï3ï3ñáÕÝ»ñÁ 1⁄2ÇÝ3Ùûñù »Ý ·ï»É:

î3⁄4ð-äoîðàêo2ÜÀ Îþ2è2æ2 ̧ðàôÆ, oÂ3⁄4 §2ÞÜ2ÜÀ Üä2êî2ôàð

ä2ÚØ2ÜÜoð ÈÆÜoܦ

oÿ 3ßÝ3ÝÁ ÉÇÝ»Ý Ýå3ëï3õáñ å3ÛÙ3ÝÝ»ñ, 3å3 È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÁ 2013-Ç Ý3- Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ Ð3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÇ 3é3çÝ3ÛÇÝ Ã»ÏÝ3ÍáõÝ, »õ ãÇ μ3ó3éõáõÙ, áñ Ð2Î-Çó μ3óÇ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÇÝ ë3ï3ñ»Ý Ý3»õ 3ÛÉ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý áõÅ»ñ: 2Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó Ð2Î ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ËÙμ3Ïóáõû3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñ È»õáÝ 1⁄4áõñ3μ- »3ÝÁ‘ å3ï3ëË3Ý»Éáí ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõݧ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇ 3ÛÝ Ñ3ñóÇÝ, ÿ 3ñ1»û±ù î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë- »3ÝÁ ö»ïñáõ3ñÇÝ Ï3Û3Ý3ÉÇù Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ù3ëÝ3Ïó»Éáõ ó3ÝÏáõÃÇõÝ áõÝÇ:

¦Þ3ï μÝ3Ï3Ý ¿, áñ »Ã¿ 3ßÝ3ÝÁ 1ñ3 Ñ3Ù3ñ ÉÇÝ»Ý Ýå3ëï3õáñ å3ÛÙ3ÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝùÁ 3Ù»- Ý3é3çÝ3ÛÇÝ Ã»ÏÝ3ÍáõÝ ¿ Ð3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÇ 3é3ç31ñÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ, ã»Ù μ3ó3éáõÙ Ý3»õ, áñ 3ÛÉ áõÅ»ñ ÝáÛÝå¿ë ë3ï3ñ»Ý Çñ»Ý§, - 3ë3ó 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÁ:

9

1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÝ 3ë3ó‘ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÇ 3é3ç31ñÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ Ýå3ëï3õáñ å3ÛÙ3ÝÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñùÇÝ »õ 3ñï3ùÇÝ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍûÝÝ»ñ »Ý:

¦ ̧3 ëï»ÕÍáõ3Í ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÝ ¿, 13ë3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ ¿ å3éÉ3Ù»ÝïáõÙ, ÷áÕá- óáõÙ, ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Ý, ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ïÝï»ë3- Ï3Ý íÇ×3ÏÁ, ëáóÇ3É3Ï3Ý 1Å·áÑáõû3Ý ã3÷Á: 2ÛÝù3Ý ·áñÍûÝÝ»ñ Ï3Ý, áñ å¿ïù ¿ í»ñÉáõÍ- áõ»Ý: î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÁ 2007 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ 3é3ç31ñáõ»Éáõ Ýå3ï3Ïáí ÙÇ 3ÙμáÕç Ñ»ï31⁄2û- ïáõÃÇõÝ ¿ 3ñ»É, í»ñÉáõÍ»É ¿ μáÉáñ 3Ûë ·áñÍûÝÝ»ñÁ, 3Ûó»É»É ¿ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ μáÉáñ ßñç3ÝÝ»ñÁ, Ù3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝ Ñ»ï31⁄2ûï»É ¿ ëï»ÕÍáõ3Í Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ »õ Ýáñ áñáßáõÙ ¿ ÁÝ1áõÝ»É: лÝó 13 ¿ å3ï×3éÁ, áñ Ù»Ýù 3Ûëûñ áñ»õ¿ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝ ã»Ýù 3ÝáõÙ 3Û1 Ï3å3Ïóáõû3Ùμ§, - 3ë3ó 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÁ:

Ð3ñóÇÝ, ÿ ÑÝ3ñ3õá±ñ Ñ3Ù3ñáõÙ ¿, áñ ö»ïñáõ3ñÇÝ Ï3Û3Ý3ÉÇù ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ î¿ñ- ä»ïñáë»3ÝÇÝ ë3ï3ñÇ Ý3»õ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ݧ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ, áõÙ Ñ»ï Ð2Î-Á Ñ3- Ù3·áñÍ3Ïó»ó ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó 3é3ç, 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÁ å3ï3ëË3Ý»ó. - ¦oë ÑÝ3ñ3õáñ »Ù Ñ3Ù3ñáõÙ, áñ μáÉáñ áõÅ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÁÝ11ÇÙ3ÝáõÙ »Ý ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ μéÝ3å»ïáõû3Ý 1¿Ù, Ï3ñáÕ »Ý Ñ3Ù3ËÙμáõ»É ÙÇ3ëÝ3Ï3Ý Ã»ÏÝ3ÍáõÇ ßáõñç, »õ ß3ï Ñ3õ3- Ý3Ï3Ý »Ù Ñ3Ù3ñáõÙ, áñ 3Û1 ÙÇ3ëÝ3Ï3Ý Ã»ÏÝ3ÍáõÝ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÁ§:

¿»õ 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÁ μ31⁄2ÙÇóë ÁÝ1·Í»ó, áñ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ Çñ»Ýó ûÏ- Ý3ÍáõÇ 3é3ç31ñÙ3Ý Ñ»ï Ï3åáõ3Í Ð2Î-Á 1»é»õë áñáßáõÙ ãÇ Ï3Û3óñ»É, μ3Ûó ÁÝ1·Í»ó, áñ 2013- ÇÝ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ¦3Ûë é»ÅÇÙÇÝ Û3ÕûÉáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ å¿ïù ¿ Ï»Ýïñá- Ý3Ý3É 3ÛÝåÇëÇ Ã»ÏÝ3Íáõû3Ý íñ3Û, áñÝ áõÝÇ ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ áõÅ»ñÇÝ Ñ3Ù3ËÙμ»Éáõ 3Ù»Ý3- Ù»Í åáï»ÝóÇ3ÉÁ§: 2Û1 ûÏÝ3ÍáõÝ, Áëï 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÇ, Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3é3çÇÝ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ È»õáÝ î¿ñ -ä»ïñáë»3ÝÝ ¿:

¦oë 3ÛÉ Ñ3õ3ë3ñ ýÇ·áõñ ã»Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ, áñÁ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ ÏáÝëáÉÇ13óÝ»É 3ÙμáÕç ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ 13ßïÁ:  ́3Ûó 13 ãÇ Ýß3Ý3ÏáõÙ, áñ Ù»Ýù 3Ûëûñ å¿ïù ¿ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñ ÁÝ1áõÝ»Ýù, 13 3ÝÉáõñç ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ: 2ÛÝ áõÅ»ñÁ, áñ 3Ûëûñ áñáßáõÙ »Ý ÁÝ1áõÝ»É, 3ÝÉáõñç »Ý: 2é3õ»É »õë, áñ áã áù ãÇ Ï3ñáÕ Ï3ÝË3ï»ë»É, ÿ ÇÝã ¿ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ 3ßÝ3ÝÁ, ÑÇÙ3 ÝÙ3Ý Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Ý 3ÝáõÙ, Çñ»Ýù óáÛó »Ý ï3ÉÇë Çñ»Ýó 3ÝÉñçáõÃÇõÝÁ§, - 3ë3ó Ý3:

ØÇ ù3ÝÇ ï3ñÇ 3é3ç Ñ3Ýñ3Ñ3õ3ùÝ»ñÇó Ù¿ÏáõÙ È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»3ÝÝ 3ë»É ¿ñ, ÿ Ïÿ3é3ç31ñÇ Çñ ûÏÝ3ÍáõÃÇõÝÁ ÙÇ3ÛÝ 3ÛÝ 1¿åùáõÙ, »ñμ 3é3ç31ñáõÇ Ý3ËÏÇÝ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ èá- μ»ñ1 øáã3ñ»3ÝÁ: Èñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñÁ Ñ3ñóñ»óÇÝ, ÿ 3ñ1»û±ù Ð2Î-áõÙ 3ñ1¿Ý Ùáé3ó»É »Ý 3Û1 Û3Û- ï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÁ: 1⁄4áõñ3μ»3ÝÁ Ñ3Ï313ñÓ»ó, áñ 3Û1 Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÁ 3ñáõ»É ¿ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ÏáÝÏñ»ï Çñ3íÇ×3ÏáõÙ, áñÝ 3ÛÉ»õë ·áÛáõÃÇõÝ ãáõÝÇ:

Ø2ð¶2ðo2Ü. §öàðÒàôØ oÜ  ̧2ÞÜ2ÎòàôÂo2Ü Ø3⁄4æ ÊÜ ̧Æð-

Üoð êîoÔÌoȦ

ÐÚ ̧  ́ÇõñáÛÇ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇã Ðñ3Ý1 Ø3ñ·3ñ»3ÝÇ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2Ù3Ùμ, 3ñï3ùÇÝ áõÅ»ñÝ 3Ûëûñ ÙÇç3ÙïáõÙ »Ý  ̧3ßÝ3Ïóáõû3Ý Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇÝ, ÷áñÓáõÙ »Ý ËÝ1ÇñÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É Ïáõë3Ï- óáõÃÇõÝáõÙ »õ Ýå3ï3Ï áõÝ»Ý ÷á˻ɠ ̧3ßÝ3Ïóáõû3Ý Ý»ñÏ3ÛÇë Õ»Ï3í3ñáõû3ÝÁ:

ÜÙ3Ý Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝ Ø3ñ·3ñ»3ÝÝ 3ñ»ó ¦21⁄23ïáõÃÇõݧ é31ÇáÏ3Û3ÝÇÝ ïáõ3Í Ñ3ñó31⁄2ñáÛóÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï‘ å3ï3ëË3Ý»Éáí 3ÛÝ Ñ3ñóÇÝ, ÿ áñù3Ýá±í »Ý ×Çß1 Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáó- Ý»ñáõÙ ßñç3Ý3éáõáÕ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó Û»ïáÛ  ̧3ß- Ý3Ïóáõû3Ý Ý»ñëáõÙ 3é3ç3ó»É »Ý Éáõñç Ñ3Ï3ëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ:

¦Ø»Ýù Ï»Ý13ÝÇ ûñ·3ÝÇ1⁄2Ù »Ýù, »õ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Ý 3õ3ñïáõ»É, áñï»Õ, Ù»ÕÙ 3ë3Í, Ù»Ýù ÷3ÛÉáõÝ 3ñ1ÇõÝù ã»Ýù áõÝ»ó»É: oõ ß3ï μÝ3Ï3Ý ¿, áñ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Ù¿ç ÉÇÝ»Ý 1Å·á- ÑáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ, Ùï3Ñá·áõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ, ï3ñμ»ñ Ï3ñÍÇùÝ»ñ: ê3 μÝ3Ï3Ý ¿: oÿ ãÉÇÝ»ñ, ÏÁ Ýß3Ý3Ï¿ñ, áñ Ù»Ýù 3éáÕç Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ ã»Ýù§, - 3ë3ó Ðñ3Ý1 Ø3ñ·3ñ»3ÝÁ, - ¦ ́3Ûó Ñ3ñóÁ 1ñ3 Ù3- ëÇÝ ã¿: 2ÛÝ, ÇÝã 3Ûëûñ Ù3ÙáõÉÇ Ù¿ç ÷áñÓáõÙ »Ý Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝ»É, μ3ó3ñÓ3Ï ëïÇ íñ3Û ¿ ÑÇÙÝ- áõ3ͧ:

 ̧3ßÝ3Ïó3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»ó. - ¦oõ Ýå3ï3Ï Ï3Û. »ñμ Ù»Ýù É3õ 3ñ1ÇõÝù ã»Ýù áõÝ»ó»É, å3ñ3ñï ÑáÕ ¿ ëï»ÕÍõáõÙ 3ñï3ùÇÝ ÙÇç3ÙïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ: Ø»1⁄2 ËáñÑáõñ1 »Ý ï3ÉÇë, áñ å¿ïù ¿ 3Ù»ñÇÏ»3Ý áõÅ 13éÝ3ù, Ù»1⁄2 ËáñÑáõñ1 »Ý ï3ÉÇë, áñ å¿ïù ¿ ËáñÑñ13ñ3- Ý3Ï3Ý å3Ûù3ñÇó Ññ3Å3ñáõ¿ùa Çμñ ÿ åÇïÇ ÙÇ3ÛÝ Û»Õ3÷áË3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ 13é- Ý3Ýù: Ø»1⁄2 ËáñÑáõñ1 »Ý ï3ÉÇë, áñ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕáõÙ áõÙ å3ßïå3Ý»Ýù, áõÙ ãå3ßïå3Ý»Ýù: 2Ûë ï»ë3Ï ËáñÑáõñ1Ý»ñÁ ß3ï »Ý: êñ3Ýù ÙÇç3ÙïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ »Ý: öáñÓáõÙ »Ý  ̧3ßÝ3Ïóáõû3Ý Ù¿ç ËÝ1ÇñÝ»ñ ëï»Õͻɧ:

10

Major Vahe Avetian Laid to Rest Amid Continuing Protest Against Oli- garchs

Ruben Hayrapetian Quits Parliament Over the Deadly Violence

YEREVAN -- Bowing to mounting pressure from opposition politicians, civic activists and media, Ruben Hayrapetian, an influential businessman close to the government stepped down as member of Armenia’s parliament late on Tuesday in connection with deadly violence at a Yerevan restaurant owned by him.

In a written statement, Hayrapetian said he feels “moral” responsibility for the death of Vahe Avetian, a military doctor who was attacked at the restaurant in still unclear circumstances. “I would give everything to be there on that ill-fated night to hold back the fists raised

against the young men and stop that tragedy, which took away a life, ruined families and made children orphans,” he said. “I would give everything to roll that back. But I can’t. Vahe is not alive anymore. I must live with that and look his family members in the eyes. I don’t know how.”

“Now many are blaming me, even for things that have nothing to do with me and are fabri- cated. They probably have the right to do that. But my main accuser is myself,” he said.

“I should have prevented that tragedy but failed to do that. Such an incident should not have been possible in a place connected with myself and my family. I can’t forgive myself and don’t know how I should ask for forgiveness.”

“I hope that I will one day manage to receive forgiveness from Vahe’s family. In any case, I will do everything for that,” added the controversial tycoon heading the Armenian Football Fed- eration.

The statement came shortly after Hayrapetian reportedly met with President Serzh Sarkisian at the presidential palace in Yerevan. There was no immediate official confirmation of that meet- ing.

Hayrapetian earlier denied any responsibility for the June 17 severe beating of Avetian and two other military doctors at the Harsnakar restaurant. In a June 19 statement, he condemned media reports and commentary blaming him for the violence. He also pledged to “do everything” to help law-enforcement authorities identify and punish the culprits.

Six men, most of them the restaurant’s security guards, were subsequently arrested and charged with assaulting the medics. The main suspect in the case reportedly worked as one of Hayrapetian’s bodyguards.

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Hayrapetian came under renewed fire after Avetian died of severe heads wounds last Friday. He has been the main target of virtually daily demonstrations held in Yerevan, including outside the presidential office, since then.

The protesters, who are also actively using online social networks, say that Hayrapetian is responsible for the incident because he had instilled a sense of impunity in burly men working for him. They have said he must therefore resign as both parliament deputy and chairman of the Ar- menian Football Federation.

Also calling for Hayrapetian’s exit from the National Assembly on Tuesday was the Arme- nian Association of Political Science. The organization is headed by Hayk Kotanjian, a retired army general who runs a think-tank linked to Armenia’s Defense Ministry. A corresponding statement issued by Kotanjian on Tuesday morning gave more weight to media reports that many in the Armenian military also hold Hayrapetian responsible for the army doctor’s death.

Avetian Laid to Rest

Thousands of people – Avetian’s relatives, friends and colleagues, as well as intellectuals, po- litical figures, civil society representatives and numerous other citizens – attended the funeral. of Armenian military doctor Major Vahe Avetian on Monday amid continuing public outrage against a government-connected businessman who employed the men accused of beating him to death at a Yerevan restaurant last month.

The crowd comprising Armenia’s top army general, opposition politicians and civic activists silently walked behind Vahe Avetian’s body as it was carried in an open coffin through a Yerevan neighborhood where he lived with his family. The procession was led by a military brass band and soldiers holding four wreathes. A letter from the 35-year-old’s first name emblazoned on each of them.

Prominent political and public figures attending the funeral reaffirmed their strong condemna- tion of the June 17 beating of Avetian and two other military doctors at the Harsnakar restaurant.

Colonel-General Yuri Khachaturov, chief of the Armenian army’s General Staff, issued a stark warning to Hayrapetian and other “oligarchs” that have long been linked with violent conduct. “I want to warn everyone not to touch the army,” Khachaturov told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am) during the funeral. “I’m saying that for the last time. Those who have bodyguards, armed men must behave themselves.”

After the funeral, some of the participants headed for the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ar- menia.

Through a loudspeaker the participants in the action urged the people to join the struggle against the “authorities-sponsored oligarchic system.”

The protestors were crying out “Nemets is a murderer!” (Nemets is the nickname of Ruben Hairapetian), “I am Vahe Avetian!”

In a related development, one of the on-line travel agencies in Armenia, Georgia and Nagorno- Karabakh, ginosi.com joined the protest, too, temporarily taking out from its website the informa- tion on Harsnakar Restaurant in Yerevan as well as in Harsnakar hotel located near Lake Sevan. “As a socially responsible company, we have decided to temporarily suspend Harsnakar's listing from ginosi.com until an investigation clarifies as to what exactly has transpired at the Harsnakar Restaurant on the evening of June 17th which led to the death of Vahe Avetian,” ginosi.com said in a statement.

Dink Murder Convict: Our Next Target Was Novelist Orhan Pamuk

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ISTANBUL -- Yasin Hayal, one of the main instigators of the murder of Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, said the masterminds behind the murder were planning to kill Nobel prize- winning novelist Orhan Pamuk after Dink, Today’s Zaman reports.

Dink was shot dead outside the offices of the Agos newspaper in Istanbul in January 2007. Po- lice arrested the gunman, Ogün Samast, and his associate, Hayal.

When he was detained and taken to court in 2007, Hayal had threatened, “Orhan Pamuk should be careful.”

Hayal elaborated on these statements five years later from his prison cell in Tekirdag. He said Erhan Tuncel, who worked as an informant for the Trabzon Police Department and was arrested af- ter the murder of Dink but subsequently released, told him: “Hrant Dink and Orhan Pamuk are dan- gerous to this nation. They should be killed. But Dink has priority.”

In January, Samast was sentenced to 22 years, 10 months in prison while Hayal was given life imprisonment for inciting Samast to murder. Tuncel was found not guilty of murdering Dink.

Hayal said he made the threatening statement against Pamuk due to Tuncel's remarks.

Hayal said they shelved their plans to kill Pamuk when the Dink murder caused an outrage in the country and international community.

He also said he regrets having made those statements about Pamuk, which he said were a result of ignorance. “They [those remarks] were due to youth and ignorance. If I happen to get out of this place one day, I will visit him [Pamuk] and kiss his hand [a show of respect in Turkish culture] and apologize to him. I am really regretful,” he said.

Pamuk drew the ire of Turkish nationalist circles when he said during an interview with Swiss newspaper Tages Anzeiger in 2005 that “30,000 Kurds and a million Armenians were killed” in Turkey. Turkey denies that Armenians were systematically killed between 1915 and 1923, saying both sides suffered losses in internecine fighting during the breakup of the Ottoman Empire.

EU President Herman Van Rompuy Calls on Armenia to continue Strengthening Democratic Institutions

YEREVAN -- The Armenian government is “on the right track” in carrying out democratic reforms and can therefore count on greater financial assistance from the European Union, EU President Herman Van Rompuy said during an official visit to Yerevan on Wednesday.

Speaking after talks with Presiden President Serzh Sarkisian, Van Rompuy reaffirmed the EU’s largely positive assessment of Armenia’s recent parliamentary elections but said a presiden- tial ballot due next February should be even more democratic.

“I encourage Armenia to continue on this path towards strengthening its democratic institu- tions, to promote transparency, to root out corruption and to respect human rights and the rule of law, including the right to free speech and press,” he told a joint news conference with Sarkisian. “You are, President Sarkisian, on the right track, even if there is still a lot of work ahead.”

“The European Union welcomes the efforts which the Armenian authorities made to deliver more competitive and transparent parliamentary elections [on May 6,]” he said. “This was an im- portant step forward. However, as identified in the Final Report by the OSCE/ODIHR Election

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Observation Mission, some issues remain to be addressed. We trust that this will be done before the upcoming presidential elections.”

“On this basis, I am pleased to say that the [EU’s executive] European Commission will now be in a position to start preparations of a donor conference with Armenia and international fi- nancial institutions,” added the head of the EU’s top decision-making body, the European Coun- cil.

Sarkisian, for his part, declared that his government’s and the EU’s evaluations of the Ar- menian parliamentary elections are identical. “Those were the best elections in the history of newly independent Armenia, but a lot still needs to be done for a further improvement of the elec- toral process,” he said. “I reaffirmed our readiness to make fresh progress in the organization and conduct of the 2013 presidential elections.”

A spokesman for EU Enlargement Commissioner Stefan Fuele told RFE/RL last week that the freedom and fairness of the 2013 vote, in which Sarkisian will be seeking a second term in of- fice, is essential for the holding of the donor conference.

Van Rompuy announced that the EU will provide Yerevan this year with 15 million euros ($19 million) in additional assistance within the framework of its Eastern Partnership program.

The program offers Armenia and five other former Soviet republics the prospect of closer partnership with the 27-nation bloc in return for sweeping political and economic reforms. Each of them is eligible for an “association agreement” with the EU.

Van Rompuy praised “good progress” in the EU’s ongoing association talks with Armenia both at the news conference and in other public statements made in Yerevan. He noted the recent launch of formal Armenia-EU talks on free trade and visa facilitation, key elements of the asso- ciation accord.

“Armenia’s commitment to reforms based on the core values of the European Union, and geared at approximating to the standards and norms of the EU is very welcome. This is clearly a strategic choice made by Armenia,” the Belgian politician told a conference of local non- governmental organizations later in the day.

Armenian opposition and civic groups regularly question the Sarkisian administration’s stated commitment to those norms. Unlike the EU, they have denounced the May elections as fraudulent.

Van Rompuy repeatedly stressed in Yerevan the importance of a peaceful solution to the Na- gorno-Karabakh conflict for Armenia’s European integration. “The European Union will con- tinue to insist that Armenia and Azerbaijan step up their efforts to reach agreement,” he said in an address to the Armenian parliament.

In that context, the EU president expressed “great concern” at recent truce violations in the conflict zone. “The European Union calls on both sides strictly to respect the ceasefire and exer- cise restraint, on the ground and in public statements, in order to prevent a further escalation of the situation,” he said. Van Rompuy also called for an unconditional normalization of Turkish-Armenian relations advo- cated by Armenia. “The European Union will continue to encourage both sides to remain commit- ted to the process of normalization of bilateral relations, without preconditions from any side,” he told the National Assembly.

Armenia Resumes Peacekeeping Mission

in Kosovo A 35-member subdivision of Armenian peacekeepers will depart for Kosovo on July 6, accord-

ing to the press release of Armenian Defense Ministry. The Armenian peacekeepers are to be deployed at US Bondsteel military camp near the

Urosevac town and implement peacekeeping mission for six months. The Armenian peacekeepers will patrol, ensure security of check-points, handle mass disorders, accompany es-

corts.

Armenia is participating in Kosovo mission since 2004. The Armenian subdivision, though, was withdrawn from Kosovo in February 2012 due to reduction of forces participating in Kosovo peacekeeping mission. A memorandum of mutual understanding has been signed with the American side on resuming Ar- menian peacekeeping mission in Multinational Battle Group East.

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US Ambassador: Armenia-Turkey Protocols Must Be Ratified Without Preconditions

YEREVAN.- U.S. Ambassador to Armenia John Heffern met on Wednesday with a group of Armenian journalists, answering questions on wide range of issues, including the Karabakh peace process, Armenia-Turkey relations and those referring to the parliamentary elections.

Ambassador Heffern stated that the United States continues to support the efforts towards the implementation of the Turkish-Armenian normalization protocols and urges Turkish authorities to ratify and implement these documents without preconditions.

“We are not giving up on the protocols, we are still pushing very hard at every level to get the protocols ratified and implemented. It is important that neither government has withdrawn the pro- tocols from the parliaments. The protocols in both Ankara and Yerevan remain before the parlia- ments,” Heffern said responding to a question from ArmeniaNow.

“Our message to the Turkish leaders has been to ratify and implement the protocols as they were signed without any preconditions. It is our primary goals in terms of Arm-Turkish reconcilia- tion and we will push it on highest levels,” he said.

“We are pursuing reconciliation on three levels: first and foremost the protocols, get them rati- fied and implemented without precondition, the second - promoting and pushing Ankara on meaningful economic measures,” Heffern said, brining an example of reopening of Gyumri-Kars car railroad which will also help eastern Turkey and the Armenian and Turkish companies’ negotiations on completion of fiber optic cable from Turkey to Armenia.

“The third level is people-to-people exchanges. We have done it in all sectors: parliamentari- ans, journalists, students and, businessmen. It is important to break the mistrust between the two countries and two peoples and to build a climate and atmosphere which will make reconciliation possible.”

Commenting on the U.S. attitude towards the May 6 parliamentary elections, Heffern said they tried to assess the elections as objective as possible. Among the positive points he underscored ac- cess to media and among the shortcomings - widespread vote-buying, misuse of administrative re- sources, and favoritism to the government parties in the public sector.

“I was excited to see a spirited debate in the parliament, the opposition parties have taken their seats and there was a strong questioning on government’s program in the parliament. It is a good thing, open debate and open competition is good for Armenia’s democracy. As to the next elections, we are pushing for continued reforms by the authorities.”

Speaking about the Karabakh settlement, Heffern regretted the recent deadly border incidents and reminded about the latest statement of the leaders of the three OSCE Minsk Group co-chair countries, including the United States, made from the G-20 summit in Los Cabos, Mexico, last week.

“What they said was to reiterate that there is only peaceful solution; there can be no military solution to the Karabakh conflict. They called against violence,” he said adding that the same calls were voiced by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during her recent visit to Armenia in June.

“The three co-chairs in the negotiations are promoting military confidence-building measures, specifically, the withdrawal of snipers from the line of contact and the borders, establishment of mechanism to investigate any inci-

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dents. We wish to push for confidence-building measures and we are hopeful that if they are approved it will decrease the violence along the line of contact and on the border,” Heffern said.

Edward Nalbandian: Conflict Settlement Impossible Without Kara- bakh's Involvement

YEREVAN -- The settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is out of the question unless the country is involved in the current peace talks, FM Edward Nalbandian told the Armenpress News Agency in an interview.

Commenting on the outcomes of his meeting with President Bako Sahakian in Stepanakert earlier today, Armenia’s top diplomat said that they had discussed the Minsk Group-mediated ne- gotiation process.

Noting that the co-chairs permanently hold consultations with the country’s leadership, Nal- bandian said: “The mediators are visiting the region in about ten days and they will be in Ste- panakert with that purpose. I would like to emphasize once again that no settlement of the con- flict is possible without Nagorno-Karabakh’s participation.”

Nalbandian further referred to President Serzh Sarkisian’s statement at the 2011 Kazan summit, when the Armenian leader said that the Basic Principles cannot be considered coordi- nated unless there is an approval by Nagorno-Karabakh. “And once the Basic Principles are agreed upon, the elaboration of a peace agreement is impossi- ble without Karabakh,” Nalbandian added.

Marriott Assumes Management of

Adigaz Hotel in Tsakhkadzor Marriott Company, the only internationally managed hotel brand in Armenia, is expanding its

presence in the country by taking the management of the Adigaz rest house in Tsakhkadzor, The complex previously owned by ArmRosGazprom will be called Tsaghkadzor Marriott Hotel

and after renovation will be included in the international Marriott hotel chain. “Together with our partners from ArmRosGazprom we want to create opportunities for career de- velopment, as well as conditions for the recreation of our guests,” said Tuomas Laakso, Director In- ternational Hotel Development, Marriott International Inc.

Syrian Armenians Struggling

to Reach Armenia YEREVAN -- Ethnic Armenians keen to flee escalating violence in Syria have limited options

of taking refuge in Armenia as all the tickets for a single flight service currently existing between the two countries have been booked until September. Some of them have had to take a risky journey by bus, crossing three borders before reaching a safer country.

Svetlana Hovannisian, who manages the Yerevan office of Syrian Airlines carrying out Aleppo-Yerevan flights, said a rise in passenger traffic is not unusual for summer months. “Now the number of passengers has also increased in connection with the events in Syria. Many ethnic Arme- nians are coming from there to Armenia,” she told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am).

Armenia’s national air carrier, Armavia, stopped flying to Aleppo at the end of March, citing the escalating situation in conflict-torn Syria. It has decided to resume the service on July 9 follow- ing a reported personal request from Catholicos Garegin II, the head of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

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The Armavia spokeswoman, Nana Avetisova, explained that the company also took into ac- count numerous requests from members of Syria’s 80,000-strong Armenian community.

Meanwhile, ethnic Armenians from Syria have tried to find other ways of returning to their an- cestral homeland. An airline manager said many of them cannot afford the more expensive flights to Armenia via third countries, while traveling by land is seen as potentially dangerous.

Ani Melkonian and her husband Mikael Garabed took that risk when they left Aleppo for Yere- van by bus a few months ago. The couple and their three children -- the 13-year-old Levon, 11- year-old Alice and 18-month-old Gevorg -- crossed two borders, with Turkey and Georgia, before arriving safely in Armenia.

“The war in Syria intensified, religious problems emerged. Everyone there started fearing for their lives. People in Syria don’t know what will happen next,” Melkonian told RFE/RL’s Armenian service. “We came from Aleppo by bus, it took us 36 hours to make the journey. We couldn’t afford to buy air tickets... We just wanted to get to a safe place so that our kids could live in a secure en- vironment. We also wanted them to come to their homeland and grow up here.”

Melkonian said their friends and relatives in Aleppo, with whom they remain in touch, con- tinue to live in “a very dangerous situation” amid daily sounds of gunfire and explosions and news of people being kidnapped and held to ransom. She said some of them too want to come to Armenia but are afraid to travel there by bus while affordable air flights are no longer available.

“Those who have money can afford to go abroad, but those who don’t have to stay there. Our journey was a safe one. We managed to escape,” explained the 38-year-old woman.

When Melkonian and her family came to Armenia they were first provided with temporary housing with the help of the Red Cross. They then moved to a hostel located in a northeastern Yere- van suburb where they currently reside.

Life in Armenia is clearly hard for the family. Melkonian’s 41-year-old husband is a profes- sional jeweler but he is now getting retrained to be able to find a job in Yerevan. In the meantime, Melkonian said, the family has to live off money borrowed from relatives and friends and rely on humanitarian aid from charities.

“We have lots of needs – we need food, money, furniture for this place... It is good that we are all in our homeland. If we have proper conditions... it is a good city, a beautiful city. If we can earn a living, it’ll be alright,” said Ani Melkonian.

While it is still unclear what steps the Armenian government is taking to help many Syrian- Armenians caught in the conflict, a senior government official assured RFE/RL that “all options are being considered.”

Musa Dagh General Theme of First International Conference on Genocide Studies in the Czech Republic

“Mountains of Moses: Revolt, Resistance and Rescuing of the Victims of Mass Extermination in the 20th Century” was the theme of the 1st International Conference on Genocide Studies in the Czech Republic, held in the capital of Prague from June 18-20, 2012. The theme drew inspiration from the Musa Dagh resistance to the Armenian Genocide in 1915, a saga that was immortalized by Franz Werfel in the novel, The Forty Days of Musa Dagh.

The conference was organized by the Archaeology of Evil Research Centre (AERC) as part of the NINE GATES Festival that annually promotes Jewish culture in the Czech Republic and else- where in Europe. This year’s festival, including the conference, enjoyed the patronage of the President of the Czech Parliament, the Prime Minister, a number of ministries, and the embassies of China, Spain, and Sweden.

The mission of the AERC is “to reflect causality and motives of historical genocides and mass violence on the basis of comparative interdisciplinary research, to gather specific primary and secondary data on genocides and mass murders during the world history, and explore new ways of dissemination of research results. Long-term objective of the Centre is to introduce and establish the Genocide Studies discipline in the Czech Republic.”

The objectives of the conference were: to introduce the scope and method of Genocide Stud- ies in the Czech Republic; to analyze historical events of revolt, resistance and rescue of the vic-

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tims of mass extermination/genocides in the 20th century within the relevant historical context; to compare selected historical events on the basis of common aspects.

The opening ceremony took place on June 18 at the Viola Theater. Pavel Zuna, a well- known Czech TV personality, introduced the conference participants and invited Tigran S. Seira- nian, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Armenia to the Czech Republic, to deliver the inaugural address. In his statement, the Ambassador made reference to Werfel as a native son of Prague, informing the audience that on April 24 of each year the Arme- nian community in Prague places wreaths at the houses where the author was born and had lived. Mr. Seiranian also indicated that the Turkish Government continues to deny the Armenian Geno- cide, thereby continuing the process of genocide. A representative group of Armenians including the Very Reverend Barsegh Pilavjyan, spiritual head of the Armenians in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, Hakob Asatryan, chief editor of the local Orer (Days) Armenian periodi- cal, artists, and professionals were also present.

The Ambassador’s speech was followed by an impressive thematic performance of Czech poet Pavel Zajchek’s new poetry, titled “Lives? Or Vicious Circles?” with the accompaniment of the underground DG 307 band. The evening concluded with a reception.

On the following day, June 19, the conference began at the Protestant Theological Faculty of Charles University with a keynote lecture by Dr. Paul A. Levine, Associate Professor and Docent of Holocaust History at the Hugo Valentin Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden. Titled “Genocide Studies Today: An Overview and Analysis,” the lecture briefly explored “the ‘histories’ of the two fields [of Holocaust and Genocide], their conflicts and areas of growing comity, and what the future might hold for these two dynamic and multi-disciplinary scholarly fields, both of which have high and still growing social relevance.”

Next, in order to provide the audience—consisting mainly of professors, university students, diplomats, and other interested persons—with a general background about the Armenian exter- mination and dispossession, Andrew Goldberg’s hour-long documentary, titled “The Armenian Genocide” (2006), was shown on a large screen.

After the screening, Dr. Vahram Shemmassian, Associate Professor and Director of the Ar- menian Studies Program at California State University, Northridge, and foremost scholar on Musa Dagh, took the podium to discuss and analyze “The Musa Dagh (Mountain of Moses) Resis- tance to the Armenian Genocide.” Based on Ottoman, German, French, British, American, and Armenian archives, his paper covered the following issues: causes of the Genocide; pockets of resistance; introduction to Musa Dagh society; conditions on the eve of the deportation order; ex- istential dilemmas and hard choices; the resistance machine consisting of two components, one civil and one military; the major battles; rescue operations by the French 3rd Mediterranean Squadron; relocation of survivors to a camp near Port Said, Egypt; echoes of the episode in the contemporary international press; and the impact of Werfel’s novel on Armenians and Jews espe- cially.

Dr. Shemmassian concluded his lecture as follows: “The Musa Dagh struggle continues after 97 years. It is a fight against the denial of the Armenian Genocide, because denial is the last act of any genocide. This struggle belongs to all of us, not just the Armenians people. If the slogan ‘Never Again’ should mean anything, we must unite to prevent criminal minds from being born. No economic, political or strategic considerations should take precedence over the recognition and prevention of genocides. Realpolitik cannot be more important than humanity itself; a line must be drawn to preserve civilization. It is my ardent wish and hope that international confer- ences such as this will bring us closer to forming a united front, not just intellectually but also practically, in defeating genocidal tendencies before they are hatched and actualized.”

Prof. Shemmassian likewise made a PowerPoint presentation of vintage photos from his ex- tensive private collection depicting the rescue scenes by the French Navy, the Port Said refugee camp, the Red Cross flag that saved the Musa Daghians, and the inauguration in 1932 of a me- morial monument at Damlajik on Musa Dagh dedicated to the heroic feat as well as a fenced graveyard for the 18 fighters who had lost their lives during the 1915 battles. A question-and- answer session followed.

Tatevik Lazaryan of “Azatutyun” (Liberty) radio in Armenia and HakobAsatryan of Orer magazine then interviewed Prof. Shemmassian separately on a broad range of Armenian issues including, but not limited to, the controversial Protocols signed between Armenia and Turkey and planned activities pertaining to the 100th anniversary of the Genocide worldwide. Prof. Shemmas- sian similarly granted an interview to Reflex, a respected weekly magazine published in Prague with wide circulation (60,000 printed copies and a total readership of 270,000 as of January 2010, according to Wikipedia). The interview is scheduled to appear in mid-July, 2012.

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The “Nanjing Massacre” video presentation constituted an introduction to the Chinese com- ponent of the conference. Zhang Boxing and Li Jiangyong from the Nanjing Massacre Museum in China subsequently lectured on the “Nanjing Safety Zone: The Rescue of Citizens during the Massacre in Nanjing.” They analyzed the establishment, role and significance of that zone in the context of the Sino-Japanese War in the 1930s. The day ended with Charlie Chaplin’s 1940 movie, titled “The Great Dictator.”

On June 20, Alejandro Baer, from the Institute of Sociology, Ludwig Maximillians- Universität, Munich, Germany, talked about “The Rescue of Jews by Spanish Diplomats during the Holocaust: Facts, Myths and Memory Politics.” He explained that the close ties that Spain maintained with Germany throughout World War II enabled some diplomats to grant protection to the victims. This fact was later used as an argument by the Franco government to try to escape from the isolation to which the international community had condemned Spain after the war. The myth that Franco helped the Jews during the Holocaust is sustained in Spain until today.

A related subject was examined by Prof. Paul A. Levine, namely, “Raoul Wallenberg’s Res- cue Activities in Budapest: Myth, or History?” He clarified the fascinating but often troubling relationship between myth and history, a distinction that is of particular importance for the field of Holocaust/Genocide studies.

The afternoon session began with two documentaries: “Revolt in the Sobibor Camp” and the “Living Dead.” Last but not least, Dr. Igor Bartosik, a historian-researcher at the Museum Auschwitz Birkenau, Poland, delved into the “Underground Activity and Revolt of Prisoners from the Sonderkommando KL Auschwitz” in a comparative approach, all along showing hitherto un- known documents and pictures. The conference ended with concluding discussions and remarks by the organizers and participants.

It is significant to note that, after the conclusion of the conference, the Turkish Embassy in Prague contacted and had a meeting with two of the main organizers of the conference to express its dissatisfaction regarding the inclusion of Musa Dagh, i.e., the Armenian Genocide, in the pro- gram. It was a “controversial historical event,” the Turkish officials contended, and therefore other scholars should also have been invited to tell the “other side” of the story. In their re- sponse, the conference organizers cited the recognition of the Armenian Genocide as a historical fact by the International Association of Genocide Scholars and President Barak Obama’s annual statements about the great calamity. They similarly stated that the purpose of the conference was not to present different views on proven genocides such as that of the Armenians. At the end of the encounter the two organizers were provided with books about the “Turkish view,” as well as invited to Istanbul to study the Turkish archives. “Mountains of Moses” was a serious and successful event, one that added to the growing number of international conferences on the subject of genocide. The organizers plan to publish the pro- ceedings and to hold similar symposia annually, with different themes.

Armenian Community in Strasbourg

STRASBOURG -- Over 8,000 Armenians live in Strasbourg and Alsace region in France, who has mainly migrated at early 1990s. They are mainly employed in construction and trade.

The priest Ter Vache Hayrapetian was appointed as a spiritual leader of local Armenians and founded the Armenian Church of Strasbourg in 2010.

The first holy liturgy was served on January 6, 2010, celebrating the Birth of Jesus. Since then, the day has become a Day of the church foundation, while the All-Armenian Catholicos Karekin II sent his blessings. A cultural center and a Sunday school function next to the church as well since this year. To note, the priest serves liturgies in other regions, including Nantes and Metz as well.

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US Supreme Court May Hear First Ever Armenian Genocide-Related Lawsuit

By Harut Sassounian Publisher, The California Courier

For the first time, a lawsuit indirectly involving the Armenian Genocide is being appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Since its initial filing in 2003, various federal courts have taken conflicting positions on this lawsuit.

Here is a brief background to the case: In 2000, the California legislature adopted a law -- Section 354.4 of the California Code of Civil Procedure -- extending to 2010 and subsequently to 2016 the deadline for Armenian Genocide victims or their heirs to file claims on insurance policies issued from 1875 to 1923 to persons living in the Ottoman Empire between 1915 and 1923.

In December 2003, several California Armenians filed a class action lawsuit in Federal Court against German insurance companies for refusing to pay the proceeds of life insurance policies purchased by their ancestors in the Ottoman Empire. The German companies, supported by the Turkish government, objected to the lawsuit and sought to have it dismissed. They claimed that the California law authorizing the lawsuit was unconstitu- tional because its reference to the Armenian Genocide conflicted with the federal government’s policy on this is- sue.

When the Federal District Court rejected the insurance companies’ argument on June 6, 2007, they appealed to a panel of three federal judges on the Ninth Circuit Court. In a 2-1 opinion, the judges ruled on August 20, 2009 that the California law conflicted with the Executive Branch’s foreign policy prerogative. The Armenian plaintiffs then sought a rehearing of the case by the same panel of three judges. On December 10, 2010, the majority of the judges ruled that the California statute did not violate the foreign affairs doctrine.

Unhappy with this reversal, the German companies appealed to the full (en banc) Ninth Circuit Court. By a unanimous decision, the panel of 12 federal judges ruled on February 23, 2012 that the California law was un- constitutional, as it “intruded on the federal government’s foreign affairs power.” Using the rarely-invoked doc- trine of “field preemption,” the judges ruled that Section 354.4 was unconstitutional not due to any conflict with specific actions of the federal government, but because it dealt with an area of exclusive federal responsibility, namely foreign relations.

On June 22, 2012 Igor Timofeyev of Paul Hastings LLP, Counsel for the Armenian plaintiffs, asked the U.S. Su- preme Court to review the case. He argued that this is the “perfect vehicle to clarify the foreign affairs preemp- tion doctrine” and that “the Ninth Circuit’s unwarranted expansion of the field preemption doctrine would...imperil numerous state laws dealing with traditional areas of state competency.” Citing congressional and executive branch pronouncements favoring the recognition of the Armenian Genocide, Timofeyev pointed out that the US government not only did not object to the Armenian Genocide resolutions issued by various states over the years, but in fact welcomed them, as Pres. Obama had done in his statement of April 24, 2012.

Meanwhile, a Supreme Court ruling in another case may have improved the prospects for the Armenian appeal. Just days after Timofeyev filed his petition, the Supreme Court issued a ruling on an Arizona statute dealing with undocumented immigrants. The Arizona case raised the very issue that is at the heart of the Ninth Circuit's en banc decision on Armenian insurance policies, namely whether a state law that could indirectly impact foreign relations in a particular area is subject to “field preemption” even in the absence of federal action in that area.

In ruling on the Arizona case, several justices found no preemption in the Arizona statute. Even the majority, which found some preemption in the Arizona statute, severely limited the application of the field preemption doc- trine. Specifically, the Court ruled that, while states cannot act in an area where the federal government has a “complete,” “integrated and all-embracing” regulatory system, they can do so where the federal government has “expressed no more than a ‘peripheral concern’” or “done nothing to suggest it is inappropriate” for the states to act.

These statements provide strong support for overturning the Ninth Circuit's en banc decision on the Armenian insurance claims. That point will no doubt be urged on the Supreme Court by the plaintiffs and in the amicus briefs to be filed by the Armenian Bar Association and others.

This lawsuit is basically about non-payment of valid insurance claims and not about genocide recognition. Ger- man insurance companies are shamefully exploiting the genocide issue simply to avoid paying long overdue benefits to insurance claimants.

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It is not known at this time if the Supreme Court will take up this appeal, since it accepts for review only a small

number of cases each year.

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