Loussapatz 944 2012 07 21

ԹԻՒ 944 ՇԱԲԱԹ, 21 ՅՈՒԼԻՍ 2012

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ԾԱՆՕԹԱՆԱԼ ՀԱՅ ԳԻՏՆԱԿԱՆՆԵՐՈՒ

Armenians in Science

Levon Mikhailovich Chailakhyan

June 21, 1928, Yerevan - February 23, 2009 Was a Russian physiologist, biophysicist, and embryologist of Armenian origin, also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Chailakhyan together with B.N. Veprintsev, T.A. Sviridova, and V.A. Nikitin were the first to have cloned a mammal, Masha the Mouse. The report of this feat was published

in 1987, ten years before the famous Dolly the Sheep.

1

 ́àÈàðÜ 3⁄4È ¶ÆîoÜ« Â3⁄4 ÆÜâ Î2Ú Â1⁄4oÜàô îoðoôÆ î2Î

Ü2ÚÆð2 Ð2ÚðàôØo2Ü

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ Ý»ñùÇÝ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý 13ë3õáñáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ Ûëï3Ï ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ¦ÏáÕÙÝáñáßÙ3ݧ μ3ó3Ï3ÛáõÃÇõÝÝ 31⁄21áõÙ »Ý 3é3çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ 1⁄23Ý·áõ3Í3ÛÇÝ Éñ3ï- áõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ íñ3Û:  ́31⁄2Ù3ÃÇõ 3õ3Ý13Ï3Ý Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ« Û3ïÏ3å¿ë Ñ»éáõë- ï3ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ« Ï3ñÍ»ë Ïáñóñ»É »Ý ÏáÕÙÝáñáßÇãÝ»ñÁ »õ ã·Çï»Ý« ÿ ÇÝãå¿ë 3ñ- Ó3·3Ýù»É ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý 3ñï3ùÇÝ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ÏáõñëÇ ï3ï3ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ: ÐÝ3ñ3õáñ ¿« Ýñ3Ýù å3ñ1⁄23å¿ë ëå3ëáõÙ »Ý« ÿ »ñμ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ ÏÁ Ï3ï3ñÇ ¦13ñÓ Ç ßñç3Ýë Çõñ§:

ÐÐÎ-Ý ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ ·ÉË3õáñáõû3Ùμ« ÇÝãå¿ë Û3ÛïÝÇ ¿« Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»É ¿ Ð3- Û3ëï3ÝÇ »õñáå3Ï3Ý ÏáÕÙÝáñáßÙ3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ »õ 3ÝáõÙ ¿ 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã« áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç 3ßÝ3ÝÝ 2ëáó3óÙ3Ý å3ÛÙ3Ý3·Çñ ÏÝùÇ oõñáå3ÛÇ ØÇáõû3Ý Ñ»ï: 1⁄4áõ·3Ñ»é3μ3ñ 2ñ»õÙáõï- ùÁ ÙÇçáó3éáõÙÝ»ñ ¿ Ó»éÝ3ñÏáõÙ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÝ 3å3ßñç3÷3Ï»Éáõ »õ Ð3Û3ëï3Ý- ÂáõñùÇ3 »ñÏ3ÃáõÕáõ μ3óÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ: èáõë3ëï3ÝÝ« Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ« ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ å3Ñ»É Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÝ Çñ 31⁄21»óáõû3Ý áÉáñïáõÙ« û·ï3·áñÍ»Éáí Ù»ñà μÉÇÃÁ« Ù»ñà Ùïñ3ÏÁ:

Ð3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõÙ 3Û1 Ù»ï3Ùáñýá1⁄2Ý»ñÁ ·ñ»Ã¿ ï»ë3Ý»ÉÇ ã»Ý: 2Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ ·»ñ313ëáõÙ »Ý ãËûë»É Ý3»õ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñÁ: ÐÝ3ñ3õáñ ¿« 1ñ3ÝáõÙ 1»ñ áõÝÇ Ý3»õ ÇÝ»ñóÇ3Ý© »ñÏ3ñ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï åñáéáõë3Ï3Ý 1ÇñùáñáßáõÙÁ Ñ3Ù3ñõáõÙ ¿ñ ÝáÛÝ3Ï3Ý åñáÇßË3Ý3Ï3ÝÇÝ: èáõë3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ3ëó¿ÇÝ Ù»Õ31ñ3ÝùÝ»ñÝ áõ ÝáÛÝÇëÏ Ïßï3Ùμ3ÝùÝ»ñÁ ·ñ»Ã¿ Ëéáí3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝ ¿ÇÝ 1Çï3ñÏõáõÙ« ÇëÏ åñá3ñ»õÙï»3Ý 1Çñùá- ñáßáõÙÁ Ñ3Ù3ñõáõÙ ¿ñ ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý« »õ áõñ»ÙÝa å»ïáõû3Ý 1¿Ù 13õ31ñáõÃÇõÝ:

ÆßË3Ýáõû3Ý áõÕÕ3Ñ3Û»3óÁ ã3÷31⁄23Ýó å3ñ1⁄2 ¿ña ï»Õ3Ï3Ý ÇßË3ÝÝ»ñ« ûÉÇ- ·3ñËÝ»ñ« áñáß3ÏÇ ï3ñ3ÍùÝ»ñ Ï3Ù áÉáñïÝ»ñ ïÝûñÇÝáÕÝ»ñ« Ñ3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý ÇßË3- ÝáõÃÇõÝ »õ í»ñç3å¿ëa Îñ»ÙÉ: 2ÛÅÙ áõÕÕ3Ñ3Û»3óÁ ×»Õùáõ»É ¿ 2 ï»ÕÇó© ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó« áñáß ûÉÇ·3ñËÝ»ñ 1313ñ»É »Ý áñå»ë ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝ ÁÝ1áõÝáõ»É« ÇëÏ ÙÇõë ÏáÕÙÇóa áõÕÇÕ Ï3åÁ oñ»õ3ÝáõÙ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý 3ßË3ï3Ï31⁄2ÙÇ »õ Îñ»ÙÉÇ ÙÇç»õ 1313ñ»É ¿ 3Û1- ù3Ý ÙÇ3Ýß3Ý3Ï ÉÇÝ»É:

 ́31⁄2Ù3ÃÇõ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñ »õ Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Çñûù ã·Çï»Ý ÇÝãå¿ë 3ñ- Ó3·3Ýù»É: Üñ3Ýù ëáíáñ»É »Ý »ÉÝ»É ¦Ù¿Ï-ÙÇ3ëÝ3Ï3ݧ 1ÇñùáñáßáõÙÇóa μ3ñÇÏ31Ç ÙÇ ÏáÕÙáõÙ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ ¿« ûÉÇ·3ñËÝ»ñÁ »õ ØáëÏáõ3Ý« ÙÇõë ÏáÕÙáõÙa Ñ3ë3ñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ« ¦Í3Ëáõ3ͧ ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝÁ »õ 2ñ»õÙáõïùÁ: 2ÛÅÙ« »ñμ 3Ù¿Ý ÇÝã Ë3éÝáõ»É ¿« »õ ÇßË3- ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ 3ñ1¿Ý ÙÇ3Ýß3Ý3Ï åñáéáõë3Ï3Ý ãÇ Ñ3Ù3ñõáõÙ« ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñÇÝ áõ Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇÝ ÙÝáõÙ ¿ ¦ÁÝïñ»É§ ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý »õ èáõë3ëï3ÝÇ ÙÇç»õ:

ø3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñÇ áõ Éñ3ïáõ3ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ·»ñ3ÏßÇé Ù3ëÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ« áñáÝù ãáõÝ»Ý ÇÝùÝáõñáÛÝ 1ÇñùáñáßáõÙÝ»ñ« ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ 3Ù»Ý3Ù»Í å3ïÇÅÝ ¿« áñáíÑ»ï»õ Ï3åáõ3Í ¿ éÇëÏ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: oÿ Ïßï3Ùμ»ë ÇßË3Ýáõû3ÝÁ åñá3ñ»õÙï3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý Ñ3- Ù3ñ »õ 3ç3Ïó»ë èáõë3ëï3ÝÇÝa ÁÝ11ÇÙáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ 13éÝ3ë« Ïßï3Ùμ»ë èáõë3ëï3ÝÇÝa Û3ÛïÝÇ ã¿« ÿ 13 ÇÝãáí Ïÿ3õ3ñïáõÇ: ì»ñçÇí»ñçáÛ« èáõë3ëï3ÝÁ Ï3ñáÕ ¿ í»ñ313ñÓ- Ý»É 1Çñù»ñÁ« »õ 3Û1 Å3Ù3Ý3Ï Ñ3ñÏ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ í×3ñ»É ÇÝùÝáõñáÛÝ ¦ÁÝïñáõû3ݧ Ñ3- Ù3ñ:

 ́Ý3Ï3Ý3μ3ñ« 13 í»ñ3μ»ñáõÙ ¿ áã μáÉáñ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñÇÝ áõ Éñ3ïáõ3- ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇÝ« áñáíÑ»ï»õ ß3ï»ñÝ 3ñ»É »Ý Çñ»Ýó ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÁ: ê3Ï3ÛÝ ÑÇÙÝ3Ï3Ý 1⁄23Ý·áõ3ÍÁ ß3ñáõÝ3ÏáõÙ ¿ ï3ï3Ýáõ»É 2ñ»õÙáõïùÇ »õ èáõë3ëï3ÝÇ ÙÇç»õa ÷áñÓ»- Éáí Ëáõë3÷»É éÇëÏ»ñÇó »õ 3é3õ»É3·áÛÝ û·áõï ù3Õ»É:

èáõë3ëï3ÝÇ »õ 2ñ»õÙáõïùÇ Ñ»ï Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Û3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ã»Ù3Ý ß3ï Ýáõñμ ¿: 2ÛÝ ß3ñáõÝ3ÏáõÙ ¿ ÇÝ»ñóÇ3Ûáí ÙÝ3É 3Ù»Ý3ï3μáõ ûÙ3Ý»ñÇó Ù¿ÏÁ« ãÝ3Û3Í μáÉáñÁ Ñ3ëÏ3ÝáõÙ »Ý« áñ 3ÛÝ 13ñÓ»É ¿ áã ÙÇ3ÛÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ« 3ÛÉ»õ áÕç ï3ñ3Í3ßñ- ç3ÝÇ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÝ»ñÇ 3é3ÝóùÁ: ê3Ï3ÛÝ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ 1»é»õë 3ÙûÃ-

2

Ë3Í Ã3ùóÝáõÙ »Ý 3Û1 ûÙ3Ý Ã1⁄2»Ýáõ ï»ñ»õáí« ãÝ3Û3Í μáÉáñÝ ¿É ·Çï»Ý« ÿ ÇÝã ¿ 1ñ3 ï3Ï Ã3ùÝáõ3Í:

¶ñ»Ã¿ ÝáÛÝ íÇ×3ÏáõÙ »Ý Ñ3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý Í3·Ù3Ùμ éáõë3ëï3Ý»3Ý ·áñÍ3ñ3ñÝ»ñÁ: Ð3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý Ù3ÙáõÉáõÙ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÇõÝ Ññ3å3ñ3Ïáõ»ó« áñ ûñ»ñë Ð3Û3ëï3Ý ÏÁ ·3Ý Ï3Ù 3ñ1¿Ý »Ï»É »Ý 2ñ3 2μñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÁ« ê3Ùáõ¿É Î3ñ3å»ï»3ÝÁ« Î3ñ¿Ý Î3ñ3å»ï»3ÝÁ« Øáõñ3ï»3Ý »Õμ3ÛñÝ»ñÁ: Üñ3Ýù ó3ÝÏ3ÝáõÙ »Ý å3ñ1⁄2»É« ÿ ÇÝãå¿ë å¿ïù ¿ Çñ»Ýó å3Ñ»Ý Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁïÝñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï« 3é3õ»É »õë« áñ Ýñ3Ýù éáõë3Ï3Ý ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý 3é3ç ¦å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõ »Ý§ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ»ï Ï3å»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ:

Î3Ù ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ Ýñ3Ýó »ñ3ßËÇùÝ»ñ ï3Û« áñ áÕç 3Ûë åñá3ñ»õÙï- »3Ý ù3Õ3ù3Ï3ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Ë3Õ ¿ »õ ãÇ å3ï3ñëïõáõÙ ¦13õ3×3ݻɧ èáõë3ëï3ÝÇÝ« Ï3Ù ¿É ¦ÃáÛ É ï3Û§ éáõë3Ï3Ý μÇ1⁄2Ý»ëÇÝ ·Ý3É 3ÛÉ Ã»ÏÝ3ÍáõÇ Ùûï« áí ÏÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñÇ åñáéáõë3Ï3Ý 1ÇñùáñáßÙ3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ:

ê3Ï3ÛÝ 3Ûëï»Õ ¿É ûÙ3Ý Ñ31⁄2Çõ ÿ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï3ÛÝûñ¿Ý ùÝÝ3ñÏáõÇ« ÇëÏ 13 Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ Û3Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ Ýñ3Ý« áñ 3ßË3ñÑ3ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ÏáÕÙáÝáñáßÙ3Ý Ï3ñ»õáñ3·áÛÝ Ñ3ñóÁ ãÇ 13éÝáõÙ Ñ3ë3ñ3Ï3Ï3Ý 1ÇëÏáõñë: 2ÛÝ í»ñ ¿ 3ÍõáõÙ 3é3ÝÓÇÝ ·áñÍÇãÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßÙ3Ý Ù3Ýñ« ß3ñù3ÛÇÝ Ñ3ñóÇ« ãÝ3Û3Í 3ÛÉ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßÙ3Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝÁ 13éÝáõÙ ¿ å3ïÙáõû3Ý Ýß3ÓáÕ:

¦Èð2¶Æð§

êîoö2Ü2ÎoðîÆ ú ̧2Ü2ô2Î2Ú2ÜÆ Ð2ðòàì 2îðä3⁄4ÚÖ2Ü àôÜÆ î2ð ́oð ØoÎÜ2 ́2ÜàôÂÆôÜ

êï»÷3Ý3Ï»ñïÇ û13Ý3õ3Ï3Û3ÝÇ ·ÉË3õáñ ß¿ÝùÁ

ØØ»ÏÝ3μ3Ý»Éáí È»éÝ3ÛÇÝ Ô3ñ3μ3- ÕÇ û13Ý3õ3Ï3Û3ÝÁ μ3Ý3Éáõ Íñ3·ñ»- ñÇÝ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É o2ÐÎ-Ç ØÇÝëÏÇ ËáõÙ- μÇ Ñ3Ù3Ý3Ë3·3ÑÝ»ñáõ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ, 2ïñå¿Û×3ÝÇ 2ñï3ùÇÝ ¶áñÍáó Ý3Ë3ñ3ñáõû3Ý Ù3ÙáõÉÇ Í3é3Ûáõ- û3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñ 3⁄4ÉÙ3Ý 2μïáõÉ3»õ Áë3Í ¿,- ¦o2ÐÎ-Ç ØÇÝëÏÇ ËáõÙμÇ Ñ3Ù3Ý3- Ë3·3ÑÝ»ñÁ Çñ»Ýó Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõû3Ý Ù¿ç ÏáÕÙ»ñáõÝ Ïáã Áñ3Í »Ýa ·áñÍ»É ÙÇ- ç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Çñ3õáõÝùÇ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ë- Ë3Ý: Ð3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Çñ3õáõÝ- ùÇ‘ 2ïñå¿Û×3ÝÇ ·ñ3õáõ3Í ï3ñ3ÍùÝ»-

ñáõ íñ3Ûáí ÃéÇãùÝ»ñÁ 3ÝûñÇÝ3Ï3Ý »Ý§: 2Ýó»3É ß3μ3à ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3Ý Ï3ï3ñ3Í Çñ»Ýó 3ÛóÇ 3éÃÇõ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï3Í Û3Û-

ï3ñ3ñáõû3Ý Ù¿ç ØÇÝëÏÇ ËáõÙμÇ ÙÇçÝáñ1Ý»ñÁ 3Ý1ñ313ñÓ3Í ¿ÇÝ Ý3»õ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕÇ Ù¿ç μ3óáõ»ÉÇù û13Ý3õ3Ï3Û3ÝÇÝ‘ Û3ÛïÝ»Éáí, ÿ Çñ»Ýó Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ íëï3Ñ»óáõó3Í »Ý, áñ Ó»éÝå3Ñ ÏÁ ÙÝ3Ý ù3Õ3ù3óÇ3Ï3Ý û13Ý3õ»ñáõ 1¿Ù áõÅÇ ÏÇñ3éáõÙ¿Ý, Ï3Ù 3ÝáÝó 1¿Ù ëå3éÝ3ÉÇùÝ»ñ¿Ý »õ ËÝ1ÇñÁ ÏÁ ÉáõÍ»Ý 1Çõ3Ý3·Ç- ï3Ï3Ý ×3Ý3å3ñÑáía Ëáõë3÷»Éáí Ñ3ñóÇ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý3óáõÙ¿Ý:

¦Ð3Ù3Ý3Ë3·3ÑÝ»ñÁ í»ñ3Ñ3ëï3ï»óÇÝ, áñ 3Ûë û13Ý3õ3Ï3Û3ÝÇ ·áñÍ3ñÏáõÙÁ ãÇ ÏñÝ3ñ û·ï3·áñÍáõÇÉ áñå¿ë ÷3ëï3ñÏa È»éÝ3ÛÇÝ Ô3ñ3μ3ÕÇ Ï3ñ·3íÇ×3ÏÇ ÷á- ÷áËáõû3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ åÝ1áõÙÝ»ñáõÝ Ç Ýå3ëï »õ ÏáÕÙ»ñáõÝ Ïáã Áñ3Í »Ýa ·áñÍ»É ÙÇç31⁄2- ·3ÛÇÝ Çñ3õáõÝùÇ ëÏ1⁄2μáõÝùÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ »õ Ý»ñÏ3Û å3ÑÇÝ Çñ»Ýó ï3ñ3Íùáí ÃéÇãùÝ»ñáõ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óÙ3Ý ·áñÍáÕ Ï3ñ·ÇÝ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3ݧ, - Áëáõ3Í ¿ñ ØÇÝëÏÇ ÊáõÙμÇ Ñ3Ù3Ý3Ë3·3ÑÝ»ña èáμ»ñ1 äñ31Ï¿Ç, Æ·áñ äáåáíÇ »õ Ä3ù üáñÇ Û3Ûï3ñ3- ñáõû3Ý Ù¿ç:

3

Ð2Ú2êî2Ü 2ÚòoÈoò oôðàä2ÚÆ Ø3⁄4æ 2ØoðÆÎo2Ü 1⁄4úðøoðàô Ðð2Ø2Ü2î2ðÀ

1⁄4ûñ3í3ñ Ø3ñù Ð3ñÃÉÇÝÏ

UÚáõÉÇë 18-ÇÝ ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3Ý3ÛÇÝ 3ÛóÇ ßñç3·ÇÍ¿Ý Ý»ñë Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ð3Ýñ3å»ïáõÃÇõÝ 3Ûó»É»ó oõñáå3ÛÇ Ù¿ç ØÇ3ó»3É Ü3Ñ3Ý·Ý»ñáõ ó3Ù3ù3ÛÇÝ 1⁄2ûñù»ñáõ Ññ3- Ù3Ý3ï3ñ 1⁄2ûñ3í3ñ Ø3ñù Ð3ñÃÉÇÝÏÇ ·ÉË3õáñ3Í å3ï- áõÇñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ:

oñ»õ3ÝÇ Ù¿ç 3Ù»ñÇÏ3óÇ 1⁄2ûñ3í3ñÇÝ ÁÝ1áõÝ»óÇÝ ÐÐ å3ßïå3Ýáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3ñ3ñ ê¿Ûñ3Ý úÑ3Ý»3Ý »õ ÐÐ 1⁄4ÇÝ- áõ3Í àõÅ»ñáõ ·ÉË3õáñ ßï3μÇ å»ï oáõñÇ Ê3ã3ïáõñáí: Ð3Ý1ÇåáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ ùÝÝ3ñÏáõ3Í »Ý øáëáíáÛÇ Ù¿ç 3Ù»ñÇÏ»3Ý 1⁄2ûñ3ËáõÙμÇ Ï31⁄2Ù¿Ý Ý»ñë Ñ3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý Ë3Õ3- Õ3å3Ñ ëïáñ3μ3Å3ÝáõÙÇÝ 3éÝãáõáÕ Ñ3ñó»ñÁ:

Ð3Ý1ÇåáõÙÝ»ñáõ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ »ñÏáõëï»ù 3ñ- Ó3Ý3·ñ3Í »Ý å3ßïå3Ýáõû3Ý áÉáñï¿Ý Ý»ñë Ñ3Û-3Ù»ñÇÏ»3Ý Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ïóáõ-

û3Ý μ3ñÓñ Ù3Ï3ñ13ÏÁ »õ 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3Ý Ñ»é3ÝÏ3ñÝ»ñÁ: Ø3ñù Ð3ñÃÉÇÝÏÇ ·ÉË3õáñ3Í å3ïáõÇñ3ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ 3Ûó»É3Í ¿ Ý3»õ ì31⁄2·¿Ý

ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇ 3Ýáõ3Ý é31⁄2Ù3Ï3Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõï »õ Ý»ñÏ3Û ·ïÝáõ3Í ¿ ÐÐ 1⁄4ÇÝáõ3Í àõÅ»- ñáõ ëïáñ3μ3Å3ÝáõÙÝ»ñáõ Ù3ñï3Ï3Ý Ñ»ñÃ3å3Ñáõû3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåÙ3Ý ÷áñÓ»- ñáõÝ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3»õ 3ñï»ñÏñÇ Ù¿ç ÐÐ 1⁄2ÇÝáõ3Í áõÅ»ñáõ Ë3Õ3Õ3å3Ñ ëïáñ3μ3Å3Ýáõ- ÙÇ óáõó31ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ:

§ü3⁄4ÚêäàôøƦ ìð2Ú êîoÔÌàô2Ì 3⁄4 ÊàôØ ́a §2Øú §2ðØ2ìÆ2ÆÜ oô êöÆôèøÆ Ü2Ê2ð2ðàôÂo2ܦ 2Üàô2Ø ́

¦ü¿Ûëåáõù§ ÁÝÏ»ñ3ÛÇÝ ó3ÝóÇÝ íñ3Û μ3óáõ3Í ¿ ¦2Ùûà ¦2ñÙ3íÇ3Çݧ »õ ê÷ÇõéùÇ Ý3- Ë3ñ3ñáõû3ݧ 3ÝáõÝáí ËáõÙμ ÙÁ, áñáõÝ Ýå3ï3ÏÝ ¿a ùÝÝ3ñÏ»É áõ Ùß3Ï»É ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝ- Ý»ñ, ÿ DZÝãå¿ë Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ û·Ý»É êáõñÇáÛ Ù¿ç μÝ3ÏáÕ Ñ3Û»ñáõÝ:

¦ü¿Ûëåáõùǧ û·ï3ï¿ñ ÚáíÇÏ 2Ãáù»3Ý Ð3Û3ëï3Ý¿Ý å3Ñ3ÝçáõáÕ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ó»õ3Ï»ñå3Í »õ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõó3Í ¿ Ñ»ï»õ»3É Ó»õáí. ¦2ñÙ3íÇ3ݧ å¿ïù ¿ í»ñ3Ý3ÛÇ ïáÙëÇ ·ÇÝ»ñÁ, Ï31⁄2ÙáõÇ êáõñÇ3Û¿Ý »Ï3ÍÝ»ñáõ ï»Õ3õáñÙ3Ý ÏáÙÇï¿, áñ å¿ïù ¿ 1⁄2μ3ÕÇ 3ÝáÝó ï»- Õ3õáñÙ3Ý Ñ3ñó»ñáí, ëáõñÇ3Ñ3Û»ñáõÝ å¿ïù ¿ 3ç3ÏóáõÃÇõÝ ïñáõÇ 3é3Ýó 1Çõ3Ý3Ï3É3Ï3Ý ù3ßùßáõùÇ‘ μÝ3Ï3ñ3ÝÝ»ñ ·Ý»Éáõ Ñ3ñóáí, ó3ÝÏ3óáÕÝ»ñáõÝ û·Ý»Éa μÝ3ÏáõÃÇõÝ Ñ3ëï3ï»- Éáõ 2ñó3Ë »õ í»ñç3å¿ë 1Çõñ3óÝ»É Ñ3Û3ëï3Ý»3Ý ù3Õ3ù3óÇáõÃÇõÝ ëï3Ý3Éáõ ·áñÍÁÝÃ3- óÁa 3éÝáõ31⁄2Ý Ïñ×3ï»Éáí ëå3ëÙ3Ý 6 3ÙÇë Å3ÙÏ¿ïÁ:

ì»ñç»ñë Ññ3õÇñáõ3Í Ù3ÙáõÉÇ 3ëáõÉÇëÇ ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ, ë÷Çõéù3Ñ3Û»ñÁ ï»Õ»Ï3óáõó3Í »Ý, áñ ¦2ñÙ3íÇ3ݧ‘ å3ÛÙ3Ý3õáñáõ3Í Å3Ù3Ý3Ïáí, ÿ »ñμ ÏÁ ·ÝáõÇ ïáÙëÁ‘ oñ»õ3Ý- Ð3É¿å, Ð3É¿å-oñ»õ3Ý áõÕÕáõû3Ùμ, Ù¿Ï ïáÙëÁ ÏÁ í3×3éáõÇ 460 ïáÉ3ñáí, ÇëÏ Ù¿Ï áõÕÕáõû3Ùμ‘ 380 ïáÉ3ñáí: î»Õ»ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ Ï3ÛÇÝ Ý3»õ 3ÛÝ Ù3ëÇÝ, áñ Ý3Û3Í ÃéÇãùÇ ûñáõ3Ý, ïáÙëÇÝ ·ÇÝÁ ÏñÝ3Û Ñ3ëÝÇÉ ÙÇÝã»õ 700 ïáÉ3ñÇ:

Tert.am-Ç Ñ3ñóáõÙÇÝ Ç å3ï3ëË3Ý ¦2ñÙ3íÇ3ۿݧ Û3ÛïÝ»óÇÝ, áñ í»ñçÇÝ Ù¿Ï 3Ùëáõ3Ý ÁÝÃ3óùÇÝ oñ»õ3Ý-Ð3É¿å ïáÙë»ñÁ í3×3éáõ3Í »Ý ÙÇçÇÝ Ñ3ßáõáí 135 000 1ñ3Ùáí (Ùûï 326 ïáÉ3ñ):

¦oë ã»Ù Ñ3ëÏ3ÝáõÙ ÐÐ-áõÙ 2ñï3ùÇÝ ¶áñÍáó Ü3Ë3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝ ãÏ3±Û Ï3Ù ê÷ÇõéùÇ Ý3Ë3ñ3ñ ãÏ3±Û Ï3Ù 1»ëå3ÝÝ»ñ ãÏ3±Ý: Ð3Û»ñÁ êÇñÇ3ÛáõÙ 1⁄2áÑõáõÙ »Ý, ëñ3Ýù ëï»Õ ¦2ñÇ ïáõݧ »Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÙ... Ñ3~ Ñ3ëÏ3ó3Ýù, ÷áÕ Ï3±Û...§,-·ñ3Í ¿ ËáõÙμÇÝ ÙÇ3ó3Í Ñ3Û3ëï3ÝóÇ û·ï3ï¿ñ»ñ¿Ý Ù¿ÏÁ, áñáõÝ å3ï3ëË3Ý3Í ¿ ¶3·ÇÏ ä3ïÇÏ»3Ý û·ï3ï¿ñÁ Ñ»ï»õ»3É Ëûëù»ñáí.¦ â»Ù Ñ3ëÏÝ3ñ, ÿ ÇÝãáõ ÏÁ 1⁄23ñÙ3Ý3Ýù

4

ÝÙ3Ý μ3Ý»ñ¿: oÏ¿ù Ñ»Õ ÙÁ Ý3ÛÇÝù, ÿ áñáõÝ ÏÁ å3ïÏ3ÝÇ ë3 ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÁ: àÙÝ ØÇ- Ë3ÛÇÉ ä3Õï3ë3éáí, Ù3ñ1 ÙÁ, áñ Ñ3Û ë3Ï3õ3å»ïÝ»ñáõÝ 3Ù¿Ý¿Ý ÷3ÛÉáõÝ ûñÇÝ3Ï- Ý»ñ¿ Ù¿ÏÁ ÏñÝ3Û Ñ3Ý1Çë3Ý3É: лï»õ3μ3ñ, 3É ÇÝãá±õ ÏÁ 1⁄23ñÙ3Ý3Ýù, ÇÝùÁ Ù»Õ3õáñ ã¿, Ù»Õ3õáñÁ 3å31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ï3ññÇÝ Ù»Ý3ïÇñáõÃÇõÝ ïáõáÕÝ ¿, »õ 3Ý, Ñ3ñÏ3õ, åÇïÇ ÷áñÓ¿ ëáõñÇ3Ñ3Û»ñáõ ÙÇçáó3õ ØáëÏáõ3ÛÇÝ Çñ å3ñïù»ñÁ ÷3ϻɧ:

2ñï3ùÇÝ ·áñÍáó Ý3Ë3ñ3ñáõû3Ý ËûëÝ3Ï îÇ·ñ3Ý ä3É3Û»3Ý Ç å3ï3ëË3Ý Ñ3ñó31ñáõÙÝ»ñáõÝ, ÿ DZÝã Ï’ÁÝ¿ ÐÐ 3ñï3ùÇÝ ·áñÍáó Ý3Ë3ñáõÃÇõÝÁ ëáõñÇ3Ñ3Û»- ñáõÝ íÇ×3ÏÁ ûûõóÝ»Éáõ áõÕÕáõû3Ùμ, Ýß»ó, áñ ù3ÛÉ»ñ ÏÁ Ï3ï3ñ¿, ë3Ï3ÛÝ 1Çõ3Ý3- ·Çïáõû3Ý Ù¿ç 3ÝáÝó Ù3ëÇÝ μ3ñÓñ3Ó3ÛÝ»ÉÁ ÁÝ1áõÝáõ3Í ã¿:

ö2êî2 ́2ÜÀ o ̧-Æ àðàÞàôØÀ àð2ÎàôØ 3⁄4 àðä3⁄4ê

§ØoÌ 2äî2Φ Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÆ Æð2ô2ä2ÐÜoðÆÜ

ö3ëï3μ3Ý ì3Ñ¿ ¶ñÇ·áñ»3Ý

oö3ëï3μ3Ý ì3Ñ¿ ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ Çñ ·áñÍáí oõ- ñ313ï3ñ3ÝÇ Ï3Û3óñ3Í áñáßáõÙÁ Ñ3Ù3ñáõÙ ¿

¦Ù»Í 3åï3ϧ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ùÝÝã3Ï3Ý Ù3ñ- ÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ áõ 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõû3ÝÁ:

Ø3ñ1áõ Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñÇ »õñáå3Ï3Ý 13ï3- ñ3ÝÁ 3Ýó3Í ß3μ3à áñáᯐ ¿, áñ ÷3ëï3μ3ÝÇ 1¿Ù 2005 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ ëÏëáõ3Í »õ ÷3ëï3óÇ ÙÇÝã ûñë ß3ñáõÝ3ÏáõáÕ ùñ¿3Ï3Ý Ñ»ï3åÝ1- Ù3Ùμ Ë3ËïõáõÙ ¿ Ýñ3 3ñ13ñ 13ï3ùÝÝáõ- û3Ý Çñ3õáõÝùÁ, ù3ÝÇ áñ 7 ï3ñÇÝ áÕç3ÙÇï Å3ÙÏ¿ï ã¿ ·áñÍÁ ÁÝÃ3óùÇ Ù¿ç å3Ñ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ, »õ 3Û1 Çñ3õáõÝùÇ Ë3ËïÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ å»ïáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ ÷3ëï3μ3ÝÇÝ í×3ñÇ 2500 »õñû: 2ÛëÇÝùÝ ì3Ñ¿ ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÇ 1¿Ù 3ÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï

¦Ë3ñ13Ëáõû3Ý »õ ÷3ëï3ÃÕûñÇ Ï»ÕÍÙ3ݧ Û3ïÏ3ÝÇßÝ»ñáí Û3ñáõóáõ3Í ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁ áã 13ï3ñ3Ý ¿ áõÕ3ñÏõáõÙ, áã Ï3ñ×õáõÙ ¿, »õ áã ¿É Ý3 3ñ13ñ3óõáõÙ ¿:

ÀÝ11ÇÙ31ÇñÝ»ñÇ, Ù3ñïÇÙ¿Ï»3Ý Çñ313ñÓáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ 1⁄2áÑ»ñÇ Ñ3ñ31⁄23ïÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝã- å¿ë Ý3»õ 3Û1 ï3ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ å»ï3Ï3Ý Ï3ñÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ Çñ»Ýó ïÝ»ñÇó μéÝÇ íï3ñáõ3Í ù3Õ3ù3óÇÝ»ñÇ ß3Ñ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝáÕ ì3Ñ¿ ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõ3Í ¿, áñ ë3 áõÕÕáõ3Í ¿ Çñ ÷3ëï3μ3Ý3Ï3Ý ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõû3Ý 1¿Ù:

¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÇ 1¿Ù 3Ûë ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁ Û3ñáõóáõ»É ¿ñ oñ»õ3ÝÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ Çñ»Ýó ïÝ»- ñÇó Ù3ñ1Ï3Ýó áã Ñ3Ù3ñÅ¿ù ÷áËÑ3ïáõóáõÙÝ»ñÇ 1ÇÙ3ó 1⁄23Ý·áõ3Í3μ3ñ μéÝÇ íï3ñ»Éáõ ÿŠ÷áõÉáõÙ: ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ 3ÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï 3Ûë Ù3ñ1Ï3Ýó ß3Ñ»ñÁ å3ßïå3ÝáÕ μ3ó3éÇÏ ÷3ëï3μ3ÝÝ»ñÇó ¿ñ: Ü3 Ó»ñμ3Ï3Éáõ»ó 2005-Ç ÐáÏï»Ùμ»ñÇÝ, Ñ»Ýó 3ÛÝ ûñ»ñÇÝ, »ñμ ÐÇõëÇë3ÛÇÝ åáÕáï3ÛÇ íï3ñáõáÕ μÝ3ÏÇãÝ»ñÁ ëÏë»É ¿ÇÝ ÁÝ1í1⁄2»É »õ μ3ñÇÏ31Ý»ñ Ï3éáõ- ó»É: ¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ ãáñë áõ Ï¿ë 3ÙÇë ÙÝ3ó Ï3É3Ý3õáñáõ3Í, 3Û1 ÁÝÃ3óùáõÙ ï»Õ3Ï3Ý ÙÇ ß3ñù Ñ3ë3ñ3Ï3Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ Ýñ3Ý 3Ýáõ3Ý»óÇÝ ¦ù3Õμ3Ýï3ñÏ»3ɧ, ëÏëáõ»óÇÝ μáÕáùÇ 3ÏóÇ3Ý»ñ, ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ Ùï3Ñá·áõÃÇõÝ Û3Ûï- Ý»óÇÝ Ýñ3Ý 3Ý31⁄23ïáõû3Ý Ù¿ç å3Ñ»Éáõ 3éÝãáõû3Ùμ:

¶ñÇ·áñ»3ÝÁ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõ3Í ¿, áñ Çñ 1¿Ù ¦ßÇÝÍáõ§ ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇ Û3ñáõóáõÙÁ, áñÝ 3å3- óáõóáÕ áñ»õ¿ ÷3ëï ÙÇÝã ûñë ãÇ Û3ÛïÝ3μ»ñáõ»É, å»ïáõû3Ý Ï3ñÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ Çñ»Ýó ïÝ»ñÇó 1⁄2ñÏáõáÕ Ù3ñ1Ï3Ýó ÁÝ1í1⁄2áõÙÁ »õ 13ï3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÝ»ñÁ Ï3ÝË»Éáõ Ýå3ï3Ï áõÝ¿ñ:

ö3ëï3μ3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»ó, áñ ÑÇÙ3‘ oõñ313ï3ñ3ÝÇ í×éÇó Û»ïáÛ, å¿ïù ¿ 1ÇÙÇ, áñ- å¿ë1⁄2Ç í»ñ3óáõÇ Çñ 1¿Ù Û3ñáõóáõ3Í ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇ Ï3ë»óáõÙÁ, áñ Ï3Ù ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝÁ í»ñëÏëáõÇ, Ï3Ù ·áñÍÝ áõÕ3ñÏáõÇ 13ï3ñ3Ý Ï3Ù Ï3ñ×áõÇ »õ ÇÝùÝ 3ñ13ñ3óáõÇ:  ́3óÇ 3Û1 å¿ïù ¿ 3ÝÇ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñÁ, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç oõñ313ï3ñ3ÝÇ ë3ÑÙ3Ý3Í ïáõ·3ÝùÁ í×3ñ»Ý Çñ Çñ3õáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ë3ËïÙ3Ý Ñ3Ù3ñ å3ï3ëË3Ý3ïáõ å3ßïûÝ»3Ý»ñÁ:

5

ÐÜ2ð2ôàð 3⁄4, àð ÆÜîoðÜoîÀ ìoð2ÐêÎàôÆ Ü2oô Ð2Ú2êî2ÜàôØ

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝáõÙ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ïÁ áã ÿ í»ñ3ÑëÏõáõÙ, 3ÛÉ áõëáõÙÝ3ëÇñõáõÙ ¿: ¦ÆÝï»ñÝ»ï Ñ3ÝñáõÃÇõݧ Ñ3ë3ñ3Ï3Ï3Ý Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõû3Ý ÷áËÝ3Ë3·3Ñ ¶ñÇ·áñ ê3Õ»3ÝÇ Ëûëùáí, »Ã¿ Ù»1⁄2 Ùûï Û3ÛïÝ3μ»ñõáõÙ ¿ áñ»õ¿ Ï3ëÏ3Í»ÉÇ å3ñáõÝ3Ïáõû3Ùμ Ï3Ûù¿ç, 3å3 ÙÇ3ÛÝ 13ï3ñ3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý áñáßáõÙÇó Û»ïáÛ ¿ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñ ÉÇÝáõÙ ÷3Ï»É 3ÛÝ:

2Ûë ï3ñÇ  ̧»Ïï»Ùμ»ñÇÝ  ̧áõμ3ÛáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»Ý3Éáõ Ø2Î-Ç Ð»é3Ñ3Õáñ13Ïóáõ- û3Ý ÙÇç31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÙÇáõû3Ý ÏáÝý»ñ3ÝëÁ, áñï»Õ ùÝÝ3ñÏáõ»Éáõ ¿ ÙÇ ÷3ëï3ÃáõÕÃ, áñÇ ÁÝ1áõÝÙ3Ý 1¿åùáõÙ Ï31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõû3Ý 3Ý13Ù »ñÏñÝ»ñÇÝ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ïÁ í»ñ3ÑëÏ»- Éáõ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ ïñáõÇ:

oÿ 3Ûë ÷3ëï3ÃáõÕÃÁ ÁÝ1áõÝáõÇ, 3å3 3ÛÝ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ïÁ í»ñ3ÑëÏ»Éáõ É3ÛÝ ÑÝ3- ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ÏÁ ï3Û Ý3»õ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý Ù3ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ:

¦2é3ç3ñÏõáõÙ ¿ Ñ»é3Ñ3Õáñ13ÏóáõÃÇõÝ Ñ3ëÏ3óáõÃÇõÝÁ ë3ÑÙ3Ý»É áñå¿ë 31⁄2- 13Ýß3ÝÇ ëï3óáõÙ, Ñ3Õáñ1áõÙ »õ Ýáñ Ñ3ëÏ3óáõÃÇõÝ‘ Ùß3ÏáõÙ: 2ÛëÇÝùÝ ûå»ñ3ïáñÁ Ùß3Ï»Éáõ Çñ3õáõÝù ÏÿáõÝ»Ý3Û: Øß3ÏáõÙ μ3éÁ Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ï3ñμ»ñ Ó»õ»ñáí Ù»ÏÝ3μ3Ý»É: Î3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ »’õ ï3é3ëË3ÉÝ»ñ áõÕÕ»É, »’õ μáí3Ý13ÏáõÃÇõÝ ÷á˻ɧ:

öáñÓ3·¿ï Î3ñ¿Ý ¶3ëå3ñ»3ÝÇ Ëûëùáí, Ñ3ÛÏ3Ï3Ý ïÇñáÛÃáõÙ ÑÇÙ3 3õ»ÉÇ ß3ï ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ ÇÝùÝ3í»ñ3ÑëÏáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ: ÊÝ1ÇñÝ»ñ ß3ï ùÇã »Ý 3é3ç3ÝáõÙ, ù3ÝÇ áñ Ù»1⁄2 Ùûï ·Çï»Ý ÇÝã Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ï»Õ31ñ»É Ï3Ûù»ñáõÙ, ÇëÏ ÇÝã‘ áã: ÆÝã í»ñ3μ»ñõáõÙ ¿ áëïÇ- Ï3Ýáõû3Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ëáóó3Ýó»ñÇ í»ñ3ÑëÏáÕáõû3ÝÁ, 3å3 áñå¿ë 3Û1åÇëÇÝ 1ñ3Ýù ÝáÛÝå¿ë ã»Ý í»ñ3ÑëÏõáõÙ, ãÝ3Û3Í »Õ»É »Ý 13ï3Ï3Ý ·áñÍ»ñ:

oÿ ÑÇÙ3 ß3ï û·ï3ï¿ñ»ñ ûñÇÝ3Ï, ¦ü»Ûëμáõù§-áõÙ 31⁄23ïûñ¿Ý 3ñï3Û3ÛïáõÙ »Ý Çñ»Ýó Ùïù»ñÁ 3Ûë Ï3Ù 3ÛÝ Ñ3ñóÇ ßáõñç, 3å3, Áëï ¶ñÇ·áñ ê3Õ»3ÝÇ, ÷3ëï3ÃÕÃÇ ÁÝ1áõÝÙ3Ý 1¿åùáõÙ Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3Ý Ù3ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ ïñáõÇ í»- ñ3ÑëÏ»É Ý3»õ ëáóó3Ýó»ñÁ, Ï3ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ý3»õ áõÕÕ3ÏÇ »ñÏñÇ ï3ñ3ÍùáõÙ 1313ñ»óÝ»É áñ»õ¿ Ï3ÛùÇ ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃÇõÝÁ: 2Ûë 1¿åùáõÙ å»ïáõû3ÝÁ ·ñ3ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝ Çñ3Ï3Ý3óÝ»- Éáõ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ ÏÁ ïñáõÇ:

Ø2Î-Ç ÏáÝý»ñ3ÝëÇ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï 3Ù¿Ý »ñÏÇñ å¿ïù ¿ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝÇ ÷3ëï3ÃÕÃÇ ßáõñç Çñ ï»ë3Ï¿ïÁ: Î31⁄2Ù3Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝáõÙ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óÝáõÙ ¿ îñ3Ýëåáñ- ïÇ »õ Ï3åÇ Ý3Ë3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÁ: Ü3Ë3ñ3ñáõû3Ý Ù3ÙáõÉÇ Í3é3ÛáõÃÇõÝÇó Û3ÛïÝ»óÇÝ, áñ áñáßáõÙ 1»é ã»Ý Ï3Û3óñ»É:

§àô1⁄4àôØ 3⁄4Æø ì2Ð3⁄4 2ôoîo2ÜÆ ú±ðÜ ÀÜÎÜ3⁄4Ʀ. Ð. ÚàìÐ2ÜÜÆêo2ÜÀ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ù3Õ3ù3·¿ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3·3Ñ

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ ù3Õ3ù3·¿ï- Ý»ñÇ ÙÇáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ÐÙ3Û»3Ï ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3Ý

ÐÐÙ3Û»3Ï ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ ·áÑ ¿ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ë- ï3ݧ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3é3çÝáñ1 ¶3·ÇÏ Ì3éáõÏ»3ÝÇó, áí ¦Çñ»Ý É3õáõÃÇõÝ 3ñ»ó§ »õ å3ñï31ñ»ó Ññ3Å3ñáõ»É Ù3Ý13ïÇó:

2Ûëûñ 3ñ1¿Ý, Áëï Ýñ3, ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝ Ï3Û ËáñÑñ- 13ñ3Ý ÙïÝ»É áñå¿ë ÉñÇõ 3ÝÏ3Ë å3ï·3Ù3õáña 3é3- ç31ñáõ»Éáí áñå¿ë Ù»Í3Ù3ëÝ3Ï3Ý Ã»ÏÝ3Íáõ 2õ3ÝÇ ÃÇõ 1 ÁÝïñ3ï3ñ3ÍùáõÙ:

¦ÐÇÙ3 Ñ3ëÏ3ÝáõÙ »Ù, ÿ áñù3Ý ×Çß1 3ñ»óÇ, áñ í3Ûñ 1ñ»óÇ Ù3Ý13ïÁ: ø3Õ3ù3·¿ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõû3Ý í3ñ- ãáõÃÇõÝÁ, áñÇ Ï31⁄2ÙáõÙ ÁÝ1·ñÏáõ3Í μáÉáñÝ 3ÝËïÇñ 3Ý- Ïáõë3Ïó3Ï3Ý ¿ÇÝa Çñ»Ýó 3ÝÑ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝáõÃÇõÝ ¿ÇÝ Û3Ûï- ݻɠ ́ÐÎ-Ç óáõó3Ïáí 2Ä ·Ý3Éáõ ÇÙ áñáßÙ3Ý Ñ3ñóáõÙ:

6

Üñ3Ýù ÑÇ3ó3Í ã¿ÇÝ ÇÙ Ù3ëÝ3Ïóáõû3Ùμ ÿÏáõ1⁄2 áñå¿ë 3ÝÏáõë3Ïó3Ï3ݧ,- 3ë3ó Ý3:

2Û1 1¿åùáõÙ, ÇÝãáõ Ý3 ã¿ñ Ññ3Å3ñáõ»É 3Û1 ÙïùÇó 3ÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ïa ÐÙ3Û»3Ï Úáí- Ñ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ Ëáëïáí3Ý»ó, ÿ ÇÝãáõ ÇÝùÝ3μ3ó3éÏ Û3ÛïÝ»ó. ¦Ð3 ·áñÍÝ3Ï3Ý É»1⁄2áõáí 3ë3Í ùó»É »Ý:  ́3Ûó ÇÙ Ï3ñ·3íÇ×3ÏÁ Û3ñ·áõ»É ¿:  ̧áõù áõ1⁄2áõÙ ¿Çù »ë ì3Ñ¿ 2õ»ï»3- ÝÇ û±ñÝ ÁÝÏÝ¿Ç: â·Çï¿ù, áñ ûÉÇ·3ñËÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ã»Ý íÇ×áõÙ§:

ØÇ3Å3Ù3Ý3Ï Ý3  ́ÐÎ-ÇÝ ÷áË3Ýó»ó, áñ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ýáõû3Ý Ù¿ç Ç ï3ñμ»ñáõ- ÃÇõÝ μÇ1⁄2Ý»ëÇ, ¦ùóáÕÝ 3 ùóõáõÙ§, ÇëÏ Çñ Ù3ëÇÝ Ý3 3ë3ó Ñ»ï»õ»3ÉÁ. ¦oë »ñμ»ù áñ»õ¿ Ù¿ÏÇÝ ã»Ù ùó»É§:

ÐÙ3Û»3Ï ÚáíÑ3ÝÝÇë»3ÝÁ Ñ3õ3ï3óÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ÇÝùÁ Ùßï3å¿ë Ñ»ï»õáÕ3Ï3Ý ¿ »Õ»É Çñ ëÏ1⁄2μáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ »õ 1ñ3ÝóÇó Ù¿ÏÝ 3ÛÝ ¿, áñ ûÉÇ·3ñËÝ»ñÁ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáí ãÙïÝ»Ý:

¦oë ¶3·ÇÏ Ì3éáõÏ»3ÝÇ 3Ù»Ý3Ñ»ï»õáÕ3Ï3Ý ùÝÝ313ïÝ »Ù, ÙÇ3Ï ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇãÝ »Ù, áñ Ñ»ï»õáÕ3Ï3Ý 1⁄2μ3Õáõ»É ¿ éáõë ëå3ÛÇ ëå3Ýáõû3Ùμ: 2Û1 Ñ3ïáõ3ÍÝ ûñ¿ÝùÇó 1áõñë ¿§,-3ë3ó Ý3:

ø3Õ3ù3·¿ïÁ Ý3»õ Ýß»ó, áñ ¶3·ÇÏ Ì3éáõÏ»3ÝÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ù3Ó3ÛÝ»ó ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝ- Ý»ñÇ ·Ý3É, ù3ÝÇ áñ Ý3 Ï3ñáÕ3ó3õ å3ßïå3Ý»É Çñ 3é3ÝÓÇÝ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ù3ë- Ý3Ïó»Éáõ Ý3Ë3·ÇÍÁ, ÇÝãÝ ¿É ù3Õ3ù3·¿ïÁ 1ñ3Ï3Ý ¿ ·Ý3Ñ3ïáõÙ: ¦oÿ Ï3Û Ùñó3Ï- óáõÃÇõÝ, Ï3Û 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3Ý ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõݧ,-3ë3ó Ý3:

ì2Üú êÆð2 ̧oÔo2ÜÆ ìoð2 ́oðo2È øð3⁄42Î2Ü ¶àðÌÀ âÆ 2ÜÐoî2òoÈ

øñ¿3Ï3Ý í»ñÉáõÍ3μ3Ý, ·ñáÕ ê»ñ·¿Û ¶3ÉáÛ»3ÝÇ ÚáõÉÇë 18-ÇÝ, Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ý1ÇåÙ3ÝÝ 3ñ3Í Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý Ñ3Ù3å3ï3ëË3ÝáõÙ Çñ3Ï3Ýáõû3- ÝÁ: 2Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ NEWS.am-Ç ÃÕÃ3ÏóÇÝ Û3ÛïÝ»ó  ̧3ï3Ï3Ý 1»å3ñï3Ù»ÝïÇ Ñ3ë3ñ3- Ï3ÛÝáõû3Ý Ñ»ï Ï3å»ñÇ Í3é3Ûáõû3Ý å»ï 2ñë¿Ý  ́3μ3»3ÝÁ:

Ü3 Ýß»ó, áñ 2ñÙ¿Ý î¿ñ-ê3Ñ3Ï»3ÝÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÁ ·ïÝõáõÙ ¿ ¶ÉË3õáñ 13ï3Ë31⁄2áõÃÇõÝáõÙ, Ýñ3Ýó å3Ñ3Ýçáí áõÕ3ñÏáõ»É ¿ Çñ»Ýó: ¦2Û1 ·áñÍÝ 3õ»ÉÇ ù3Ý 40 Ñ3ïáñ ¿ »õ ûõÇ ï3Ï 1Ý»É »õ ï»Õ3÷áË»ÉÇë ÏáñóÝ»ÉÁ ý3Ýï3ëïÇÏ3ÛÇ Å3ÝñÇó ¿, 13ï3ñ3ÝÝ»ñáõÙ å3ÑáõáÕ áñ»õ¿ ·áñÍ ãÇ Ï3ñáÕ Ïáñ»É§,- Ýß»ó 2ñë¿Ý  ́3- μ3»3ÝÁ:

ÆÝã í»ñ3μ»ñáõÙ ¿ ì3Ýû êÇñ31»Õ»3ÝÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇÝ, 3å3, Ýñ3 åÝ1Ù3Ùμ, 3ÛÝ ·ïÝõáõÙ ¿ 13ï3ñ3ÝÇ 3ñËÇõáõÙ, ÇÝãÁ »õë Ïáñ»É ãÇ Ï3ñáÕ:

Üß»Ýù, áñ ùñ¿3·¿ï ê»ñ·¿Û ¶3Éá»3ÝÁ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ»É ¿ñ, ÿ ì3Ýû êÇñ31»Õ»3- ÝÇÝ í»ñ3μ»ñáõáÕ ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÝ 3ÝÑ»ï3ó»É ¿, Ù¿Ï 13ï3ñ3ÝÇó ÙÇõë 13ï3ñ3Ý ï»Õ3÷áË»Éáõ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï: ¦ì3Ýû êÇñ31»Õ»3ÝÇ ·áñÍáí 13ï3Ï3Ý ÝÇõûñÝ 3ÝÑ»ï3- ó»É »Ý Ùûï3õáñ3å¿ë 6 3ÙÇë 3é3ç, ÇëÏ 13 DZÝã ¿ Ýß3Ý3ÏáõÙ, Ï3ñá±Õ ¿ù 3ë»É: Ü3Ë‘ ëÏë»Ù Ýñ3ÝÇó, áñ ì3Ýû êÇñ31»Õ»3ÝÇ íñ3Û áã ÙÇ ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍ Û3ñáõóáõ3Í ã¿:  ̧3 ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍ ¿ 2ñÙ¿Ý î¿ñ-ê3Ñ3Ï»3ÝÇ »õ Ýñ3 3õ31⁄23Ï3ËÙμÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É, áñÝ ¿É 3ÝÑ»ï3ó»É ¿§,- Ýᯐ ¿ ê. ¶3ÉáÛ»3ÝÁ:

Ð2Ú, 2 ̧ð ́oæ2ÜòÆ àô ìð2òÆ ÈÆ ́oð2ÈÜoðÀa ØÆ Ú2ðÎÆ î2Î

ÚáõÉÇëÇ 13-15-Á ÂμÇÉÇëÇáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É Ð3ñ3õ3ÛÇÝ ÎáíÏ3ëÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÉÇ- μ»ñ3É Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï3í3ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙÁ: Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÁ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óñ»É ¿ ÐÐÞ-Ý (ÐÐÞ í3ñãáõû3Ý Ý3Ë3·3Ñ 2ñ3Ù Ø3ÝáõÏ»3ÝÁ, ÷áËÝ3Ë3·3Ñ ê3Ùáõ¿É 2μ-

7

ñ3Ñ3Ù»3ÝÝ áõ Ð2Î 3Ý13Ù ì3Ñ3·Ý Ê3ã3ïñ»3ÝÁ), 21ñμ»ç3ÝÁa ¦Øáõë3ý3ç-Á, ìñ3ëï3ÝÁa Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ: 2Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï3óÝáõÙ »Ý ÐÐÞ Éñ3ïáõ3Ï3Ý Í3é3ÛáõÃÇõÝÇó: Ð3Ý1ÇåÙ3Ý Å3Ù3Ý3Ï ùÝÝ3ñÏáõ»É ¿ 2010 Ã. ÐáÏï»Ù- μ»ñÇ 7-ÇÝ äáïë13ÙáõÙ 3Û1 Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ëïáñ3·ñáõ3Í Ðéã3Ï3·ñÇ 1ñáÛÃÝ»ñÇ Ï3ï3ñÙ3Ý ÁÝÃ3óùÁ, »ñ»ù »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ ïÇñáÕ ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Çñ3íÇ×3ÏÁ, ï3ñ3Í3ßñç3Ý3ÛÇÝ ËÝ1ÇñÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý3»õa Ýßáõ3Í »ñÏñÝ»ñÇa »õñáå3Ï3Ý Ï3éáÛó- Ý»ñÇÝ ÇÝï»·ñáõ»Éáõ Ñ3ñó»ñÁ: Ò»éù ¿ μ»ñáõ»É å3ÛÙ3Ý3õáñáõ3ÍáõÃÇõÝa ÉÇμ»ñ3É Ïáõ- ë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç»õ ÝÙ3Ý Ñ3Ý1ÇåáõÙÝ»ñÁ ß3ñáõÝ3Ï»Éáõ í»ñ3μ»ñ- »3É:

Ð2Ú2êî2ÜÆò ØoÎÜàÔÜoðÆ ÂÆôÀ ¶oð21⁄42ÜòàôØ 3⁄4 Ä2Ø2ÜàÔÜoðÆ

ÂÆôÆÜ

2Ûë ï3ñáõ3Û 3é3çÇÝ ÏÇë3Ù»3ÏáõÙ û13ÛÇÝ ×3Ý3å3ñÑáí Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇó Ù»ÏÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ÃÇõÁ 13ñÓ»3É ·»ñ31⁄23Ýó»É ¿ Å3Ù3ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ÃÇõÇÝ: 1⁄4áõ3ñÃÝáó û13Ý3õ3Ï3Û3Ýáí Ð3Û3ëï3Ý ¿ Å3Ù3Ý»É 333 Ñ31⁄23ñ 962, Ù»ÏÝ»Éa 384 Ñ31⁄23ñ 37 Ù3ñ1: î3ñμ»ñáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï31⁄2ÙáõÙ ¿ 50 Ñ31⁄23ñ 75 Ù3ñ1:

Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ Î2 ù3Õ3ù3óÇ3Ï3Ý 3íÇ3óÇ3ÛÇ ·ÉË3õáñ í3ñãáõÃÇõÝÁ ï»Õ»Ï3óÝáõÙ ¿, áñ Ý3Ëáñ1 ï3ñáõ3Û ÝáÛÝ Å3Ù3Ý3Ï3Ñ3ïáõ3ÍÇ Ñ3Ù»Ù3ï Ù»ÏÝáÕ »õ Å3Ù3ÝáÕ áõÕ»õáñÝ»ñÇ ÃÇõÇ 3õ»É3óáõÙ ¿ ÝÏ3ïáõ»É. 2011 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇ 3é3çÇÝ ÏÇë3Ù»3ÏáõÙ û13Ý3õ3Ï3Û3Ýáí Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇó Ù»ÏÝ»É ¿ñ 360 Ñ31⁄23ñ 611, Å3Ù3Ý»Éa 309 Ñ31⁄23ñ 541 Ù3ñ1:

2é3çÇÝ ÏÇë3Ù»3ÏáõÙ ¶ÇõÙñÇÇ ÞÇñ3Ï û13Ý3õ3Ï3Û3Ýáí »ñÏñÇó Ù»ÏÝ»É ¿ 18 Ñ31⁄23ñ 811, Å3Ù3Ý»Éa 12 Ñ31⁄23ñ 967 Ù3ñ1:

 ́ÐÎ-Ü oð ́oø §ÆÞÊ2ÜàôÂo2Ü  ̧3⁄4Ø  ̧àôðê âÆ ¶2Ú¦

¦2ÛÝ Ï3åÇï3ÉÁ, áñÁ Ï3Û ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ݧ-Ç áñáß 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñÇ Ó»éùáõÙ, ÃáÛÉ ãÇ ï3Û, áñ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ 1¿Ù 1áõñë ·3Û ÇßË3Ýáõ-

Ü3ËÏÇÝ å3ï·3Ù3õáñ ì3ñ- 13Ý  ́áëï3Ýç»3Ý

AÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇݧ, - Éñ3·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ý1ÇåÙ3ÝÁ Û3Û- ï3ñ3ñ»ó Ý3Ëáñ1 ·áõÙ3ñÙ3Ý ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝáõÙ  ́ÐÎ ËÙμ3Ïóáõû3Ý 3Ý13Ù ì3ñ13Ý  ́áëï3Ýç»3ÝÁ:

Ü3ËÏÇÝ å3ï·3Ù3õáñÇ Ëûëùáí‘ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõ- ÝáõÙ Ï3Ý Ù3ñ1ÇÏ, áíù»ñ ¦Ïáõï3Ï»É »Ý áñáß3ÏÇ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ§. - ¦oõ 3Ûë »ñ»õáÛÃÁ, μÝ3Ï3- Ý3μ3ñ, ÃáÛÉ ãÇ ï3Éáõ, áñå¿ë1⁄2Ç Ýñ3Ýù ·Ý3Ý 3é×3- Ï3ïáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÇßË3Ýáõû3Ý Ñ»ï§:

Ð3ñóÇÝ, ÿ ÏáÝÏñ»ï áõÙ Ù3ëÇÝ ¿ ËûëáõÙ,  ́áë- ï3Ýç»3ÝÁ å3ï3ëË3Ý»ó. - ¦ÆÙ Ù3ëÇÝ »Ù 3ëáõÙ: àñáíÑ»ï»õ »Ã¿ ÇÙ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ3·ÇñÁ ï»ëÝ¿ù, Ç ï3ñ-

μ»ñáõÃÇõÝ μ31⁄2Ù3ÃÇõÝ»ñÇ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñ3·ñ»ñÇ, 3ÛÝï»Õ 3Ù»Ý3ß3ï »Ï3ÙáõïÝ»ñÇó Ù¿ÏÁ »ë áõݻ٧:

¶3ÕïÝÇù ã¿, áñ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ݧ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý Õ»Ï3í3ñ ¶3·ÇÏ Ì3- éáõÏ»3ÝÝ 3Ûëûñ Ñ3Ù3ñõáõÙ ¿ Ð3Û3ëï3ÝÇ 3Ù»Ý3Ñ3ñáõëï å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñÇó Ù¿ÏÁ:  ́áëï3Ýç»3ÝÁ Ýß»ó, ÿ ß3ñáõÝ3ÏáõÙ ¿ ÙÝ3É 3ÛÝ Ï3ñÍÇùÇÝ, áñ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ë-

ï3ݧ-Á ÑÇÙù»ñ ãáõÝÇ 3é3çÇÏ3Û Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ý»ñÏ3ÛÇë Ý3Ë3- ·3Ñ, Ð3Ýñ3å»ï3Ï3Ý Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3é3çÝáñ1 ê»ñÅ ê3ñ·ë»3ÝÇÝ ãë3ï3ñ»Éáõ Ñ3Ù3ñ. - ¦oë áñå¿ë 3ÝÑ3ï ÙÝ3ó»É »Ù ÇÙ Ï3ñÍÇùÇݧ:

8

 ́ÐÎ-Ü  ́2ò2ê2 ́2ð 3⁄4 Ü2ÚàôØ §Ä2è2ܶàôÂo2ܦ Ðoî ¶àðÌ2ÎòàôÂo2Ü

 ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ýǧ Ù3ÙáõÉÇ ù3ñïáõ- Õ3ñ, å3ï·3Ù3õáñ îÇ·ñ3Ý àõñÇË3Ý»3Ý

¦¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3ݧ ËáñÑñ13ñ3Ý3- Ï3Ý ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ãÇ ùÝÝ3ñÏ»É ¦Ð3ñëÝ3ù3ñ§ é»ëïáñ3ÝáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó3Í 1¿åùÇ ùÝÝáõû3Ý Å3Ù3Ý3Ï3õáñ Û3ÝÓÝ3ÅáÕáí ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ Ñ3ñóáí 3ñï3Ñ»ñà Ýëï3ßñç3Ý ·áõÙ3ñ»Éáõ Ñ3ñóÁ: 2Û1 Ù3ëÇÝ Û3ÛïÝ»É ¿ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ýǧ Ù3ÙáõÉÇ ù3ñïáõÕ3ñ, å3ï·3Ù3õáñ îÇ·ñ3Ý àõ- ñÇË3Ý»3ÝÁ‘ Ù»ÏÝ3μ3Ý»Éáí ÷3ëïÁ, áñ Ý3Ë3- Ó»éÝáõû3ÝÁ ÙÇ3ó»É ¿ñ ÁÝ13Ù¿ÝÁ ËÙμ3Ïóáõ- û3Ý 7 å3ï·3Ù3õáñ:

¦2é3çÇÝÁ, Û3ÛïÝÇ ¿, áñ ËÙμ3Ïóáõû3Ý μ31⁄2Ù3ÃÇõ 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñ μ3ó3Ï3Û»É »Ý »ñÏñÇó ï3ñμ»ñ å3ï×3éÝ»ñáí »õ ýÇ1⁄2ÇÏ3å¿ë ÑÝ3ñ3- õáñáõÃÇõÝ ã»Ý áõÝ»ó»É Ù3ëÝ3Ïó»É ëïáñ3·ñ3- Ñ3õ3ùÇÝ: oñÏñáñ1, ù3ÝÇ áñ ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ã¿ñ ùÝÝ3ñÏ»É Ñ3ñóÁ, 3Ý13ÙÝ»ñÇó Çõñ3ù3ÝãÇõñÁ

ëïáñ3·ñ»É ¿ Çñ Ñ3Û»óáÕáõû3Ùμ§,- Ýᯐ ¿ àõñÇË3Ý»3ÝÁ: ÊÙμ3Ïóáõû3Ý 3Ý13Ù 3⁄4ÉÇÝ3ñ ì3ñ13Ý»3ÝÁ ÝáÛÝÏ»ñå ¿ å3ï3ëË3Ý»É Ñ3ñóÇÝ‘

ÝÏ3ï»Éáí, áñ ÙÇ3ÛÝ ËÙμ3Ïóáõû3Ý áñáß å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñ »Ý, áñ ã»Ý 3ç3ÏóáõÙ Ý3- Ë3Ó»éÝáõû3ÝÁ: ö3ëï3óÇ, Ýñ3 Ëûëùáí, ÿ»õ ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝáõÙ Ñ3ñóÇ ßáõñç ÙÇ3ë- Ý3Ï3Ý 1ÇñùáñáßáõÙ ãÏ3Û,  ́ÐÎ-3Ï3Ý å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù3ëÁ 1ñ3Ï3Ý ¿ ·Ý3Ñ3- ïáõÙ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõÃÇõÝÁ: ¦2Ûá, ×Çß1 3Û1å¿ë§,- Ýᯐ ¿ Ý3:

Êûë»Éáí ËáñÑñ13ñ3ÝÇ ÁÝ11ÇÙ31Çñ ËÙμ3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ‘ Ð3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÇ, ÐÚ ̧-Ç »õ ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõû3ݧ Ñ»ï Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ïóáõû3Ý ÑÝ3ñ3õáñáõû3Ý Ù3ëÇÝ‘ ì3ñ13Ý»3ÝÁ Ýᯐ ¿, ÿ  ́ÐÎ-Ý å3ïñ3ëï ¿ Ñ3Ù3·áñÍ3Ïó»É ÁÝ11ÇÙáõû3Ý 3ÛÝ Ý3- Ë3Ó»éÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ßáõñç, áñáÝù Ýå3ëïáõÙ »Ý »ñÏñÇ 1⁄23ñ·3óÙ3ÝÝ áõ Ñ3ë3ñ3Ïáõ- û3Ý μ3ñ·3õ3×Ù3ÝÁ: ä3ï·3Ù3õáñÁ, ÙÇ3Å3Ù3Ý3Ï, Ýᯐ ¿, ÿ 13 ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõû3- ÝÁ§ ùÇã ¿ í»ñ3μ»ñáõÙ:

¦êïáñ3·ñ3Ñ3õ3ùÇó Û»ïáÛ ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõÃÇõݧ ËÙμ3Ïóáõû3Ý å3ï·3Ù3õáñÝ»ñÁ ëÏë»óÇÝ ¦ ́3ñ·3õ3× Ð3Û3ëï3Ýǧ 1¿Ù Ûëï3Ï Ñ3Ï3ù3ñá1⁄2ãáõÃÇõÝ ï3Ý»É, ÇÝãÁ Ùï3- Í»Éáõ 3éÇà ¿: Ø»Ýù å3ïñ3ëï »Ýù Ð2Î-Ç »õ ÐÚ ̧-Ç Ñ»ï Ï3éáõóáÕ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ù3·áñ- Í3Ïóáõû3Ý 3Ûë Ï3Ù 3ÛÝ Ý3Ë3Ó»éÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç3Ý3ÏáõÙ, ë3Ï3ÛÝ ¦Ä3é3Ý·áõ- û3ݧ Ù3ëÝ3Ïóáõû3Ý 1¿åùáõÙ 3Û1 Ñ3ñóÁ Éñçûñ¿Ý ùÝÝ3ñÏáõ»Éáõ ¿§,- Ýᯐ ¿ å3ï- ·3Ù3õáñÁ:

Þ2ðàôÜ2ÎôàôØ 3⁄4 §êÆìÆÈÆÂ2êƦ ¶àðÌàì Ü2Ê2øÜÜàôÂÆôÜÀ

Þ3ñáõÝ3ÏõáõÙ ¿ ¦êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë§ ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÇ »õ Ýñ3 ÑÇÙÝ31Çñ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý- »3ÝÇÝ 3éÝãáõáÕ‘ ÐÐ Ï3é3í3ñáõû3ÝÝ 3éÁÝûñ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõû3Ý Í3é3Ûáõ- û3Ý ÏáÕÙÇó Û3ñáõóáõ3Í ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇ Ý3Ë3ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝÁ:

¦êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë§-Çó Û3ÛïÝáõÙ »Ý, áñ ÚáõÉÇëÇ 17-ÇÝ 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõû3Ý Í3é3- ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ Ñ3ñó3ùÝÝáõû3ÝÝ ¿ Ññ3õÇñ»É êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÇ ËáñÑñ1Ç 3Ý13Ù Î3ñÇÝ¿ Ú3ñáõÃÇõÝ»3ÝÇÝ:

ÚáõÉÇëÇ 18-ÇÝ ÐÐ Ï3é3í3ñáõû3ÝÝ 3éÁÝûñ å»ï3Ï3Ý »Ï3ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙÇï¿Ç Ý3Ë3·3Ñ ¶3·ÇÏ Ê3ã3ïñ»3ÝÁ Ññ3Ù3Ý ¿ ëïáñ3·ñ»É, Áëï áñÇa ëïáõ·áõÙÝ»ñÁ ÐÇÙ- Ý31ñ3ÙáõÙ »ñÏ3ñ3Ó·õáõÙ »Ý ¦10 3ÝÁÝ1Ù»ç 3ßË3ï3Ýù3ÛÇÝ ûñáí§:

9

êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙáõÙ ä»ï3Ï3Ý »Ï3ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙÇï¿Ç Ý»ñÏ3Û3óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ μÇõç¿Ç Ñ»ï ÷áËÛ3ñ3μ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ×ß1áõû3Ý ëïáõ·áõÙÝ»ñ »Ý 3ÝóÏ3óÝáõÙ ÚáõÝÇëÇ 28-Çó, »õ 3Û1 ëïáõ·áõÙÝ»ñÇa ûñ¿Ýùáí Ý3Ë3ï»ëáõ3Í Å3ÙÏ¿ïÁ Éñ3ÝáõÙ ¿ ÚáõÉÇëÇ 18- ÇÝ: úñ¿Ýùáí Ý3Ë3ï»ëáõ3Í Ï3ñ·áía ä»ï3Ï3Ý »Ï3ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙÇï¿Ý Çñ3õáõÝù áõÝÇ »õë 10 ûñáí »ñÏ3ñ3Ó·»É ëïáõ·áõÙÝ»ñÇ Å3ÙÏ¿ïÁ:

ÐÐ Ï3é3í3ñáõû3ÝÝ 3éÁÝûñ 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõû3Ý Í3é3ÛáõÃÇõÝÁ Û3ñáõó- áõ3Í ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇÝ 3éãÝáõáÕ Û3õ»É»3É ÷3ëï3ÃÕûñ ¿ å3Ñ3Ýç»É ¦êÇíÇÉÇÃ3ë§ ÑÇÙÝ31ñ3ÙÇ ÑÇÙÝ31Çñ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇó: 21⁄2·3ÛÇÝ 3Ýíï3Ý·áõû3Ý Í3é3Ûáõ- ÃÇõÝÁ Ù»ñÅ»É ¿ ì3ñ13Ý úëÏ3Ý»3ÝÇa Çñ»Ý 3éÝãáõáÕ ùñ¿3Ï3Ý ·áñÍÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É ÷3ëï3ÃÕûñÁ Ññ3å3ñ3Ï»Éáõ 1ÇÙáõÙÁa Ýß»Éáí, áñ ¦1ÇÙáõÙÇÝ ÑÝ3ñ3õáñ ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ 3Ý1- ñ313éÝ3É 1¿åùÇ í»ñ3μ»ñ»3É Ù3Ýñ3Ù3ëÝ óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ ï3Éáõ 1¿åùáõÙ§:

§ÄàÔàìð ̧2ì2ð2Î2Ü Ð2ÚðoÜÆø¦-À 1⁄4ðÎoòÆÜ î2ð2ÌøÆò

¦ÄáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ûñ»ÝÇù§ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3é3çÝáñ1

ä»ïñáë Ø3Ï¿»3Ý

¦¦ÄáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ûñ»ÝÇù§ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ oñ»õ3ÝÇó Ñ»é3óÝ»ÉÁ 3ÛÉ 3ÝáõÝ áõÝ»Ý3É ãÇ Ï3ñáÕ, ù3Ý ù3Õ3ù3Ï3Ý Ñ3ßáõ»Û3ñ13ñ:Hayeli.am-Ç Ñ»ï 1⁄2ñáÛóáõÙ 3Ûë Ù3ëÇÝ 3ë3ó Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3Ý 3é3ç- Ýáñ1 ä»ïñáë Ø3Ï¿»3ÝÁ: ì»ñçÇÝÇ Ëûëùáí Ïáõë3Ï- óáõû3Ý Ñ3Ý1¿å ÝÙ3Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ ÝáñáõÃÇõÝ ã¿. 1998 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇó 3é 3Ûëûñ ·áñÍÁÝÃ3óÁ å3ñμ»ñ3- μ3ñ ÏñÏÝõáõÙ ¿: ÚÇß»óÝ»Ýù, áñ Ð3Û 31⁄2·3ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿- ëÇ Ù3ë Ï31⁄2ÙáÕ ¦ÄáÕáíñ13í3ñ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ûñ»ÝÇù§ Ïáõë3Ïóáõû3ÝÁ ä»ï3Ï3Ý ·áÛùÇ Ï3é3í3ñÙ3Ý í3ñãáõÃÇõÝÁ oñ»õ3ÝÇ ì3Õ3ñß»3Ý 12 Ñ3ëó¿áõÙ ·ïÝáõáÕ ï3ñ3ÍùÇ ÷áË3ñ¿Ý í3ñÓ3Ï3Éáõû3Ùμ Ýáñ ï3ñ3Íù ¿ 3é3ç3ñÏ»É ¶3éÝÇáõÙ Ï3Ù 2ñÙ3õÇ- ñáõÙ:

Üß»Ýù, áñ oñ»õ3Ý»3Ý ï3ñ3ÍùÁ ¦ÄáÕáíñ13í3- ñ3Ï3Ý Ñ3Ûñ»ÝÇù§ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ 1⁄2μ3Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ 1996 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇó, ë3Ï3ÛÝ 3Ýó3Í ï3ñÇ Éñ3ó»É ¿ ï3ñ3ÍùÇ í3ñÓ3Ï3Éáõû3Ý Å3ÙÏ¿ïÁ, »õ ä»ï3Ï3Ý ·áÛùÇ Ï3é3í3ñ- Ù3Ý í3ñãáõÃÇõÝÁ Ññ3Å3ñáõ»É ¿ í»ñ3Ï3Ý·Ý»É å3ÛÙ3Ý3·ÇñÁ‘ å3ï×3é3μ3Ý»Éáí, ÿ Ýå3ï3Ï3Û3ñÙ3ñ ãÇ ·ïÝáõÙ: Øûï ï3ëÝ ûñ 3é3ç Ø3Ï¿»3ÝÁ 31⁄23ï»É ¿ ï3ñ3ÍùÁ‘

Ëáõë3÷»Éáí 13ï3Ï3Ý 3Ïï»ñÇ Ñ3ñÏ31Çñ Ï3ï3ñáÕÇ Ñ»ï ß÷áõÙÇó: Ø3Ï¿»3ÝÁ Ñ3ñÏ Ñ3Ù3ñ»ó ÛÇß»óÝ»É, áñ ·ñ3ë»Ý»3ÏÇ ßáõñç í¿×Á ëÏëáõ»É ¿ 1»é 2008 Ãáõ3Ï3ÝÇÝ, »ñμ ÇÝùÝ 31⁄23ï31⁄2ñÏáõ3Í ¿ñ, áõëïÇ Ñ3Ùá1⁄2áõ3Í ¿, áñ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ ¶3éÝÇ Ï3Ù 2ñÙ3õÇñ ï»Õ3÷áËáõ»É 3é3ç3ñÏ»Éáí‘ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ÷áñÓáõÙ »Ý 3õ3ñïÇÝ Ñ3ëóÝ»É ëÏë3Í ·áñÍÁ: ä»ïñáë Ø3Ï¿»3ÝÁ Ý3»õ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ áõÝÇ, áñ

ï3ñ3ÍùÁ ïñ3Ù31ñáõ»Éáõ ¿ ÏáÝÏñ»ï 3ÝÓÇ, áõÙ 3ÝáõÝÁ 3é3ÛÅÙ ãÇ Ññ3å3ñ3ÏáõÙ: ä»ïñáë Ø3Ï¿»3ÝÁ Ýß»ó, áñ Ïáõë3ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ å3ïñ3ëïõáõÙ ¿ ê»åï»Ùμ»ñÇÝ Ññ3- å3ñ3Ï3ÛÇÝ Û3Ûï3ñ3ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ 3Ý»É, áñáÝù, Áëï Ýñ3, ÇßËáÕ í3ñã3ËÙμÇ Ñ3Ù3ñ ¦ËÇëï ó3õáï§ »Ý ÉÇÝ»Éáõ, Ù3Ý3õ3Ý1 áñ 3éç»õáõÙ Ý3Ë3·3Ñ3Ï3Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý: ¦ØÇ3Å3Ù3Ý3Ï, ã»Ù áõ1⁄2áõÙ ÷3Ï3·Í»ñÁ μ3ó»É, áñ ÇßË3ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ãÏ3ñáÕ3Ý3Ý

Ý3Ë3å3ïñ3ëïáõ»É§:

10

ԱԺ փոխնախագահ Էդուարդ Շարմազանովն ընդունեց Կանադայի համայնքների պալատի ներկայացուցիչներին

Ազգային ժողովի փոխնախագահ Էդուարդ

Շարմազոնովը հուլիսի 17-ին ընդունեց Կանադայի համայնքների պալատի անդամներ, Կանադա- Հայաստան խորհրդարանական բարեկամության խմբի փոխնախագահներ Ջիմ Կարիջիանիսին եւ Ալեքսանդր Բուլրիսին:

Ողջունելով կանադացի պատգամավորների այցը Հայաստանի խորհրդարան` Էդուարդ Շարմազանովը նշեց, որ Կանադան բարեկամ երկիր է, եւ չնայած Հայաստանից բաժանված է օվկիանոսով, բայց տարածությունը լավ հարաբերությունների վրա ազդեցություն ունենալ չի կարող: Ի դեմս Համայնքների պալատի ներկայացուցիչների, նա երախտագիտություն հայտնեց Կանադային` Հայոց ցեղասպանությունը ճանաչելու, տարիների հայանպաստ գործունեության համար: ՀՀ Ազգային ժողովի փոխնախագահը կարեւորեց նախագահական ընտրություններին դիտորդական առաքելությամբ մասնակցելու նպատակով Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ մեկնող կանադացի պատգամավորների այցն Արցախի ժողովրդի համար, ինչը, նրա խոսքով, ցույց է տալիս, որ այնպիսի ժողովրդավարական երկիր, ինչպիսին Կանադան է, հետաքրքված է ԼՂ-ում ժողովրդավարության ընդլայնմամբ:

Շնորհակալություն հայտնելով ցուցաբերված ջերմության համար` կանադացի հյուրերը շեշտեցին, որ չնայած իրենց այցին շատերը, մասնավորապես` ադրբեջանցիներ, դեմ են եղել, բայց իրենք մեծ ցանկություն ունեն ականատես լինելու ժողովրդավարության կայացմանը Լեռնային Ղարաբաղում: Նրանց խոսքով` Կանադան մեծ շահագրգռվածություն է ցուցաբերում բոլոր այն երկրներում, որտեղ ժողովրդավարությունը կայացման ճանապարհ է անցնում: Ինչպես նկատեցին կանադացի խորհրդարանականները, Կանադայում ապրող շուրջ հարյուր հազար հայերը շատ ակտիվ են. հայկական համայնքը երկրորդ-երրորդ տեղում է իր ազդեցիկությամբ, «հայկական կրակը միշտ վառ է»:

Կանադայի համայնքների պալատի անդամները խոսեցին Հայաստանում դեսպանատուն ունենալու անհրաժեշտությունից, ինչին ի պատասխան` պարոն Շարմազանովը նշեց, որ հայկական կողմը միայն շահագրգռված է էլ ավելի բարձր մակարդակով հարաբերություններով: Կարծիք հայտնվեց, որ պետք է ավելի ակտիվացնել պատգամավորական փոխայցելությունները, ինչն էլ իր հերթին կխթանի լավ հարաբերությունների ամրապնդումն ու զարգացումը: Էդուարդ Շարմազանովն իր հերթին նկատեց, որ Հարավային Կովկասում Հայաստանն առաջինն է եղել, որ Օտտավայում բացել է դեսպանատուն, ինչը վկայում է Հայաստանի համար հայ-կանադական հարաբերությունների կարեւորության մասին:

11

Կանադացի խորհրդարանականները հույս հայտնեցին, որ Լեռնային Ղարաբաղում նախագահական ընտրությունները կանցնեն բարձր մակարդակով, եւ ներկայացրեցին իրենց գաղափարը` Կանադա վերադառնալուն պես նախաձեռնելու «Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի ընկերներ» կոչվող խումբ, ինչը մեծ ոգեւորությամբ ընդունվեց ՀՀ Ազգային ժողովի նախագահի կողմից: Վերջինս նշեց, որ փայլուն գաղափար է, համոզմունք հայտնելով, որ

Հայաստանն ու ամբողջ հայությունը կողջունեն այն, քանի որ դա առարկայական օրինակ է, թե ինչպես կարելի է աջակցել երիտասարդ ժողովրդավարական երկրին:ՀՀ ԱԺ հասարակայնության եւ տեղեկատվության միջոցների հետ կապերի վարչությունից հայտնումեն, որ հանդիպման ընթացքում քննարկվեցին երկկողմ հետաքրքրություն ներկայացնող այլ հարցեր եւս:

UINS TMNWÞUZR ÇÞSUEÐU; *YTÐUWR MULU-ZÞÐMUWUJNDSG

Üuzuýuauw çþsueðrv Uýns Tmnwþuz 26 Wndlrirz hrýr zþðmuwujzt rð {(tz= þd Krzm ́ +ytðuwrz kuýðnzg% Zrd Þnð=r {Lrz=glz ́ mþeðnzr yuxuý+zr ,rðtz zþði!

*ytðuz mg huýst vrzumuz :uz uð=uwumuz jþpr cusuzumubð

*ytðuwrz st< mg =zzuðmndrz irðnw^ =upu=umuz sþ=þzuwndkrdzzþðnd þd mubuxumþðndkþuz zrdkþðg! Aþprzumz t w+ðrznp Ündz Ftzorz=! Çþsueðndkþuz ausuð Tmnwþuz ünð,u,u, t vrzumuz auzðuwuwý Ktðu=nkt çuzumr uðýuqündkrdzzþðg! Zuþd ünð,u, t uduzeumuz hndhðrmzþðnd &ýrmzrmuwrz/ kuýðnzr iýndþðzþðg þd buðcnp lndiuürðzþð!

Yuxuý+zg ýþpr hrýr ndzþzuw 5 Wndlritz srzvþd 5 *üniýni!

ՄԱՐՄԱՐԱ

ITZRÖLRR ST> USTZ SUÐE ETS MNDÜUW ÞMÞPÞJR SG ÇUZULND ZU:UQÞXZNDKÞUZ ETS

Risuwrl Ýtðrz=uz Uzndz Kndð= Anfrd Sg Þmþpþjr Çuzul Mg Huýðuiýndr^ Çuwj Iþizþz= Kt Hrýr Muðþzu#w Çuzul

Znð öuðüujnds sg uzüus sg þdi jnwj ýndud nð Uzuýnlndr kndð= çzumvndkrdzg uwlþdi çnlnðnfrz mnðizjndju, t rð bð

Itzrölrr st< Risuwrl Ýtðrz=tz uzndz kndð= sg {irkt ́r sg st< wuðmuçucrz sg üzþj nd uznð zþð=zusuig yn.þlnf fþðu,þj þmþpþjrr sg! Þmþpþjrr jndjuýu.ýum mu.ndþjud nd aupnðendþjud nð *üniýni usritz imiþul ani uðuðnpndkrdz hrýr muýuðndr!

12

Giý jndjuýu.ýumrz^ þmþpþjrz mnvndþð t Lu+ýr=ruwr þmþpþjr! Lndðg rimumuz jzjnds sg wuxu

Uðaþiýudnðzþðnd Ýrkt mnvndu, irktrz fuðrvzþðg þd çzumuðuzzþðnd iþyumuzuýtðþðg Itzrölrr mndiumulndkþuz ersþjrz huauz<þlnf nð þmþpþjrz yumndr! Uznz= girz nð rðþz= vtrz ürýþð nð anz þmþpþjr sg hrýr çujndr! Ýrktr fuðvndkþuz Zu.uüua ?uýrð Üuwmgz iuhti .+iþjud$

{Ani n_v stmg ürýt nð þmþpþjr hrýr çujndtð! Þmþpþjr çuzulnd ausuð sþöst uðý+zndkrdz .zeðþlnd quzqðnwkz rim wuzqz vþz uxu,! Liþjrz= zuþd nð ersnds muýuðndu, vt n_v mndiumulndkþuz^ nv ul =upu=uhþýndkþuz! Sþör vauðjndjrz^ srzveþx huwsuz tð nð sþöst uðý+zndkrdz ndötrz! Þi gzeauzndð cnpnfg zriýr hrýr aðudrðþs^ þkt uzeuszþðndz þðþ= vnððnðeg auduzndkrdz wuwýzt^ uwz uýþz t nð þmþpþjr mg çujndr! Uirmu suasþýumuzzþðnd kuprz st< ..ndz< ,u.þlnd hti çuz sgz t! Sþz= mndiumulndkþuz ersþjrz= nd huauz<þjrz= nð þmþpþjrr çujsuz uðý+zndkrdz výðndr! Mg auduýuz= nð mndiumulndkrdzz ul hrýr sþðct þmþpþjrr çujndsg ́!

Zsuz+ðrzum wuwýuðuðndkrdz gðþð t irktr fuðvndkþuz zu.uüuar ýþpumul Ztorh Atlfuog nð giþð t nð uzsr nð þmþpþjr hrýr çujndr! Ersþð þz mndiumulndkþuz^ =upu=uhþýndkþuz nd uhuanfndkþuz ýz+ðtzndkþuz! Uwihrir þmþpþjrr sg çujndsg çnlnðrz uzauzüiýndkrdz huýouxþj! Uxuzj udþlr suzðusuizndkrdz ýulnd^ wuwýzr t nð Itzrölrr çzumrvzþðg ýumudrz huýðuiý vþz nð rðþzj bð

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Buarz Ulyuw Mg Wrbþjzt Eþihuz Fnl=uz Fndðulr :+i=g% Auwmumuz Auðjr Muhumjndkþusç {ZÞÐNPNDKRDZ :ZEÐT^ AUINDJNDS FOUÐT^ ÖNAÞÐND CUXUZÜNÐEZÞÐNDZ INDÐ AUWÐÞZUMJUMUZ MUÐÜUFROUM ́

{Öusuz ́ kþðkr =ðnzrmuürð Buarz Ulyuw rð uwi+ðnduz w+endu,rz st< ndzr auýndu, s ndð mg =zzueuýt auwmumuz auðjr st< Uzuüuðuwr =upu=umuzndkrdzg þd^ wrbþjzþlnf Fnl=uz Fndðulr mnpst uýþz+= gindu,g^ mg mðmzt nð htý= t zþðnpndkrdz .zeðþl^ auýndjnds fouðþl nd önandu,zþðnd cuxuzünðezþðndz mðmrz ýum auwðþzumjumuz muðüufroum! Buarz Ulyuw uwi wrbþjndsg m'gzt þðç srdi mnpst uzrðud nd i.ul mg üýzt muxufuðndkþuz uðýu=rz =upu=umuzndkþuz ets muýuðndu, rzv rzv =zzueuýndkrdzzþðg! Nsuz= mg hzeþz nð U-Üt-Yt muxufuðndkþuz uðýu=rz =upu=umuzndkrdzg uzþlr suýzndu, t^ çuwj Ulyuw uirmu orbe vr

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üýzþð! *ðrzum^ uznz= nðnz= Ýndðrnw auðjrz st< mg =zzueuýþz Kndð=ruz nd mg wrbþjzþz kt ýumudrz fþð<þði Kndð=ru lud þðm.+indkrdz ndztð Ýndðrnw aþý^ uzýþi m'uxzþz uwz öuðüujndszþðg nðnz= huýuaþjuz Ýndðrnw st<^ Ýndðrnw rb.uzndkrdzzþðg rðþzj krðu. gzýðþjrz rðþzj rim cnpnfndðeg!

Ulyuw mg huýui.uzt zuþd uwz =zzueuýndkrdzzþðndz^ nðnz= muxufuðndkþuz m'ndppndrz Auwuiýuzr aþý iýnðuüðndu, yðnkn=nlzþðnd auðjnf! M'gindr nð Kndð=ru vünð,ueðþj yðnkn=nlzþðg! {Uwn^ çuwj^ mg üðt Ulyuw^ Auwuiýuz vr# hzeþð Puðuhupg üðudþul huaþlnd rð =upu=umuzndkþuz st<^ Auwuiýuzg ýumudrz stm srlrnz uöþðrzþðg rðþzj þðmðtz fýuðu, vt#^ ndðþsz htý= vt# nð auimzulr zmuýþz= yðnkn=nlzðnd uxmu.ndrlg^ iuasuzzþðndz ünjndrlg^ erduzuürýumuz wuðuçþðndkrdzzþðnd

Uwi çnlnðtz fþð< iumuwz Ulyuw m'udþljzt aþýþdþulg$ {Uzüuðuwr =upu=umuzndkþuz uzauimzulr mtýz uwz t kt Uzüuðu wusux+ðtz mg .ndiuyr þðþi ux þðþir üult uwz uptýrz aþý nð þmu, tð *isuzjr Auwþðnd ül.ndz!

{Jþpuihuzndkrdz mus nv^ vt# nð auöuðudnð *isuzþuz Auwþð rðþzj muxufuðndkþuz mnpst gzendzndu, ýþpuauzndkþuz nðnbndsnf þd çxzr ýþpuyn.ndkþusç rðþzj mþuz=g mnðizjndjrz! Kt arsu r#zv gzþl htý= t^ uwe suirz ýuðrzþð uxu< uðetz wiýum mþðhnf giu, tð fuiýumudnð eþihuz Fnl=uz Fndðul! Zþðnpndkrdz .zeðt^ auýndjnds fouðt^ önaþðndz uwi+ðnduz cuxuzünðezþðndz ýndð auwðþzumjumuz muðüufroum ́^ m'þöðumujzt Buarz Ulyuw!

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T*ÖOUZ ULYTÐ ÞÐÞDUZR ST> ZÞÐMUWUJNDJ RÐ ZNÐ CUHUDTZG

Auwmumuz ,uündsnf çþsueðrv þd çþsuürð T+öouz Ulytð ,zu, t Kndð=rnw st<^ &Anyu^ Uðendrz/! Þðrýuiuðe çþsueðrvr uxu

{Rs cuhudtzzþðnd st< þi mg buðndzumþs wrbnpndkrdzzþðnd huahuzndsg ́^ giud Ulytð! {Þi ndöþjr zmuðuauzþl cuhudtz sg^ nð mg jnlujzt Kndð=rnw =upu=umuzndkrdzg% auiuðumumuz wrbnpndkrdzg snxujndkþuz suýzþlnd ndppndkþusç! Rs cuhudtzzþðg =upu=umuz auðjþð mg iýþp,þz rðþzj çþsuüðndkþusç! Þkt huýmþðulrj .+i=þðnf giþs^ uhu Kndð=ru mg zsuzr çuösuçzumuðuz btz=r sg^ ndð ýuðçþð uöüþðnd zþðmuwujndjrvzþð m'uhðrz! Þd þðç çzumuðuzr sg st< muw auðj sg^ uhu hþýndkrdzg mg ynðqt usndð yumþl uwe iþzþumr endxg! Rim ustz iþzþum nd çzumuðuz rð auðjþðz ndzr! Uwehti huýuaþjud 1915rz nd uýmt þý=^ srzvþd uwi+ð ul uwe =upu=umuzndkrdzg mg buðndzumndr! Þi uwe auðjþðg mg ynðqþs sbumnwkr sr

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{Uhuüuz m'þðmuðr srzvþd wudþðcndkrdz ́^ cuhudtzg mg huýst uwz suirz kt rzvhti ül.udnð aþðnindarz rð uduðýumuz ktör zrdkr huýðuiýndkþuz çþðndsnf =uzr sg usinduz ausuð m'ndppndr ethr þðmðr auðud-uðþdsndý= nd Irüðuzumþðýr st< ets wuzersuz mg szuw rð iþyumuz uzjþulr spquduz

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Þenduðe Zuluhuzýþuz Aumuöeþj Rð Kndð= Hubý+zumjrz

{KNDÐ?RU HRIR QU:NPR^ ÞKT BUÐNDZUMT ÜNÐ;ÞL UZJÞULR 97 IUÐRZÞÐND NONF ́

Rzvhti ,uz+k t^ Kndð=rnw Uðýu=rz Zu.uðuð Uastý Iufndý+plnd^ fþð<þði wuwýuðuðu, tð kt {Auwnj jþpuihuzndkþuz ́ auðrdðusþumr zu.ubþsrz^ Kndð=ru znð% þðþ= =uwlþðt çupmujþul ausumjndkrdz sg &=nshrzuirnz/ mg zu.uhuýðuiýt^ iumuwz uýnð ausuð Auwuiýuz endði htý= t üuw Uðju.tz^ rim Kndð=ru ausuünð,umjndkþuz sg hrýr imir auwmumuz Ýyrdx=r aþý!

Aumueuðqþlnf uwi .+i=þðndz^ Auwuiýuzr Uðýu=rz Zu.uðuð Þenduðe Zulhuzýþuz þðtm fþðuauiýuýþj kt auw-kð=umuz wuðuçþðndkrdzzþðnd lnd,ndsg htý= vt muhndr Uðju.r auðjrz!

Uz zbþj nð r ýuðçþðndkrdz Kndð=rnw uxu

{Kndð=ru uzjznp 97 ýuðrzþðndz qu.npu, t uwi ndppndkþusç lndð< =uwlþð uxzþlnd þd huýsndkþuz aþý þðþi ux þðþir üulnd rð suðýufuðndkþuz st

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UZRR UDÞÐUMZÞÐG ;UZ*KUJZÞL UÐUÇZÞÐND AUÖUÐNDSTM HUISNDKRDZZÞÐNF

Muðir Sbumnwkr Nd Uðndþiýr Srndkþuz Zu.uüua U=vuwt+ö Auwþðg Ýðçu, Gllul Mg Kndr Uzrr Uzjþultz

{Auhtðltð ́ muw=t

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{Uwi bð

U=vuwt+ö giud nð Uzrz euðþðt r fþð Kndð=ru-Auwuiýuz iuasuzrz fðuw þpu, t çuösukrd =upu=umðkndkrdzzþðnd ýuzýtð þd sþ, mnðndiý t nð Kndð=ru srzvþd uwi+ð vt mðju, çuduðuð vuynf ,uz+kujzþl Uzrz nd +üýndrl uznð öç+iubð at=þukzþðnf^ Sþýu=ir Ousçnd fðuw üýzndþlnd rð uxudþlndkþusç buý aþýu=ð=ðumuz t öç+iubð

Kndð=ru juðe vt mðju, +üýuünð,þl Uzrr muðþlrndkrdzzþðg^ srzvþd 1994 Uzrz szuj örzndnðumuz uðürlþul ü+ýrr st auiýuýndkrdzzþðg^sþz= uwi bð mðzuz= ,uz+kujzþl +üýuünð,þlnf {Auöuðndstm Ürbþðzþð ́ at=þukzþðg! Þkt uðuçzþðnd mnpst þðmuð ýuðrzþðt r fþð uðcþdnðndu, at=þukzþðg muðþzuz= yn.ueðþl uwi+ðnduz huwsuzzþðndz^ uwz uýþz Uzrz mg fuwþlt uwz buauüðüxndkrdzg nð uznð rðudndz=z t!

SUÐSUÐU- Muðir Sbumnwkr Srndkþuz Zu.uüuag ausnöndu, gllul mg kndr nð^ +ðrzum^ Ulr Huhuz nd =uxuindz uduöumzþðg^ mus zsuz+ðrzum at=þukzþð buý lud mg jnlujzþz Uzrr udþðumzþðg! Muðþlr t öuðsuzul nð sbumnwkr uzndznf .+inp huýui.uzuýnd uzq sg mðzuw +ðumuðür çþðþl uwi=uz öuðýndpr uxu

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ÇÞSUEÐRV UMRZTÝ?U ANLUZI UXU>UÐMÞJ LUD CUHUDTZ SG ZMUÐUAUZÞL {AUWNJ JÞPUÝHUZNDKÞUZ ́ SUÝRZ

Lþa çþsueðrv Umrzti=u Anluzý^ nð 9ðe sr uwzhrir cuhudtz sg nð lðrd hrýr jnlujzt Auwmumuz jþpuihuzndkþuz npçþðündkþuz usçnp< nürz!

Buçuk +ð Þðþduzr st< muösumþðhndu, suslnw uindlrir gzkuj=rz t nð Anluzý uðýuwuwýþj uwi üupuyuðg! Uz rð .+i=g ndppþlnf auw cnpnfndðerz^

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giud$ {End= ýumudrz htý= ndzr= huw=uðþlnd obsuðýndkrdzg ,uz+kujzþlnd ausuð ́!

Uz erýþl ýndud nð muzçuösukrd =upu=umuz auðjþð^ nðnz= uðþdsýþuz buðcuzmuðr ub.uðarz st< çuduðuð mþðhnf vþz ,uz+kujndu,! *ðrzum rzv rzv öuðüuju, suðerm çujuðqumuhti üupuyuð vndzrz kt 30- 40-50umuz kndumuzzþðndz rzvþð huýuaþjuz Ýnfþýumuz Srndkþuz st

Anluzý giud nð sðjuzumzþðg muðþdnð þz uznf nð sðjuzumudnðrz jnwj mndýuz kt üzuauýndu, þz nd =u

Þðþduzr Nimt ;rðuz yuxuý+zr gzkuj=rz jnwj ýðndþjud Anluzýrz {Skndkþuz st< ́ cuhudtzg nð *i=uðr kþmzu,nd t þd nðndz ausuð Anluzýrz hrýr ýðndr {Yuðuouznf ́r sðjuzum!

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AUWUÝIUZJR ÜNÐ;UÐUÐ MRZÞÐ UWJÞLÞJRZ IRWUÐHU?GÐR ?UPU?UHÞIRZ

Auwuiýuzjr mrz

ünð,uðuðzþðnd Irwuðhu=gðr ?upu=uhþý Huwýtsrðrz nd +üýubuý öðnwj sg ndzþjud uznð aþý! Uwjþlndzþðnd .ndsçrz st< trz Auw Ünð,uðuð Mrzþðnd :nðandðer zu.uüua Lrlrk Udþýriþuz^ Auwuiýuzr Ünð,uðuðzþðnd Srndkþuz ;ðuüðr Ausumuðünp Uðstz Sþl=nzþuz þd Auwuiýuzjr mrz ünð,uðuðzþð Smðýrvþuz Uzuarý^ Muðrzt Pndmuiþuz^ Wuisrm Ktðöþuz^ Zuðrzt

Hþýðniþuz^ Aðuznwb Ðtiktmþuz þd Suðru Hupýuiuðnfu! Lrlrk Udþýriþuz wuwýzþj nð uwi uwjþlndkrdzg rðumuzujndju, þz uznð ausuð nð Kndð=rnw þd Auwuiýuzr sr<þd erduzuürýumuz muhþð vmuz þd kt mg auduýuz nð uwjþlndkrdzzþðnd uwi ,ðuürðg hrýr ö+ðujzt þðmnd audu=umuzndkrdzzþðnd sr<þd muhg!

Rim =upu=uhþý *isuz Huwýtsrð giud nð rz= mg auduýuw nð anz ndð mzn< sg qþx=g mg ehvr^ anz mu.uðeuz= mg iýþp,ndr! Sr

{Izýþiumuz þd gzmþðuwrz fþðumuzüzndsg sþör hrýr uxu

.ndsç sg st< uwjþlþj *isuz

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glluw uwz zhuiýg önð hrýr çþðt= aubýndkþuz! Sbumndkuwrz uxndýndðg^ mus uxþdýðumuz uxndýndðg sr

?upu=uhþýg wrbþjndj nð Irwuðhu=gðg çuösukrd lþöndzþðnf^ çuösukrd sbumnwkzþðnd þd çuösukrd mð+z=zþðnd =upu= sgz tð^ çuwj sþ, judþð þd npçþðündkrdzzþð auðndu, r<þjndjrz uznð uwi suizuwuýmndkþuz fðuw! Uwi+ðnduz iþðndzeg rð iðýrz st< mg euýuhuðýt auðrdð ýuðr uxu uz.pondkrdzg! {Uwi+ðnduz iþðndzeg m'ndöt np

?upu=uhþý Huwýtsrð rð ardðþðndz zndrðþj rdpuzþðm sg^ nðndz fðuw mg ýþizndtð Ýndðç Mrðumni Þmþpþjrz!

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{Ýuhua ́r St< Ndbuüðud W+endu, Sg {SÞÐ AUWMUMUZ AUÐJG^ UÐEUÐ WRBNPNDKRDZ ÞD 2015 ́

{Ýuhua ́r þðtmnduz krdrz st< T+stð Kubygzuð w+endu, sg pðmu, tð Ndubrzmkgztz! :nðuürðz t {Sþð auwmumuz auðjg^ uðeuð wrbnpndkrdz þd 2015 ́!

W+endu,uürðg mg wrbþjzt kt Kndð=rnw Uðýu=rz Zu.uðuð Uastý Iufndý+plnd auwmumuz auðjr suirz lðuüðnpzþðnd aþý .+iþlnd gzkuj=rz giu, tð nð htý= ndzrz= {uðeuð wrbnpndkþuz ́ sg! Zu.uðuðg giu, tð nð uwi suðöt zþði htý= t nð znð lþönd sg öuðüujzþz=! {Uwi+ð auwþðndz ersuj vmuw Zu.uðuð sg nð git kt 1915rz nvr_zv huýuaþjud! Þi jþpuihuzndkrdz çuxg vþs ünð,u,þð^ çuwj þkt stmg ünð,u,t^ uýrmu uznð gzýðndkrdzz t! Sþz= auwþðnd judþðg vþz= ndðuzuð^ rzv nð gzþl htý= t^ sruirz gzþz= m'giþz=! Çuwj mnpszumrj vþz= srumnpsuzr wuwýuðuðndkþuz ́^ giu, tð Iufndý+plnd!

Iufndý+plnd wuwýzu, tð nð kndð=þðg üþðsuzzþðndz vþz zsuzrð^ sþð huýsndkþuz st< tkzr= ihuzer mus mtkk+r auimujnpndkrdz vmuw! Ý.ul m'glluw 1915-g zujrzþðndz gðu,rz zsuzjzþl!

W+endu,uürðg ünfuiuz=r uðcuzr üýu, t Uastý Iufndý+plndr uwi wuwýuðuðndkrdzg^ suzuduze nð Iufndý+plnd uwi wuwýuðuðndkrdzg gðu, t uxuzj ihuiþlnd nð uðýu=rz ozbnds sg örz=g iýrht .+iþlnd^ rzvhti mg huýuar þðç USZr ?nzmðtig +ðumuðür mg çþðt çuzuqþd^ mus (ðuziuwr :nðaðeuðuzg mg =ndtuðmt auwmumuz jþpuihuzndkþuz +ðtz= sg!

Iufndý+plnd .+iu, t uxuzj uðýu=rz ozbndsr^ jnwj ýulnf nð ub.nwc þðm.+indkþuz sg imiþlnd cusuzumg þmu, t! 1915g npçþðündkrdz sgz tð^ çuwj uirmu sruwz auwþðndz ausuð npçþðündkrdz vtð^ znwz kndumuzrz srlrnzudnð kndð=þð nd suasþýumuzzþð ul ihuzzezþðnd þzkuðmndþjuz mus rðþzj anpþðtz uðýu=indþjuz! Ndðþsz gzendzþlr vt nð srumnpsuzr wuzjuünð,ndkþuz wuwýuðuðndkrdz muýuðndr!

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Uwi mtýtz uzerz w+endu,ürðg m'gzt rdðuwuýndm .nðaðeu,ndkrdz þd m'git nð fþðr ýþiumtýzþðg Kndð=rnw ýþiuzmrdztz çudumuz auindz þd ýðusuçuzumuz mðzuz zmuýndrl^ çuwj ecçu.ýuçuð uwe .+i=þðg ihuindu,rz vuy eðumuz uöeþjndkrdz sg hrýr vünð,þz Auwuiýuzr nd Auwmumuz Ýyrdx=rz fðuw! Huýouxg huðö t! *isuzþuz muwiðndkþuz fþð

W+endu,uürð Kubygzuð iuhti m'þöðumujzt rð w+endu,g$ {Uzbndbý nð sþð irðýg hrýr judr Hul=uzzþðnd^ Mtlrhnlndr^ Þtstzr st< sþxu, kndð=þðndz ausuð^ çuwj rðuýþi mþjndu,= vt auwþðt ihuiþl nð uznz= ul çuczþz sþð uwi judg^ nðnfaþýþd auwþðz nd Auwuiýuz çujuðqumuhti huýui.uzuýnd vtrz Mtlrhnlndr^ Hul=uzzþðnd mus Þtstzr st< sþð uhðu, npçþðündkþztz ́!

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KNDÐ?RNW MÐ*ZUÝTÐZÞÐG LND;NDS HTI? T ÜIZÞZ 1915-R AUÐJNF ÇUJNDU; FTÐ?RZ

Htý= T Iþizþl Kt Rzvhrir Öndüuaþxumuzndkrdz Sg Muw 100 Iuðr Uxu

Ausujuzjr fðuw aðuýuðumndu, t T+stð (uðnd= Mtðmtðlr+plndr iýnðuüðndkþusç w+endu, sg^ nð m'uzeðueuxzuw Kndð=rnw çuösukrd auðjþðndz^ uznzj st< mg yzýxt Ftlr ?rdvrd=zþðnd zsuz =upu=umuz suðenj huýui.uzuýndndkrdzg^ uhu .+i=g mg muht 1915-r huýuauðzþðndz nd mg hubýhuzt uwz ýþiumtýg kt çnlnð uwi auðjþðndz lnd,ndsg eðndu, t Kndð=rnw mð+zuitð nd auduýujþul suðenj ndiþðndz fðuw!

?ðýumuz auðjr st<^ 28 Yþýðnduðr auðjrz st<^ mus 12 Ýþhýþsçþðr auðjrz st< þðmðrz fuðrvzþðg auzðuhþýndkþuz arszndstz srzvþd uwi+ð srbý eth=þðndz zuwþjuz uxuzj auzþlnd rðþzj qrnd umznjg! Rilusumuz bð

Ýu +ðþðndz^ þðç mg s+ýþzuw 1915-r auðrdðusþumg^ uzauzüiýndkrdz sg muw rilusumuz bð ub.uðarz .nðaðeuðuzzþðndz st< +ðumuðür çþðndþjud^ nðnbndszþð gzendzndþjuz! Sþð s+ý ul uwi auðjg auzðuwrz muð,r=rz s+ý uðkzjud UÝULU-r srlrkuzzþðndz norðzþðnf! Rzvhti çuösukrd auðjþðnd^ znwzhti uwi auðjrz st< zu. gindþjud nð çuz sg vt huýuau,^ uhu musuj musuj auiuz= uwz mtýrz ndð gindþjud nð muðü sg eth=þð huýuau, þz^ huýsuçuzzþðnd wuzqzu.ndsç sg muösþz=! Srzveþx ýþpuauzndkþuz auðjr lnd,suz ausuð ustztz uxu< uzaðucþbý t auwþðnd judg öüul snðkr fðuw þd auðjg lnd,þlnd uzmþp, yuyu=z ndzþzul! Knð=rnw auduýujþul suðermg arsu euðqþul ani t nð =zzndkrdz sg hrýr ýuz!

Bð rkkrauýumuzzþðg^ ül.udnðndkþusç þðþ= yubuzþðnd muösu, aðniu.ndsçr^ gzýðþjrz ustztz öuðýndpr nðnbndsg ýþpuauzndkþuz suirz þd þðmðtz

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fýuðþjrz auðrdð auöuðudnð suðerm! Uirmu çuju, t buý .nðndzm ftð= sg! Hþýndkrdzg^ þkt rðudumuz hþýndkrdz tð^ cnpnfndðezþðnd nd aðniu.ndsçþðnd sr<þd huýuau, ihuzezþðndz lnd,nds sg üýu, gllulnd tð!

Rkkrauýumuzzþðnd muösu, hþýndkrdzg .þluwþp lnd,ndsg gzýðþj nd muð,þj nð auðjg hrýr lnd,t auwþðg uwi þðmðtz fýuðþlnf! Çuwj arsu uauduirm sþð ersuj t auðj sg nð +ðt +ð mg aimuwuzuw þd arsu rilus bð

Iþpuauzndkþuz huýui.uzuýndzþðg mu_s þðmðtz .nwi ýndrz^ mus qþdg üýuz nd uöuýþjuz þðmðr euýuðuzzþðtz nd hþýndkþuz Zu.uðuð ul euðquz! Uwihrirzþðnd mnpst arszndu, hþýndkrdz sg rzvn#d auðju=zzndkrdz çuzuw ýþpuauzndkþuz suirz! Çuwj kndð= cnpnfndðez t nð fouðþj aubndþjndjumg!

Auðjg htý= t endði çþðþl {jþpuihuzndkrdz þpu, t^ mus vt þpu, ́r çuzuftotz nd htý= t auðj ýul kt n#dð i.ul ünð,þjrz= þd n#ðz t nð orbe t uimt fþð

ՄԱՐՄԱՐԱ

ÐUMGH ÖUÐU?*LND ND KUZTÐ U?VUS ZRD ÞNÐ?R FUÐEUZUZJ UÝHÞIZÞÐND MNPST IUÐDNWZ SUÐEG AXVUMNDÞJUZ

Wuwýzr kndð= sýudnðumuz nd Htlmt aðuýuðumvuýuz iþyumuzuýtð^ auw cnpnfndðer çuðþmus Ðumgh Öuðu=+lnd^ usþðrmuçzum kndð= huýsuçuz Kuztð U=vusr aþý sruirz {Iuðdnwz Suðeg ́ axvumndþjud Zrd Þnð=r st< {Fuðeuzuzj Uihþýzþð ́ Auwmumuz muösumþðhndkþuz mnpst! Öuðu=+lnd^ ýumudrz buðndzumndnp euýr aþýþduz=nf vmðjud zþðmuw üýzndrl Zrd Þnð=r st< muwuju, auzerindkþuz^ ndð örz=g zþðmuwujndjrz uznð nðerz Otwsi Btðt) þd .+iþjþulg Uzzu Kndsuzi=r! Öuðu=+lndr nðerz anz muðeuj zuþd rð a+ðg huýüusg% kð=þðtz lþöndnf!

Aumuxum nð stm +ð fþð< iðýr çuj ünð,npndkþuz sg hrýr þzkuðmndtð^ Fuðeuzuzj Uihþýzþðnd muðmuxndz fuðrvzþðtz Yð+)$ Itzri Yuyuöþuz zþðmuw üýzndþjud auzerindkþuz! Auzerindkþuz mg zu.uüuatð Uðþdþlþuz kþsr Uxu

Fuðeuzuzj Uihþýzþðg muösumþðhndkrdzg arszndu, t 1916rz nd uwi muösumþðhndkrdzg uwi+ð fuðcuðuzzþð mg muxndjuzt Auwuiýuzr up=uýrm ürdpþðndz st

ÐUMGH ÖUÐU?*LNDR HUIÜUSG Öuðu=+lnd rð nðednwz mnpst muðeujndu, rð huýüusrz st< jud wuwýzþj nð vt

mðju, zþðmuw üýzndrl nd giud nð r"zv sþp= nð rð irðþlr þðmðrz st< ýumudrz mg buðndzumndrz 1915-r jþpuihuzndkþuz ndðujndsr mus su=ðuünð,ndsr =upu=umuzndkrdzzþðg! Mg ünð,ueðndr nvzvujsuz =upu=umuzndkrdz sg^ nð zu.nðe bð

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Öuðu=+lnd erýþl ýndud nð Kndð=ru +isuzjrzþðtz uierz buðndzum wþpubð

Öuðu=+lnd huýsþj kt uzjþulr st< rzvhrir ünð,umjndkrdz sg ndzþju, Kuztð U=vusr aþý^ nðndz aþý arsu mg çuczt Iuðdnwz Suðeg axvumndþlnd huýrdg! Zbþj Yð+)$ I+=k$ Kuztð U=vusrz aðuýuðumu, ürð=þðg Auwnj jþpuihuzndkþuz nd 1915-r huýuauðzþðndz muhumjndkþusç^ giud nð U=vus srbý zu.gzýðþj rð ub.uýuz=g arszudnðþl kð=umuz uð.rdzþðnd fðuw^ nðnfaþýþd mg ýþiztð nð kð=umuz mnpst rzvhti uzfudþð mg zmuýtð nd mðum mg cuwk=tð +ýuð upçrdðzþðnd fðuw^ rzvhrirz trz Snðmtzkundr ürð=g^ mus Uzülrujrzþðnd Muhnwý Ürð=g mus Uzýnzþuzr yuiýukndpkþðg! Çuwj r"zv sþp= nð uz vmðjud udþlr þðmuð szul Kndð=rnw st< nd iýrhndþjud rð ub.uýuz=g buðndzumþl Usþðrmuwr st

Öuðu=+lnd wuwýzþj nð rz= zþðmuwri mg huýðuiýt ürð= sg nðndz .nðuürðz t$ {20 ýuðr fþð< Auwmumuz kuhndz - Ktðznz-Öuðu=+lnd euýufuðndkrdzg ́!

Öuðu=+lnd jud wuwýzþj nð aumuxum nð usçnp< Uzuýnlndr st< uwlþdi mg ünð,t uzausuð ausliuðuzzþðnd juzj sg^ ýumudrz vt arszndu, jþpuihuzndkþuz aþýuö+ýsuz tzikrkrd sg!

Uwi+ð Kndð=rnw st< ünwndkrdz ndzr jþpuihuzndkþuz ndðujndsr ouðýuðuðndþiý sg^ çuwj aumuxum uýnð^ uwlþdi vmuw 15 ýuðr uxu

Öuðu=+lnd rð huýüusr fþð

ՄԱՐՄԱՐԱ

FM Nalbandian Warns Turkey Against Linking Rapprochement

Process with Karabakh

ARMENIA -- The normalization of the Armenia-Turkey ties should have nothing to do with the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict settlement, Armenian FM Edward Nalbandian has said, commenting on a statement by his Turkish counterpart.

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said recently that his country is preparing a three-step plan ahead of the 100th anniversary of Genocide, but he warned that its implementation would be possible provided Armenia liberates Karabakh. and Turkey starts cooperation with the Armenian Diaspora.

Objecting to Davutoglu’s remark, Armenia’s top diplomat said that the world community proposes instead ratifying the bilateral protocols without preconditions.

“Turkey failed, in the past 97 years, to take serious steps in this direction and confront its history. If it is going to act in the same manner in the coming three years, proposing a combination of steps that lead nowhere, it will not succeed,” Nalbandian said. “Instead of such combinations suggested by Turkey international community suggests another combination – ratification of protocols without any preconditions, implementation of those protocols without preconditions and avoid connect the settlement of Armenian- Turkish relations with Nagorno-Karabakh conflict” stated Armenian foreign minister.

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Contradicting Minsk Group Co-Chairs Statement

Azerbaijan Again Warns Against Openingof Karabakh Airport

BAKU/YEREVAN -- Azerbaijan appeared to have renewed on Monday its threats to shoot down civilian aircraft that would carry out flights between Armenia and Nagorno- Karabakh without its permission.

The authorities in Baku warned of “corresponding measures” just days after international mediators discussed the matter during their latest tour of the Karabakh conflict zone.

In a statement issued on Friday, the U.S., Russian and French diplomats co-chairing the OSCE Minsk Group said they “received renewed assurances from the sides that they will reject any threat or use of force against civil aircraft, pursue the matter through diplomatic steps, and refrain from politicizing the issue.”

“The Co-Chairs reaffirmed that operation of this airport cannot be used to support any claim of a change in the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and urged the sides to act in accordance with international law and consistent with current practice for flights over their territory,” the statement added without elaborating.

The Azerbaijani State Civil Aviation Administration said in that regard that the planned Y erevan-Stepanakert flights would constitute an “invasion” of Azerbaijan’ s internationally recognized airspace and that “taking corresponding measures in connection with that is inevitable.”

“According to international norms, Azerbaijan has sovereign rights to its airspace,” a spokesman for the government body told the APA news agency. “Those who enter that airspace without permission shall be considered to have breached the air borders.”

The Azerbaijani government first voiced such threats, in more explicit terms, early last year when authorities in Karabakh announced the impending reconstruction of the territory’s sole airport located near Stepanakert. Baku seemed to have backed away from the threats in April 2011 after being criticized by mediating powers.

The launch of first commercial flights to and from Karabakh in two decades has been repeatedly postponed since then, even though the airport’s reconstruction was essentially completed by the end of 2011. Also, a newly established Karabakh airline reportedly acquired two aircraft for Yerevan-Stepanakert flights earlier this year. An official in Stepanakert told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am) last month that the flight service is likely to be launched before the end of this summer.

The airport stopped functioning in 1991 amid intensifying armed clashes in Karabakh that degenerated into a full-scale Armenian-Azerbaijani war. Transport communication between Karabakh and the outside world has since been carried out by land, via Armenia.

Armenian Government Loses Another

European Court Case

YEREVAN -- The European Court of Human Rights has ordered the Armenian government to pay 2,500 euros ($3,000) in compensatory damages to a prominent lawyer more than six years after he was arrested on highly controversial charges.

The human rights lawyer, Vahe Grigorian, on Tuesday described the ruling as a “slap in the face of Armenia’s law-enforcement system” and said he will now step up his efforts to be formally cleared of wrongdoing.

Grigorian was arrested in October 2005, charged with fraud and forgery and kept in pre-trial detention for almost five months after helping several families in Yerevan to file

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lawsuits with the European Court. The clients of his Right law firm were among hundreds of families evicted from their old houses as part of a massive redevelopment in the city center.

Many of them staged protests, saying that financial compensation offered to them was set well below the market value of their properties because of government corruption. The authorities denied the accusations and insisted that most displaced families are satisfied with the sums paid by the state. The redevelopment overseen by then President Robert Kocharian went ahead even after it was effectively declared illegal by Armenia’s Constitutional Court in 2006.

Grigorian has insisted, both then and now, that his arrest was government retribution for his cooperation with some of the evicted people. Armenia’s National Security Service (NSS), which brought the fraud charges, has denied that. The NSS freed the lawyer in February 2006 but has still not closed the criminal case on the grounds that two individuals who had testified against the lawyer fled the country and remain on the run.

In its verdict announced late last week, the Strasbourg court ruled that this legal limbo constitutes a violation of Grigorian’s right to fair trial guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. It said he must therefore be compensated for the excessive delay.

“This is a good way to keep undesirable people under constant pressure,” Grigorian told RFE/RL’s Armenian service (Azatutyun.am), referring to the NSS’s stance. The lawyer, who has also represented dozens of Armenian opposition members prosecuted since 2008, said he will now petition law-enforcement authorities to send the case to court or drop it altogether. Grigorian said earlier that at least 20 Yerevan families have taken the government to the European Court after exhausting all possibilities of legal action in Armenia. The court has ordered the government to compensate at least three of them.

U.S. Army Europe Commander Visits Armenia

The commander of the U.S. Army in Europe, Lieutenant General Mark Hertling, inspects Armenian peacekeeping troops in Yerevan

YEREVAN -- The commander of U.S. Army troops stationed in Europe, Lieutenant General Mark Hertling, met with Armenia’s top military leaders and discussed growing U.S.-Armenian military ties during a visit to Yerevan on Wednesday.

Hertling held separate talks with Defense Minister Seyran Ohanian and Colonel General Yuri Khachaturov, chief of the Armenian army’s General Staff, on the second leg of a regional tour that he began in Georgia on Tuesday. He also visited Armenia’ s main military academy and watched training exercises held by Armenian soldiers.

Some of them represented a special Armenian army brigade that has contributed troops to U.S.-led multinational missions abroad. A 35-strong detachment of the brigade flew to Kosovo on Friday, resuming Yerevan’s participation in a NATO-led peacekeeping force

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deployed in the former Yugoslav province. The platoon is serving there under U.S. command.

According to the Armenian Defense Ministry, Hertling discussed with Ohanian and Khachaturov the Armenian deployment in Kosovo and broader U.S.-Armenian military cooperation. That includes training of Armenian military personnel and Armenian participation in multinational exercises organized by the U.S. Army in Europe, said a ministry statement.

“During the meetings the two sides noted the high-level of U.S.-Armenian defense cooperation and discussed prospects for its development,” added the statement.

Ohanian, who visited Washington in March, said earlier this month that that cooperation entered a “more coordinated and targeted phase” last year. John Heffern, the U.S. ambassador to Armenia who was present at Hertling’s talks, likewise hailed last week “tremendous growth” in bilateral military ties which he said has occurred in the last three years.

The Armenian military announced in February that the two nations will likely hold soon first-ever bilateral exercises that will be primarily aimed at improving the interoperability of their forces deployed in Afghanistan. Neither side has reported such drills yet, however.

Syrian Armenians Complain About Armavia’s High Ticket Prices

Hripsime Margarian and Harut Palulian

YEREV AN -- Syrian Armenians say they can not afford to come to Armenia because the tickets are expensive.

Hripsime Margarian, head of sub- committee on youth affairs at Armenia’ s public council, said they cannot come to Armenia because of high prices set by national carrier Armavia.

“We must create a system of discounts,” she said at a press conference on Saturday urging to address Armenia’ s Ministry of Transport and Communication.

Syrian-Armenian economist Harut Palulian also expressed discontent with services provided by Armenian carrier.

The ticket price for the first flight, carried out after a break, went up by $150. Armavia’s Aleppo-Yerevan- Aleppo ticket prices is $470, while Syrian companies offer

the same flight at only $320, he said adding that Syrian companies’ tickets are sold out. Harut said he wants to live and work in Armenia and had already torn his return ticket. Speaking about Syria, he said the Armenian community will be facing a difficult situation

if the current government is overthrown. Armavia resumed regular flights to Syria on July 2, amid a growing influx of Syrian

nationals of Armenian descent fleeing the escalating violence in the troubled Middle Eastern state.

Hundreds of Syrian Armenians are believed to have moved to Armenia in recent months. With no end to fighting in Syria in sight, thousands of others may follow suit in the following months. According to immigration authorities in Yerevan, about 3,000 of them applied for Armenian citizenship last year and another 2,700 in the first five months of this year.

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OSCE Again Calls for Withdrawal of Snipers from Armenian- Azeri Frontline

ARMENIA -- The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe on Thursday renewed its calls for the parties to the Nagorno- Karabakh conflict to withdraw snipers from the frontlines and agree to joint investigations of growing truce violations there.

Lamberto Zannier, the OSCE secretary general, made a case for this and other confidence-building measures during a visit to Yerevan that marked the second leg of his regional

tour. The Karabakh dispute was high on the agenda of his talks with President Serzh Sarkisian and Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian.

“The conflict must be resolved peacefully and the OSCE is ready to use all of its instruments ... to achieve a peaceful resolution of the conflict,” Zannier told a joint news conference with Nalbandian. “Of course, the status quo is not a solution but we should avoid armed incidents by all means,” he said.

Zannier made similar statements after his talks with Azerbaijani leaders in Baku on Monday. He said he is “deeply concerned” by recent fighting around Karabakh and along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border, which killed at least a dozen soldiers on both sides.

The ideas of sniper withdrawal and joint investigations of armed incidents have been advanced in the last few years by senior OSCE officials as well as the U.S., Russian and French mediators acting under the OSCE aegis. The OSCE’s chairman-in-office, Irish Foreign Minister Eamon Gilmore, insisted on them when he visited Baku and Yerevan last month.

Unlike the Armenian side, Azerbaijan has repeatedly spoken out against sniper withdrawal. Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov also effectively rejected last month a mechanism for joint investigations proposed by the mediators.

“If we start applying that mechanism now, that will only mean reinforcing the status quo, which is unacceptable,” Mammadyarov said after talks with Gilmore. “If Armenia does not want its soldiers to die, then it must liberate Azerbaijan’s lands. If this happens, there will be no need for snipers in the first place,” he added.

Nalbandian complained about Baku’s stance at the news conference with Zannier. “This is the reality, but there is no alternative to negotiations and Armenia will carry on with negotiations and efforts at a quick settlement of the conflict,” he said.

Lamberto Zannier and Edward Nalbandian

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Armenia, Iran Plan Cross-Border ‘Friendship Park’

YEREV AN -- Armenia and Iran fleshed out on Tuesday plans for the establishment of a natural reserve on either side of their border, which is meant to symbolize and cement growing cooperation between the two neighboring states.

The issue topped the agenda of a three-day visit to Armenia by Mohammad-Javad Mohammad-izadeh, head of Iran’ s Environmental Protection Organization, a government agency. Mohammadizadeh, who

is also one of his country’s 12 vice-presidents, discussed it with President Serzh Sarkisian, Deputy Prime Minister Armen Gevorgian and Environment Protection Minister Aram Harutiunian.

The creation of the Friendship and Peace Park is envisaged by an Armenian-Iranian agreement on joint environment protection that was signed by Mohammadizadeh and Harutiunian in Tehran in March. They signed a follow-up memorandum of understanding in Y erevan.

The two officials elaborated on those plans at a joint conference. In particular, it was announced that the park will cover around 65,000 hectares (160,000 acres) of land straddling the Arax river, which marks the Armenian-Iranian border.

Gevorgian was quoted by his press service as stressing the project’s importance at the meeting with the visiting Iranian official. He said it will not only protect wildlife and flora in the mountainous area but also promote ecotourism.

It was not clear just when the conservation area will be formally set up. Mohammadizadeh will travel on Wednesday to Armenia’s southeastern Syunik province bordering Iran to familiarize himself with 34,000 hectares of land set aside for the project from the Armenian side.

The Armenian-Iranian park will be close to the site of a hydroelectric plant which the two governments plan to build on the Arax. The construction of the 140-megawatt facility, estimated to cost $350 million, is due to start next month. An agreement to that effect that was announced after Iranian Energy Minister Majid Namjou’s June 4 visit to Yerevan. Another top Iranian official, Interior Minister Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar, visited the Armenian capital last week. He praised the Islamic Republic’s growing ties with Armenia, saying that they should “serve as a model for the other neighboring countries.”

The Arax river separating Armenia and Iran.

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Knights and Daughters of Vartan Grand Convocation in New York Taner Akçam and Ragip Zarakolu Men of the Year

By Aram Arkun Mirror-Spectator

The Knights and Daughters of Vartan held their ninety-fourth annual Grand Convocation from July 4 to 7 in New York City. Members came from lodges throughout the United States and Canada to participate in workshops and plan strategies and activities for the future. Along with meetings, they enjoyed various social activities which culminated in an evening banquet in downtown New York. The Grand Convocation was hosted by the Mamigonian Lodge and the Anahid Otyag of Brooklyn.

Grand Commander Dennis Papazian and Grand Matron Agnes Sahagian hosted an inaugural reception at the Trinity Place Bar and Restaurant for the participants where they could observe New York’s world-famous fireworks on the Fourth of July. The next day, workshops were followed by a boat cruise around New York City and dinner at the Water’s Edge Restaurant accompanied with music by DJ Alan, while Friday’s entertainment included a luncheon hosted by the Daughters of Vartan and a “kef night” at Kavookjian Hall of the Armenian Diocese accompanied with dinner. Despite a long day, the attendees, including many in their seventies and eighties, danced up a storm to the Armenian music. The culmination of the weekend was a grand banquet on Saturday night at the Marriott Downtown, the New York base for the convocation’s activities.

The 2012 convocation was the culmination of the activities of the last two years under the leadership of Grand Commander Papazian. The motto of his administration was modernization. As Papazian declared later, the goal was “to bring the Knights of Vartan into the twenty-first century. To accomplish that, I wanted to adopt all sorts of modern communication techniques to make our operation more efficient and bring our people together, somewhat parallel to the Facebook model, through constant contact, videos, and virtual visitations, while protecting the venerable traditions of the organization.” A national office was opened in Peabody, Massachusetts, with a new national clerk. A digitalization process for the voluminous archives of the Knights was initiated. The organization’s journal was brought up to date and running.

Furthermore, the Knights and Daughters continued their programs to provide scholarships for Armenian Americans, and college assistance for young people in Armenia, while contributing to Armenian internships in Washington D.C., the construction of homes in Armenia and the rehabilitation of schools there.

The 2012 convocation was unusual in several ways. At the grand banquet, for perhaps the first time, a major Armenian-American organization gave awards to two people of Turkish origin, Professor Taner Akçam of Clark University and Ragip Zarakolu. They received the humanitarian “Man of the Year” award. As Papazian declared, “In some ways, it is earthshaking.”

Zarakolu, a prominent publisher and human rights activist in Istanbul, has published many books on the Armenians and the Armenian Genocide, as well as on Greek and Kurdish issues, despite the risks this entails in Turkey. He has been imprisoned and faced state persecution for his actions. While he was not able to attend in person, as his second recent trial was in progress, he sent his son James Seref Holle with the latter’s partner to accept the award on his behalf.

Akçam also was imprisoned in Turkey as a youth, but was able to escape to Germany, where he obtained a doctorate on Turkish nationalism and the Armenian Genocide. Dr. Vahakn Dadrian was an important mentor for Akçam on the Armenian Genocide. Akçam came to the United States sometime around 2000, and after holding several academic positions was appointed to the Robert Aram, Marianne Kaloosdian, and Stephen and Marion Mugar Chair in Armenian Genocide Studies in 2008. He is the author of several books on the Armenian Genocide.

In his acceptance speech, Akçam declared that “this is a very emotional moment, and the reason should be obvious.” It was in a sense an acknowledgment of the changes in Armenian-Turkish relations over the past twenty to thirty years. Akçam asked listeners to “view this award through a time tunnel.” If for Armenians a Turk in the past was “someone who murdered your ancestors...who supported the policy of denial that the Turkish government promotes today,” the Turks thought of Armenians as “‘traitors’ and ‘backstabbers’ who plotted against the Ottoman regime and murdered our innocent diplomats.” When Akçam first came to the United States many Armenians thought he had to be some sort of Turkish agent.

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Armenians still live locked in the “time tunnel” by the policies of the Turkish government as victims of Genocide, while most Turks, as descendants of genocide perpetrators, “have no sense of history whatsoever. This thing that is frozen in time for you and which lives on today, doesn’t exist for us. Our youth have very little idea of what happened in 1915, or in history generally. ... We wrongly believe that you accuse today’s Turk of being a murderer.”

Thus, Akçam concluded, “One side is frozen in the tunnel of history and the other side is completely unaware of its existence.” For him, the Knights of Vartan award symbolized “the creation of a new cultural space in which we develop a new language and a new discourse. The meaning of Turks and Armenians is different in this new space and time has a different meaning too....By reconstructing the past in our new present, we will build a beautiful future.”

In this future, “in this new space, we Turks and Armenians oppose and condemn the annihilation of human beings because of their ethnic or religious identity. The Armenian Genocide was a crime in human history, and whoever cannot condemn it has no moral right to denounce such crimes occurring today. ... We have to fight for a better future not only for Turks or Armenians but for all of humanity.”

Mr. and Mrs Zvi Kichel, representing the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, generously donated copies of Taner Akcam’s most recent book, The Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity, to the guests at the banquet, courtesy of Eduardo Eurnekian, the chairman of the foundation.

At the convocation’s grand banquet, Grand Recorder Leo Manuelian received a plaque from Papazian for his unique service to the Knights. Convocation General Chairman Antranik Platyan and Co-Chair Jaklin Platyan were thanked by Papazian for their yeoman’s work for the 2012 convocation. Archbishop Khajag Barsamian, Primate of the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, delivered the invocation, declaring: “For generations now, the Knights and Daughters of Vartan has been the seed-bed of leadership in the Armenian community. Through its outreach efforts, countless people have been drawn into the orbit of Armenian life. Bless, O Lord, these fine men and women, who have done so much to advance the Armenian heritage in this country.”

Grand Matron Agnes B. Sahagian of Worcester declared that the Daughters of Vartan had a new project, the support of the St. Tarkmanchatz School of Jerusalem. Though a new otyag or chapter was established in Costa Mesa last year, declining membership poses a challenge for the future.

Sahagian commented afterwards that she was able to meet with many present and past officials of the Daughters of Vartan in fruitful meeting at this year’s convocation. She exclaimed, “It was wonderful!” Significantly greater unity was achieved between the men and women in this year’s meetings. Sahagian explained, “When the men were going to have the installation of officials, I went alone but one of the girls from Boston wanted to join, so I said of course. Then I decided that if I let one come all should be able to come with me. ... The men, I believe, were honored to have us there. Then the men came to our room to watch my reinstallation and the installation of other officials.”

Many former grand commanders, grand matrons, and other high ranking leaders of the Knights and Daughters of Vartan were present at the event, while Ambassador Garen Nazarian, representative of the Republic of Armenia to the United Nations, attended the grand banquet reception prior to traveling. Several scholarships were presented at the banquet.

Mezzo soprano Hasmik Meikhanedjian sang the national anthems of the United States, Canada, and Armenia at the start of the banquet, while fourteen-year-old Arthur Ipek ably performed a compilation of Armenian and classical music on the piano toward its end. Meikhanedjian is a graduate of the Gomidas State Conservatory of Yerevan and the soloist of the St. Vartan Cathedral Choir, while Ipek is a 2009 graduate of Holy Martyrs Armenian Day School.

This year’s convocation was important for the future direction of the Knights and Daughters. Nigoghos Atinizian began his term as the new grand commander for the next two years. He stated dramatically in his speech, “Today we mark a new beginning, a new beginning for the next hundred years. It is of vital importance that leaders, not only within the Knights, but as Armenians, regardless of organization, that we think where we want to go as a people, to make the greatest contribution, as Armenians. Let us not trap ourselves in the quicksand of history. Let us always take one step forward followed by another step forward, but always together, as one. Let us not live in the sins of the past. ... Our legacy begins tonight.”

Papazian later declared, “It was a landmark meeting because the torch was passed to a new generation. Those of us who served long and hard needed to bring in the younger people, and we did. We have a very strong group taking over. They have energy; they are excited, and inspired. They have new progressive attitudes and techniques.”

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Shengavit:

By Joseph Dagdigian

Archaeology, Renovations Progressing

Shengavit District, Y erevan: Work is progressing on much needed repairs and maintenance at the Shengavit Historical and Archaeological Culture Preserve inY erevan. Thanks to support from the Cambridge Y erevan Sister City Association (CYSCA) and members of the U.S. Armenian community Shengavit’s director, Vladimir Tshagharyan, is implementing critically needed maintenance and repairs at the site. Mr. Tshagharyan was appointed as Shengavit’s director about 2 years ago.

In the 1930’ s it was discovered that the Shengavit site, on the southern outskirts of Yerevan along the Hrazdan River, contained a stone age settlement dating to about 4.000 BC on 10-12 hectares (25 – 30 acres) of land. A number of Armenian historians, archaeologists, and intellectuals worked to examine and preserve the site. Among the first to do so,during the Soviet era, was a group headed by Hovsep Orbelli working together with the Armenian History Museum. One of the early researchers,Yevgeni Bayburtyan, was arrested by Stalin’s secret police and executed as “an enemy of the people”. The soviets subsequently covered a significant portion of the site with a large hospital thus eliminating any further examination of the archaeological record on that tract of land. Yet Armenians persevered and were able to save much of the site. Archeological investigations have been conducted on and off since the initial investigations. After independence four segments of the preserve, amounting to nearly 40% of its area, were illegallysold to individuals and privatized. Director Tshagharyan spent a year and a half petitioning the Yerevan city hall, the public prosecutor’s office, and the court system with reams of evidence, including archaeological reports and photographs of the site, proving that this area was to be preserved for historical and archaeological research. In May of this year (2012), ina nearly unprecedented action,

the illegally privatized land was returned to the Shengavit preserve. About a year ago CYSCA initiated a program, working with director Tshagharyan, to

help restore the site and its small museum. CYSCA, through the generosity of donors, was able to raise funds to buy building material. Purchased materials included fencing to help protect the area, piping to install water and rest rooms, cement, lumber, and stone blocks to partially rebuild a wooden museum building dating to the 1930s. Most of the labor is being done by Shengavit director Tshagharyan when he is not in meetings, and Vanoush, an experienced construction worker. Astghig, a young woman who recently graduated with

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degrees in history, museum science, and education, joined the staff and is training to be a multi-lingual guide at the site.

The site belongs to the Yerevan city government, while the museum itself and the staff are affiliated with the Yerebuni Museum in Yerevan. Since independence, there has been little or no Armenian government funding for operational expenses or maintenance of the site. Vanoush, the construction expert on Shengavit’s staff, told this author that he has been associated with Shengavit for nearly 50 years and for the first time, under Tshagharyan’s directorship, he has seen progress being made at Shengavit.

The oldest archaeological layer at Shengavit is from the stone age in the 4th millennium B.C. The area has been continuously inhabited since then. Later layers present a record of social and technological development from stone implements, to copper and bronze, after which Armenia became part of the Urartun Empire.The site presents a view of social development from tribal society to the development of a large organized community. The cultural developments at Shengavit were contemporary with similar developments as far away as Mesopotamia, Malatia in Western Armenia, and southern Russia. Shengavit’s population traded with these areas and was at the geometric center of these cultural developments. The population was probably making wine and stored tons of grain. Estimates of the maximum population inhabiting the Shengavit settlement range from 2,000 to 6,000individuals.

Dr. Mitchell Rothman, an archaeologist from Widener University in PA, is conducting excavations at Shengavit together with Armenian colleagues. He plans on writing a book on the history and archaeology of Shengavit. This was, he explained, an area of dynamic social development. Though there are many gaps in our understanding of this process, hopefully study of the Shengavit community will shed much light on the development of societies in the region.

A major problem, however, is the lack of funding for preservation of both artifacts and the actual excavations. Once excavated, exposed structures quickly deteriorate and need to be preserved or they will be lost to future generations of scholars and visitors. There is currently no firm plan or financing in place for preservation by either the Armenian government or other agencies. Both Dr. Rothman and Shengavit director Tshagharyan agree that it would be best to stabilize the excavations using moderntechnology, then cover the excavations with weather-proof, transparent enclosures that would allow visitors to see inside. Replicas of artifacts could be placed in the excavation to allow visitors to see the context in which these artifacts were used and recovered. As yet, however, there is neither the manpower nor the financing to assure that the excavations will be preserved for future generations. CYSCA’s project is helping, however, by funding construction that will help secure the site, rebuild the museum which contains many Shengavit artifacts, and make the Shengavit site more hospitable for visitors by providing amenities such as water, rest rooms, shade, and convenient but controlled access. Heating and air conditioning also needs to be installed in the museum building. Much work needs to be done to preserve this important historical site dating to the 4th millennium B.C. Shengavit needs to be available for new generations of historians, archaeologists, and visitors to Yerevan.

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FRONT PAGE

Levon Mikhailovich Chailakhyan June 21, 1928, Yerevan - February 23, 2009) was a Russian physiologist, biophysicist, and embryologist of Armenian origin, also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was a director of the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, located in Pushchino, Moscow Oblast. Chailakhyan published more than 450 works in Russian, and other countries around the world, he was also awarded the medal of the All-Russia Physiological Society.

One of the first Chailakhyan’s biophysical works considered a kind of cardiac arrhythmia (Wenckebach period). The next series of works was devoted to experimental and theoretical analysis of complex excitable structures such as cardiac syncytium and nerve cell dendrites. Together with S.A. Kovalev, V.V. Smolyaninov, YuI. Arshavskii, and M.B. Berkinblit he has shown that the specific features of the spread of excitation depend not only on the parameters of cell membranes but also on the geometry of the excitable structure. Many of his works were connected with the role of highly permeable cell–cell contacts in the function of none xcitable tissues. In particular, it has been shown that such contacts are important

in embryogenesis. On the whole, the works in embryology came to be perhaps the most interesting in

Chailakhyan’s research. Development of novel methods of cell fusion brought about a great achievement. Chailakhyan together with B.N. Veprintsev, T.A. Sviridova, and V.A. Nikitin were the first to have cloned a mammal, Masha the Mouse. The report of this feat was published in 1987, ten years before the famous Dolly

the Sheep.

Apart of scientific work, Levon Mikhailovich paid much attention to pedagogical activity. For many years he has been reading lectures at the Chair of Physiology of the Biological Faculty and a special course on the physiology of excitable tissues at the Chair of Biophysics of the Physical Faculty of MSU, he was Dean of the Training Center of Physiology and Biophysics at the Pushchino State University.

The scientific interests of Levon Mikhailovich were not limited to purely laboratory research. He thought much over the general problems of brain function. A result of these cogitations was the monograph

Levon Mikhailovich was a kind and joyful man, who deserved to be loved; he has left so much after him that we shall be learning from him for a long time. And it is not only his science, it is his attitude to friends and opponents, to nature, sports, feasts. He was a man of remarkable integrity, he could forgive anything, except errors in experiments. L.M. Chailakhyan was Director Organizer of the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics,

RAS in Pushchino, and then worked as its Director for 11 years more. Try to imagine a man heading one of the key Institutes of the Academy for so long and having made no enemies— yet this was so. At the age of eighty he was younger at heart than many who have not turned fifty. All his conscious life Levon Mikhailovich toiled to the glory of our physiology and biophysics

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Turkey Shows Interest in Armenian Demand for Access to Trabzon Port

By Harut Sassounian Publisher, The California Courier

In a recent column, I reported that Turkey’s Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu had indicated an

interest in meeting with “Diasporan leaders” to discuss Armenian demands emanating from the Genocide

of 1915.

In response, I suggested that before Armenians consider meeting Davutoglu, he must prove his

sincerity by making eight preliminary concessions, one of which is providing the Republic of Armenia

special commercial access to the Turkish port of Trabzon.

Last week, the Turkish website Gunebakis and other media outlets reported the positive reaction

of Muzaffer Ermish, General Manager of the Trabzon Port: “In a recent article, Harut Sassounian, editor-

in-chief of the California Courier newspaper, pointed out that Turkish authorities were actively pursuing

the start of a dialog with the Armenian Diaspora, and further contended that they were engaged in a series

of meetings ahead of 2015, the 100th Anniversary of the Deportation. Sassounian, who advised the

Diaspora not to make conflicting demands from Turkish authorities, listed the demands that a united

Armenian delegation could make, including the demand that ‘Armenia be given special commercial

access to the Port of Trabzon.’” Gunebakis confirmed that “Trabzon has given a green light to that

request.”

However, the General Manager observed: “should the Turkish government provide us with the

necessary permission, we are ready. Armenia can easily import and export through this location. The $7.5

billion trade volume of Armenia would be an amazing event for Trabzon." The Gunebakis article,

headlined “Armenia’s Eyes are on the Port of Trabzon,” indicated that most of Armenia’s imports and

exports currently pass through the Georgian Port of Poti.

Port manager Ermish indicated the benefits of using Trabzon instead of Poti. He pointed out that

the distance from Trabzon to Yerevan is 430 kilometers (270 miles). “While the Port of Poti provides the

advantage of a railroad link, there is a significant delay in shipments. On the other hand, there is a

convenient highway between Trabzon and Yerevan, which is available at all hours of the day. From the

Port of Trabzon to Alican [Armenia’s Margara border crossing point] is 400 kilometers, and from there to

Yerevan the distance is only 30 kilometers.... Any vehicle that departs from our location will be in

Armenia within 6-7 hours, which is an unbelievable advantage for that country," Ermish stated.

The General Manager stressed that “Trabzon’s Port capacity is capable of accommodating new

projects," and that "we have increased the capacity of the Port from 3.9 to 10 million tons. We are only

utilizing 25% of the Port’s capacity. We are prepared for any commercial opportunity that might present

itself regarding Armenia.”

One can draw several conclusions from Port Manager Ermish’s swift and positive reaction:

-- This deal is in the mutual interest of both Armenia and Turkey. Trabzon would utilize its port capacity

more fully, while Armenia would save on cargo handling fees, pay lower freight rates, and gain an

alternate land access to the outside world.

-- The General Manager would not have made a public announcement on the sensitive topic of

cooperation with Armenia, unless he had advance clearance from Ankara. It is possible that the Turkish

government is using Ermish’s positive statements as a trial balloon to gauge the degree of support or

opposition to such a move. While there has been no negative reaction from anti-Armenian nationalist

circles in Turkey and Azerbaijan, Armenian merchants have welcomed the Turkish gesture.

-- Since the Trabzon Port’s Manager has announced that Armenian cargo can directly cross the currently

closed Armenian-Turkish border rather than being rerouted through Georgia, even a limited opening of

the border for cargo shipments would eliminate the need for the highly controversial Armenian-Turkish

Protocols, once and for all.

Finally, a truly sincere gesture of reconciliation by Turkey would be acknowledging that Trabzon was a

major center of extermination during the Armenian Genocide. A monument should be erected in Trabzon

Port in memory of thousands of Armenian women and children who were placed in boats and cruelly

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dumped to drown in the Black Sea. It should be clear that neither giving Armenia special access to the Trabzon Port nor the erection

of a monument could be considered restitution for the Genocide. These are simply steps Turkish officials must take to prove their good faith before Armenians can sit with them at the negotiating table.

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